12th International Conference on Harmful Algae

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INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF HARMFUL ALGAE12 th <strong>International</strong> <strong>Conference</strong> on Harmful Algae, Copenhagen, Denmark, 4-8 September 2006Phosphatases, enzymes thathydrolyze organic phosphorus,include both alkaline and acidvarieties with pH-dependent optima.Phytoplankton phosphataseresearch has focused primarily onalkaline phosphatase expression inphotosynthetic species, includingdinoflagellates. Acid phosphataseshave been less studied in algae andhave been examined in very fewdinoflagellates (Lingulodiniumpolyedrum, Schmitter andJurkiewicz 1981; Crypthecodiniumcohnii, Barlow and Triemer 1986).Traditionally, phosphatase activityhas been measured usingcolourimetric or fluorometricmethods that cannot resolvevariability within populations andamong taxa in mixed assemblages.Recently, the molecular probe ELF-97® (Enzyme-LabelledFluorescence; Molecular Probes,Inc., Eugene, OR) was developedfor in situ fluorescencemeasurements of both alkaline andacid phosphatases in individualcells. In this study, ELF-97® wasused to examine phosphataseactivity in the heterotrophicdinoflagellate Pfiesteriashumwayae. Phosphatase activityalso was evaluated at different pHvalues using colorimetric methods.Active phosphatases generally werelocalized in dense deposits near orsurrounding the food vacuole. Thelocation of enzyme activity andsupporting colorimetricmeasurements suggest that acidphosphatases predominate in P.shumwayae and have a generalcatabolic function.PO.13-22Field and laboratory mortalityand bloom decay rates ofGymnodinium catenatum:improving parameters in coastalmodelsSession: PO.13 - Regional eventsJH Skerratt, A Holmes, S BlackburnCSIRO, HOBART, AustraliaPhytoplankton mortality is rarelyaddressed in ecological models yetis seen by both modellers andecologists as significant. Mortalityrates of a number of micro-algalspecies present in the Huon EstuaryTasmania, Australia were assessedusing both laboratory and field data.Particular emphasis was placed onGymnodinium catenatum, a harmfuldinoflagellate that forms recurrentblooms in the estuary. Mortalityrates are new in marine ecologicalmodels so we transferredmethodology and techniques frombacterial mortality models as thesehave been extensively researchedbecause of food pathogens.Mortality rates for all microalgalspecies tested in the laboratorywere between 0.04-0.3/day andfield data for G. catenatum bloomsfrom 1989 to 2004 concurred withthese rates of decline. The mortalityrates will be incorporated into thepresent biogeochemical models ofthe estuary and surrounding waters.PO.10-12Growth preferences and toxicityof Chattonella aff. verruculosa(Heterokontophyta)Session: PO.10 - Ecophysiology &autecologyB SkjelbredUniversity of Oslo, OSLO, NorwayThe heterokont flagellate under theprovisional name Chattonella aff.verruculosa has formed recurrent281
INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF HARMFUL ALGAE12 th <strong>International</strong> <strong>Conference</strong> on Harmful Algae, Copenhagen, Denmark, 4-8 September 2006extensive blooms in the North Seaand Skagerrak since 1998.According to phylogenetic analysesC. aff. verruculosa belongs toDictyochophyceae, notRaphidophyceae. Water sampleswere collected from Skagerrak fromJanuary to March 2006 and strainsof C. aff. verruculosa were isolated.The cells were grown in IMR ½medium with salinity 25 PSU andtemperature 4 ºC. Twelvemonoclonal strains were obtainedusing the capillary isolation method.The newly isolated strains andseven isolated from previousblooms in Skagerrak or elsewherewere grown under differenttemperatures, salinities and lightclimates to determine the optimalgrowth conditions. Based on fieldobservations and cultureexperiments, C. aff. verruculosaseems to prefer cold, brackishwater. The toxicity to various celllines and fish preparations was alsoexamined.PO.13-83Occurrence of phytoplanktonpotentially causing shellfishtoxicity in the Skagerrak, theKattegat and the Sound(Öresund) 1985-2005Session: PO.13 - Regional eventsA-T Skjevik 1 , AY al-Handal 1 , L Edler 1 ,M. Kuylenstierna 2 , B Karlson 11 SMHI, Oceanographic services, VÄSTRAFRÖLUNDA, Sweden2 Kristineberg Marine Research Station,FISKEBÄCKSKIL, SwedenAs part of the environmentalmonitoring programmes along theSwedish West coast phytoplanktoncomposition and abundance hasbeen monitored 1985-2005. Someof the data sets start in 1985 whileothers start ca 1990. Sampling is ingeneral monthly and the Utermöhlsedimentation chamber technique isused for analyses of Lugol fixedsamples. We report on theabundance of taxa and generapotentially causing shellfish toxicity.Genera include Dinophysis,Alexandrium, Lingulodinium,Protoceratium, Protoperidinium andPseudo-nitzschia. Results indicatethat phytoplankton producing DST(Diarrhetic Shellfish Toxins), PST(Paralytic Shellfish Toxins), AZT(Azaspiracidic Shellfish Toxins),Yessotoxins and Amnesic ShellfishToxins (AST) occur regularly in thewhole area. Comparisons withrecommendations from the SwedishNational Food Administrationregarding regulatory limits forabundance of harmful algae aremade. The long-term data sets andthe seasonal distribution of theharmful phytoplankton species arepresented. Also comparisons withlong-term monitoring of DST in bluemussels (Mytilus edulis) along theSkagerrak coast is made.PO.12-10Parasites of the genusBlastodinium are peridinioiddinoflagellatesSession: PO.12 - Taxonomy and phylogenyA Skovgaard 1 , R Massana 2 , E Saiz 21 University of Copenhagen,COPENHAGEN, Denmark2 Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC,BARCELONA, SpainDinoflagellates of the genus i areparasites that spend part of their lifecycle as multicellular trophontsinside the gut of marine, planktoniccopepods. The individual cells in thetrophont as well as the dinosporesthat they produce are thecate. Theplate tabulation formula ofBlastodinium contortum and B.navicula dinospores concurs withthat of the order Peridiniales. In282
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12th International Conference on Harmful Algae

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