Energy Systems and Technologies for the Coming Century ...

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Anderson J, de Coninck H, Curnow P, Flach T, Reiner D, Richardson P, Shackley S,Upham P, Sigurthorsson G (2007): The ACCSEPT project: Summary of the mainfindings and key recommendations, Final report from ACCSEPT,http://www.accsept.org/Converse P.E, (1964): The nature of belief systems in mass public. In: Apter, D.E. (Ed.),Ideology and Discontent. Free Press, New York, pp. 206–261.Curry T, Reiner D.M, Ansolabehere S, Herzog H.J (2004): How aware is the public ofcarbon capture and storage? In: Rubin E.S, Keith D.W, Gilboy C.F (Eds.), Proceedingsof the 7th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, volume 1:Peer-reviewed Papers and Plenary Presentations, IEA Greenhouse Gas Program,Cheltenham, UK.Daamen D, de Best-Waldhober M, Damen K, Faaij A (2006): Pseudo-opinions on CCStechnologies. Eighth International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies(GHGT-8)De Best- Waldhober M, Daamen D, Faaij A (2009): Informed and uninformed publicopinions on CO 2 capture and storage technologies in the Netherlands, InternationalJournal of Greenhouse Gas Control 3 pp.322- 332Eurostat (2006): Attitudes towards energy, Special Eurobarometer 247, EuropeanCommissionGovernment of the Netherlands, 2010: CO2- opslagproject in Barendrecht van de baan,http://www.rijksoverheid.nl/nieuws/2010/11/04/co2-opslagproject-barGough C, Mander, S (2006): Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage in the Media. I. G. G.Programme, Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research.Hornig S (1993): Reading risk: public response to print media accounts of technologicalrisk. Public Understanding of Science 2, 95–109.Huijts (2003): Public perception of Carbon Dioxide Storage. Eindhoven University ofTechnology, Eindhoven.Itaoka K, Saito A, Akai M (2004): Public acceptance of CO2 capture and storagetechnology: a survey of public opinion to explore influential factors. In: Rubin E.S, KeithD.W, Gilboy C.F (Eds.), Proceedings of the 7 th International Conference on GreenhouseGas Control Technologies, volume 1: Peer-reviewed Papers and Plenary Presentations,IEA Greenhouse Gas Program, Cheltenham, UK.Itaoka K, Okuda Y, Saito A, Akai M (2009): Influencial information and factors forsocial acceptance of CCS: the 2 nd round survey of public opinion in Japan, GHGT-9, 9thInternational Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, Energy Procedia 1,pp 4803- 4810Mander S, Gough C (2006): Media framing of new technology: the case of carboncapture and storage. Eighth International Conference on Greenhouse Gas ControlTechnologies (GHGT-8),Petty R.E, Cacioppo J.T (1986): The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion. In:Berkowitz, L (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, vol. 19. AcademicPress, New York.Price V, Neijens PC (1997): Opinion quality in public opinion research. InternationalJournal of Public Opinion Research 9 (4), 336–360.Reiner D, Curry T, de Figueiredo M, Herzog H, Ansolabehere S, Itaoka K, Akai M,Johnsson F, Odenberger M (2006): An International Comparison of Public Attitudestoward carbon capture and storage technologies, Proceedings of the 8th internationalconference on greenhouse gas control technologiesRijksoverheid, 2010: CO2- opslagproject in Barendrecht van de baan,http://www.rijksoverheid.nl/nieuws/2010/11/04/co2-opslagproject-barRisø International Energy Conference 2011 Proceedings Page 46
Shackley S, McLachlan C, Gough C (2005): The public perception of carbon capture andstorage in the UK: results from focus groups and a survey. Climate Policy 4 (4), 377–398.Sharp J, Jaccard M, Keith D (2006): Public attitudes toward geological disposal ofcarbon dioxide in Canada, GHGT8, the 8th International Conference on Greenhouse GasControl TechnologiesSiegrist M (2000): The influence of tryst and perceptions of risk and benefits on theacceptance of gene technology, Risk analysis 20, 195-203Slovic P, Fischhoff B, Lichtenstein S (1985): Characterizing perceived risk. In: KatesR.W, Hohenemser C, Kasperson, J.X (Eds.), Perilous Progress: Managing the Hazards ofTechnology. Westview, pp. 91–125.Ter Mors E, Weenig M, Ellemers N (2006): The influence of (in)congruence ofcommunicator expertise and trustworthiness on acceptance of CCS technologies, GHGT-8, 8th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control TechnologiesTerwel B,Harink F, Ellemers N, Daamen D, de Best- Waldhober M (2009): Trust aspredictor of public acceptance of CCS, GHGT-9, 9th International Conference onGreenhouse Gas Control Technologies, Energy Procedia 2, pp. 4613- 4616Tokushige K, Akimoto K, Tomoda T (2007): Public perceptions on the acceptance ofgeological storage of carbon dioxide and information influencing the acceptance,International journal of greenhouse gas control I pp.101-112Van Alphen K, Van Voorst Tot Voorst Q, Hekkert M, Smits R (2007): Societalacceptance of carbon capture and storage technologies, Energy Policy 35, pp. 4368-4380Af Wåhlberg A, Sjöberg L (2000): Risk perception and the media. J. Risk Res. 3 (1), 31–50.Risø International Energy Conference 2011 Proceedings Page 47
Page 1 and 2: Energy Systems and Technologies for
Page 3 and 4: ContentsSessions overview 1Programm
Page 5 and 6: sessions overview08:00-09:00Coffee
Page 7 and 8: 11:00 - 12:30 session 6A - Bioenerg
Page 9 and 10: ContactSustainable Energy, Technica
Page 11 and 12: Penetration of new energy technolog
Page 13 and 14: how decisions are made and by whom
Page 15 and 16: (9) is the logaritimic expansion of
Page 17 and 18: (16)we may finally write Eq(14) in
Page 19 and 20: Table 1: Fast track cases for new r
Page 21 and 22: Peterka V. Macrodynamics of technol
Page 23 and 24: Growth in clean and reliable energy
Page 25 and 26: Conclusion - an ambitious vision an
Page 27 and 28: "Spurring investments in renewable
Page 29 and 30: Integrating climate change adaptati
Page 31 and 32: transport, and finance. Energy prov
Page 33 and 34: northern South America, the Caribbe
Page 35 and 36: Table 1: Energy system adaptation s
Page 37 and 38: More generally, a number of no- or
Page 39 and 40: 6 ReferencesADB, 2005. Climate proo
Page 41 and 42: Sailor, D.J., Smith, M., Hart, M.,
Page 43 and 44: Factors affecting stakeholder perce
Page 45 and 46: Another study conducted in Japan wa
Page 47 and 48: 4 The effect of information on stak
Page 49: Furthermore, communication to stake
Page 53 and 54: Figure 1: Potential CO 2 storage si
Page 55 and 56: The Upper Jurassic - Lower Cretaceo
Page 57 and 58: The majority of the individual stru
Page 59 and 60: Development. Project no. ENK6-CT-19
Page 61 and 62: Section 5 summarises the key issue
Page 63 and 64: Table 1. Efficiencies for new large
Page 65 and 66: In addition, district heating syste
Page 67 and 68: 6.4 Model results from EFDA-TIMESIn
Page 69 and 70: Maisonnier, D., et al. (2007), Powe
Page 71 and 72: 1Efficiency and effectiveness of pr
Page 73 and 74: 3Stromerzeugung [TWh/a]250200150100
Page 75 and 76: 54 Country-specific Lessons learned
Page 77 and 78: 7100%90%80%quota fullfilment (%)70%
Page 79 and 80: [5] Haas R., et al: Efficiency and
Page 81 and 82: The development and diffusion of re
Page 83 and 84: a. Offshore wind in DenmarkDenmark
Page 85 and 86: applicants are invited to submit a
Page 87 and 88: nies that provide upstream and down
Page 89 and 90: for both technology users and produ
Page 91 and 92: Trade Disputes over Renewable Energ
Page 93 and 94: treatment to imported renewable ene
Page 95 and 96: In Canada, the federal government i
Page 97 and 98: grid access, subsidies and land off
Page 99 and 100: In 2010, China’s total wind insta
Page 101 and 102:
Source: Renewables 2010 Global Stat
Page 103 and 104:
Source: REN 21, Renewables 2010 Glo
Page 105 and 106:
Source: adapted from REN21, 2010It
Page 107 and 108:
their precise scope and nature diff
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60 daysBy 2 nd DSBmeetingConsultati
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discriminatory manner on domestic a
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the European Union, the North Ameri
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ended. China lost this case because
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As most countries in the world are
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Session 3A - Energy SystemsRisø In
Page 122 and 123:
1 IntroductionWith the introduction
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occur. This is an undesirably burea
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This curve could be used as a new t
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ut for the total consumption, and i
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This gives the LBR an opportunity t
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concludes that the subsurface conta
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to constrain the evaluation. In add
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Fig. 2 SW-NE trending seismic profi
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Fig. 5. Petrophysical evaluation of
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ConclusionsThe Danish subsurface co
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Performance of Space Heating in aMo
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[5],[10],[11],[16],[18],[20],[26].
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2/3 Sun1 Coal1/3 ElPower plantHP1 H
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25002000Surplus(min(wind,prod-cons)
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160CO 2 emission per unit heat prod
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The calculations have been based on
Page 154 and 155:
Session 3B - smart gridsRisø Inter
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2 Myopic Investments2.1 The Balmore
Page 158 and 159:
Moreover, this model is formulated
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Reducing Electricity Demand Peaks b
Page 162 and 163:
3 Event Driven Scheduling Algorithm
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5 Mapping Teletraffic Theory to Ene
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6.2 Results and Performance Metrics
Page 168 and 169:
Energy Efficient Refrigeration and
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Virtual Power PlantAggregatorSuperm
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C p,rC p,fT rT fW cφ sT a(UA) raHe
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Total PowerP.G. #1P.G. #2C.R. #1201
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the availability payment.Simulation
Page 178 and 179:
The constraint in Eq. (16) has the
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The FlexControl concept - a vision,
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can react on requests for power reg
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3 ControlThe concept is based solel
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one hour to the next - correspondin
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4 ProtectionThe protection of the p
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Session 4 - Efficiency Improvements
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the product portfolio point of view
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Figure 4: Principle flow sheet of t
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process information needed are seld
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AIRFINE®(Reference)MEROS®Ca(OH)2M
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4 Conclusion & DiscussionThe Eco-Ca
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1 Energy policy and EU directivesTh
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iomass CHP, heat pumps, electric bo
Page 206 and 207:
Fig. 1: How to supply a growing hea
Page 208 and 209:
Session 5A - Wind Energy IRisø Int
Page 210 and 211:
The average cumulative growth rate
Page 212 and 213:
turbines is expected to create a st
Page 214 and 215:
O&MGridWindturbineSubstructureFigur
Page 216 and 217:
Another idea is to harvest energy f
Page 218 and 219:
9. Shimon Awerbuch, Determining the
Page 220 and 221:
engaged in wind energy assessment,
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treated in such a way to make them
Page 224 and 225:
Figure 5: Map showing the estimated
Page 226 and 227:
Figure 9: The annual mean power den
Page 228 and 229:
mix is required. For example diurna
Page 230 and 231:
Session 5B - Wind Energy IIRisø In
Page 232 and 233:
TABLE ISOME OF THE WIND TURBINE MAN
Page 234 and 235:
China, has prompted all parties, in
Page 236 and 237:
to the high shaft speed. Furthermor
Page 238 and 239:
Superconductors must be kept cold b
Page 240 and 241:
an annual increase in demand of 6%,
Page 242 and 243:
Improved High Temperature Supercond
Page 244 and 245:
our study to a single set of deposi
Page 246 and 247:
3.2 Yttrium-enriched YBCO thin film
Page 248 and 249:
Fig. 5. AC-susceptibility dependenc
Page 250 and 251:
The j C (B) dependence at 50 K for
Page 252 and 253:
Session 6A - Bioenergy IRisø Inter
Page 254 and 255:
The European politicians are faced
Page 256 and 257:
The fast growing demand for biomass
Page 258 and 259:
Figure 2: Avedøre Power Plant in C
Page 260 and 261:
Figure 5: Concept for a sustainable
Page 262 and 263:
The role of biomass and CCS in Chin
Page 264 and 265:
2.2.1 CCS Potential for ChinaCCS is
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80%70%60%China's share ofglobal CO
Page 268 and 269:
In general, if the CCS technology d
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with high implementation of CCS Chi
Page 272 and 273:
The European Biofuels Policy: from
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aimed to promote agriculture-based
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(EC, 2009b), and internationally vi
Page 278 and 279:
Session 6B - Bio Energy IIRisø Int
Page 280 and 281:
The commercial scale production of
Page 282 and 283:
the production process parameters,
Page 284 and 285:
NutrientWaterAlgal cultureproductio
Page 286 and 287:
Schenk, P.M., Thomas-Hall, S.R., St
Page 288 and 289:
Liquid biofuels from blue biomassZs
Page 290 and 291:
Even though final ethanol yields we
Page 292 and 293:
Integrated Gasification SOFC Plant
Page 294 and 295:
2.1 Modelling of SOFCThe SOFC model
Page 296 and 297:
where g 0 , R an T are the specific
Page 298 and 299:
hand side y-axis corresponds to eff
Page 300 and 301:
The moister content for these three
Page 302 and 303:
Use of Methanation for Optimization
Page 304 and 305:
power production from utilizing the
Page 306 and 307:
2.1 Model DescriptionThe developed
Page 308 and 309:
Figure 3: Flow sheet of methanation
Page 310 and 311:
efficiency and turbine inlet temper
Page 312 and 313:
[14] DNA - A Thermal Energy System
Page 314 and 315:
On the effectiveness of standards v
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educing new car emissions to 120 g
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In addition energy consumption E an
Page 320 and 321:
coefficient γ for the impact of fu
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400200Change in energy (PJ)01980 19
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Figure 9 depict scenarios for the f
Page 326 and 327:
What are customers willing to pay f
Page 328 and 329:
Randomly, continuous up to ±50%Acc
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The likelihood for the model is giv
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eally means that this factor and no
Page 334 and 335:
Table 5-1 Parameter estimates from
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Table 6-2 Willingness to pay for 10
Page 338 and 339:
Session 12 - Energy for Developing
Page 340 and 341:
Risø International Energy Conferen
Page 342 and 343:
Page 344 and 345:
Page 346 and 347:
Page 348 and 349:
Page 350 and 351:
existing renewable energy technolog
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useful energyend energysecondary en
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parts or the means of enforcing war
Page 356 and 357:
The development of micro-hydro proj
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Table 1. Electric power generation
Page 360 and 361:
5 ReferencesBajgain, S., Shakya, I.
Page 362 and 363:
IntroductionElectricity has become
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of 2008, 43.6% of the total populat
Page 366 and 367:
Hilmand provinces have comparativel
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….. eq. 5LCOE is the net present
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case of Nepal, it is 5% (Trading ec
Page 372 and 373:
ing down the cost of solar PV modul
Page 374 and 375:
3.3 Serving the rural areas with na
Page 376 and 377:
The levelized costs of electricity
Page 378 and 379:
Figure 4. Variation in LCOE with si
Page 380 and 381:
The analysis reveals that fuel cost
Page 382 and 383:
In case of DG, we have looked with
Page 384 and 385:
Gross, R., Blyth, W., Heptonstall,
Page 386 and 387:
Mode of Transport to Work, Car Owne
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power parity (PPP) basis, GDP per c
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83,385 to 109,108 while the number
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other purposes so that reduced fare
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emissions studies is that they were
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where I (·) is the indicator funct
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increases, individuals acquire more
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while that of other means of transp
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into CO 2 . For all oil and oil pro
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impact. In general, income is found
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7 ReferenceAlperovich, G., Deutsch,
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Table 1: Definitions of Variables a
Page 410 and 411:
Session 13 - Energy StorageRisø In
Page 412 and 413:
2 Storage demand and resulting stor
Page 414 and 415:
compressed air storages, demand sit
Page 416 and 417:
Fig. 3: Options for underground sto
Page 418 and 419:
3.5 Geological potential in EuropeF
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Sensitivity on Battery Prices and C
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3.1 Base caseA northern European en
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4 ResultsThe model is run on a comp
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Furthermore, a slight decrease in t
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Night time charging increases with
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Lithuanian Energy Institute, PSE In
Page 432 and 433:
atteries, Compressed Air Energy Sto
Page 434 and 435:
negative net load, can be expected
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25%Pct. of the year20%15%10%5%0.5-0
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800006000040000MWh200000Netload-200
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[4] B. V. Mathiesen and H. Lund, "C
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Compressed Air Energy Storage in Of
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compressed air caverns, corrosion-r
Page 446 and 447:
Figure 3: Distribution of salt depo
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Figure 6: EWEA's 20 year Offshore N
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spinning reserves can be provided b
Page 452 and 453:
7 Discussion and conclusionsThis pa
Page 454:
Risø DTU is the National Laborator
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