12th International Conference on Harmful Algae

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INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF HARMFUL ALGAE12 th <strong>International</strong> <strong>Conference</strong> on Harmful Algae, Copenhagen, Denmark, 4-8 September 2006least partially modified viapolyketide biosynthetic pathways.Therefore, our research focussedupon polyketide synthase (PKS)genes. Six potential candidatePKS sequences were identifiedamong the ESTs based on similaritysearches. We also performedphysiological experiments tomonitor toxicity, allelochemicalpotency and growth of Prymnesiumparvum. RNA was extracted fromdifferent treatments andphysiological stages of the culturesto monitor gene expression withmicroarrays. Special focuses of ourinvestigations are the genes relatedto growth regulation and toxinsynthesis.PO.13-26Potentially toxic microalgae fromcoastal lagoons along the middleTyrrhenian Sea (MediterraneanSea)Session: PO.13 - Regional eventsI Bianco 1 , V Sangiorgi 1 , E Zaottini 1 , LLanni 2 , D Lucchetti 2 , A Ceredi 3 , PAlbertano 4 , R Congestri 41 Arpalazio, LATINA, Italy2 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale,ROMA, Italy3 Centro Ricerche Marine, CESENATICOFORLÌ, Italy4 Università di Roma Tor Vergata, ROMA,ItalyA complex system of six coastallagoons (Fogliano, Monaci,Caprolace, Sabaudia, Fondi andLago Lungo) located along theSouthern Latium coast wasmonitored for algal surveillance andenvironmental assessment fromJanuary 2003. These lagoonsshowed high biomass potential (upto 70 µg l -1 chl a) and weremarkedly influenced by marine andfreshwater influxes and hostfisheries and shellfish farms.Phytoplankton composition andspatio-temporal distribution wasassessed in monthly samples bylight and electron microscopy,revealing similar trends among thedifferent site populations. Sevenpotentially toxic dinoflagellates weredetected, with maximalabundance (8x10 6 cells l -1 ) ofProrocentrum minimum at Fondiduring spring. Mass occurrences ofPrymnesium cf. parvum (92x10 6cells l -1 ) and Pseudo-nitzschiaspecies (24x10 6 cells l -1 ) wererecorded at Fondi and Lago Lungo,respectively. Despite the variety anddensity of potentially toxic species,fish mortality was only registered inOctober 2004 during a Prymnesiumcf. parvum bloom (92x10 6 cells l -1 ).In addition, monitoring ofphytoplankton from the OrbetelloLagoon, at South Tuscany, over aone-year period showed unusualand persistent winter blooms ofDinophysis sacculus andProrocentrum micans (up to 26 and30x10 6 cells l -1 respectively).Toxicity tests on farmed oystersrevealed the presence of DTX-3 byLC-MS/MS.PO.05-03The use of biopsies to quantifydomoic acid concentration in theking scallop Pecten maximusSession: PO.05 – Toxin analysisJ Blanco 1 , C Mariño 1 , CP Acosta 1 , HMartín 21 C. Invest. Mariñas, VILANOVA DEAROUSA, Spain2 Centro Tecnológico del Mar CETMAR,VIGO, SpainSeveral biopsy methods werechecked to obtain samples ofseveral organs of the king scallopPecten maximus. Aspirationmethods or open concentric135
INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF HARMFUL ALGAE12 th <strong>International</strong> <strong>Conference</strong> on Harmful Algae, Copenhagen, Denmark, 4-8 September 2006needles were found to be inefficientfor samples of digestive gland,gonad and adductor muscle. Cuttingdevices gave good, consistentsamples of the three organs. Tru-Cut biopsy devices have theimportant drawback that theycannot be operated if there is notca. 1cm of distance between thetarget of the biopsy and the shell, inthe direction of the insertion of theneedle. BioPince devices do notneed additional space but theexisting commercial model has aminimum core length of 13 mm.This device obtains a cylindricalsample of about 7 mg that can beeasily extracted by a freezingthawingprocess or other extractiontechniques. Scallops subjected tobiopsies with BioPince and Tru-Cutshow relatively low mortality. Thecoefficient of variation of thebiopsies of the digestive gland wasfound to be between 27 and 41%,depending on the extractionprocedure.PO.05-39Development of sensitive LCMSmethods for the evaluation ofexcitotoxic amino acids in marinealgae.Session: PO.05 - Toxin analysisP Blay, A Robertson, KL Reeves, KThomas, Y Chen, MA QuilliamNational Research Council of Canada,HALIFAX NS, CanadaA novel hydrophilic interaction liquidchromatography mass spectrometry(HILIC-MS) method was developedfor the separation of excitatoryamino acids (EAA) including kainicacid, domoic acid, glutamic acid,aspartic acid, ß-oxalylamino-Lalanineand L-ß-methylaminoalaninein a variety of marine algae.Several HILIC stationary phaseswere assessed during this studyincluding TSK-gel amide-80(Tosoh), Atlantis HILIC silica(Waters) and the highly polar,zwitterionic ZIC HILIC (SeQuant). Ineach case, a variety of parameterswere optimised including bufferconcentration, organic modifiers,ion-pairing agents, pH, columntemperature and flow rate. Singleion monitoring (SIM) of the positiveand negative parent ions wasperformed using an API III, API 165and API 4000 mass spectrometer.Positive and negative MS/MSspectra were obtained for each EAAexamined with the API4000 triplequadrupole MS which facilitatedoptimization of collision energy anddeclustering potentials of majorfragment ions for single and multiplereaction monitoring. All aspects ofquantification will be discussedincluding linearity assessment, levelof detection, level of quantificationand effects of sample matrix foreach EAA under investigation.These studies were applied to purityassessment of algal derivedproducts such as kainic and domoicacid, and excitotoxin identification inseaweeds, diatoms andcyanobacteria.PO.04-09The uptake of domoic acid byjellyfish: a new phycotoxinvector?Session: PO.04 – Food chainsFM Boisson 1 , F Oberansli 1 , K King 2 , CMikulski 2 , GJ Doucette 21 <strong>International</strong> Atomic Energy Agency,MONACO, France2 NOAA/National Ocean Service,CHARLESTON, SC 29412, United Statesof AmericaThe trophic transfer of domoic acid(DA) through marine food webs iswell-established. Many vectors have136
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12th International Conference on Harmful Algae

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