12th International Conference on Harmful Algae

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INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF HARMFUL ALGAE12 th <strong>International</strong> <strong>Conference</strong> on Harmful Algae, Copenhagen, Denmark, 4-8 September 2006In vitro interactions betweenseveral species of harmful algaeand hemocytes of bivalvemolluscsSession: PO.05 - Toxin analysisHT Hegaret 1 , GH Wikfors 2 , SEShumway 11 University of Connecticut, GROTON,United States of America2 NOAA-NMFS, MILFORD, CT 06460,United States of AmericaHarmful algal blooms (HABs) canhave noxious and sublethal impactson shellfish. The northern quahog (=hard clam), Mercenaria mercenaria,can experience blooms of severalHAB species, includingProrocentrum minimum,Heterosigma akashiwo andAlexandrium fundyense. Tounderstand the possible roles of thehemocytes in bivalve responses toHABs, and how the algal cells areaffected by these responses, in vitrotests of interactions between thoseharmful algae and hemocytes of M.mercenaria were carried out. Wemeasured possible differences inhemocyte parameters attributable toharmful algae and also the effect ofhemocytes on the algaethemselves. Using microscopic andflow-cytometric observations,changes in hematology andphysiology, including cellconcentration, phagocytosis,adhesion and oxidative burstresponse of hemocytes weredetermined. Changes in thephysiology and the characteristics ofthe algal cells including mortality,size, chlorophyll fluorescence andinternal complexity were alsodetermined. The results show aspecies-specific response of thehemocytes depending upon theharmful algae to which they wereexposed. Thus, in vitro tests allow abetter understanding of the role ofthe hemocytes and the hemolymphin the defense mechanisms inmolluscan shellfish to harmful algalcells.PO.05-27Newly discovered brevetoxinoxidation products in marineaerosol: assessing potentialpublic health impactsSession: PO.05 - Toxin analysisMichael S Henry 1 , RH Pierce 1 , PCBlum 1 , KL Lemkau 1 , B Kirkpatrick 1 , SEOsborn 1 , YS Cheng 2 , Y Zhou 2 , LEFleming 3 , LC Backer 4 , S Plakas 5 , AAbraham 5 , R Dickey 5 , A Reich 6 , ABourdelais 7 , J Naar 7 , DG Baden 71 Mote Marine Laboratory, SARASOTA, FL,United States of America2 Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute,ALBUQUERQUE, NM, United States ofAmerica3 NIEHS MFBS and NSF NIEHS OHHCenter, MIAMI, FL, United States ofAmerica4 Centers for Disease Control, ATLANTA,GA, United States of America5 FDA, Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory,DAUPHIN ISLAND, AL, United States ofAmerica6 FL-Department of Health, TALLAHASSEE,FL, United States of America7 Center for Marine Science-UNCW,WILMINGTON, NC, United States ofAmericaThe toxic dinoflagellate, Kareniabrevis, produces polyetherneurotoxins (brevetoxins or PbTx)that cause massive aquatic animalmortality and neurotoxic shellfishpoisoning (NSP). A uniquecharacteristic of K. brevis blooms isthe associated airborne brevetoxincomponent that results in severerespiratory problems in exposedpopulations. This study wasundertaken in collaboration withhuman exposure studies todetermine the composition ofaerosolized brevetoxins to whichbeachgoers are exposed during a189
INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF HARMFUL ALGAE12 th <strong>International</strong> <strong>Conference</strong> on Harmful Algae, Copenhagen, Denmark, 4-8 September 2006K. brevis bloom. Brevetoxins andrelated degradation products wereextracted from water collected alongthe shore and from marine aerosols.Water samples were furtherprocessed to separate the toxinscontained inside (intracellular) aswell as outside (extracellular) the K.brevis cells. Oxidation and/orhydrolysis products of PbTx-1, -2, -3and -7 were found only inextracellular water and in aerosolsand at levels comparable to theparent brevetoxins. Thesecompounds have been previouslydescribed in laboratory culture,natural bloom water, and shellfish,but have not been described inmarine aerosols to which peopleand other mammals are exposed.Knowledge of these compoundsand their mechanisms ofaerosolization will provide criticalinformation regarding the cause andeffect relationship on human andanimal health during red tideaerosol exposure.PO.05-45Development of a screeningmethod for cyanobacterial toxinsSession: PO.05 - Toxin analysisS Hiller 1 , B Krock 2 , A Cembella 2 , BLuckas 11 FSU Jena, JENA, Germany2 AWI Bremerhaven, BREMERHAVEN,GermanyMass developments of toxiccyanobacteria in fresh waters incombination with health risks andseveral lethal poisonings of animalsas well as human beings have beendocumented. The most importantgroup of cyanobacterial toxins arehepatotoxins, dominated bymicrocystins in addition tonodularins. Other cyanobacterialtoxins are anatoxin-a, paralyticshellfish poisoning toxins andcylindrospermopsins. Due to thecases of human intoxicationfrequently connected withcyanobacterial blooms,governmental institutionsestablished control programmes toensure that toxins do not reach theconsumer. Therefore, manymethods have been developed forspecific target compounds of mostof the toxin groups. These methodshave their benefits and are in use atnumerous analytical laboratories.However, the application of specificmethods depends on the knowledgeof the presence of a toxin-producingorganism. If this information islacking toxin analysis can be verytedious. Recently, we havedeveloped a liquid chromatographyelectrosprayionisation-tandemmass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) method, which qualitativelymonitors various typicalrepresentatives of all known classesof cyanotoxins, including evenunknown derivatives. This methoduses diagnostic mass fragments forthe detection of characteristiccompounds of the different classesand thus allows monitoring a largeset of unspecified cyanobacterialsamples for the presence of anykind of cyanotoxins.PO.15-24Quantification of epibenthiccommunities, including toxicdinoflagellates, in different greenmacroalgal substrates in Ria deAveiro (Portugal)Session: PO.15 - MonitoringMF Hinzmann, SC Craveiro, AJ CaladoUniversity of Aveiro, AVEIRO, PortugalThe coastal lagoon ‘Ria de Aveiro’is a complex system of channels,marshes and puddles that supportthe growth of a variety of190
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INTERNATIONAL SOCIETYFOR THE STUDY
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Dear participantWelcome to Denmark
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12th International Conference on Harmful Algae

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