12th International Conference on Harmful Algae

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INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF HARMFUL ALGAE12 th <strong>International</strong> <strong>Conference</strong> on Harmful Algae, Copenhagen, Denmark, 4-8 September 2006nutrition of M. rubra, a single ciliatespecies, encompasses 3 differentmodes such as photosynthesis,bacterivory, and algivory. Amongthe metazoan predators of M. rubra,calanoid copepods, mysids, larvaeof ctenophores and anchovies, andspats of bivalves were reported.Feeding on M. rubra bykleptoplastidic dinoflagellates,Dinophysis spp. was suggested toexplain the cryptophyte origin of theDinophysis plastids (Jansson 2004).Here, M. rubra is to serve as adonor of its kleptoplastid for thesecondary kleptoplastidy byDinophysis spp. To conclude, thetraditional ecological niche assignedto M. rubra in marine pelagicenvironment needs to berearranged because of the recentlyunveiling reality of the verycomplicated pelagic food websurrounding M. rubra.PO.05-32Paralytic shellfish poisoning(PSP) toxins in Alexandriumcatenella and A. tamarenseisolated from southern coastaland offshore waters of KoreaSession: PO.05 - Toxin analysisCH Kim, YS KimPukyong National University, BUSAN,South KoreaThirty-two isolates of Alexandriumcatenella and A. tamarense fromthe southern coastal and offshorewaters and from the Yellow Sea inKorea were analyzed for PSPtoxins. All contained toxins in therange of 0.04-46.38 fmol/cell. Inseventeen coastal isolates, themajor toxins were C2, GTX1,4 andneoSTX, and the minor toxins wereC1 and GTX3. However, in fifteenoffshore isolates, the major toxinswere C2 and GTX4, and the minortoxins were C2, GTX1,3,5, andneoSTX. Among them, eightisolates contained GTX5, which wasnot detected in any coastal isolates.In addition, there was a cleardifference in the proportion ofcarbamate to N-sulfocarbamoyltoxins between coastal and offshoreisolates, which were 69:31 and44:56, respectively. The clusteranalysis based on toxin compositionand concentration divided theKorean Alexandrium isolates intothree distinct groups, which wereclearly characterized by a higherproportion of C2, neoSTX, andGTX4, respectively.PO.01-17Isolation of preferentiallyexpressed gene betweendifferent mating type cells in thedinoflagellate AlexandriumtamarenseSession: PO.01 - GeneticsA Kobiyama, K Koike, T OgataKitasato University, OFUNATO, JapanSexual reproduction is an importantprocess in the life cycle ofAlexandrium tamarense. However,nothing is known about themolecular mechanism during sexualreproduction although it is thoughtthat discrimination at the molecularlevel between different mating typecells is important. In this study,subtractive PCR was used to isolatea gene, which is differentiallyexpressed in the different matingtype cells of A. tamarense. Afterthree rounds of subtractive PCRusing cDNAs synthesized frommRNA of different mating type cells,subtractive cDNA libraries wereconstructed. One gene, AT4-3,showed a strong mating typespecificsignal as the results fromcDNA membrane array and RNA205
INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF HARMFUL ALGAE12 th <strong>International</strong> <strong>Conference</strong> on Harmful Algae, Copenhagen, Denmark, 4-8 September 2006dot blot analysis of randomlyselected library clones. Thecomplete nucleotide sequence ofAT4-3 was determined by RACEmethod. BLAST homology searchshowed no similarity to any knowngenes or proteins. The predictedamino acid sequence of AT4-3 hasan N-terminal signal peptide forextracellular secretion, an N-linkedglycosylation site and eight cysteineresidues in half of the C-termini.Although the function of this gene isunknown, the results provide thefirst evidence of intracellularvariation between the differentmating-type cells in dinoflagellates.PO.09-08Occurrence of bacterial proteinthat reacts with specific antibodyagainst saxitoxinSession: PO.09 - Toxin synthesis andchemical structure of toxinsMassaki Kodama, Yoshinobu Takata,Shigeru SatoKitasato University, OFUNATO, JapanPreviously, we reported on theoccurrence of a saxitoxin-producingbacterium isolated fromAlexandrium tamarense cells, andwe suggested that PSP toxins of thedinoflagellate originate fromintracellular bacteria. However, thetoxin productivity of the bacteriumwas too small to explain the toxinamount of the dinoflagellate. Itsuggests that PSP toxins areintermediates of some bacterialsubstance. Recently, we have foundthat conjugates of toxins and thiolcompounds are formed bytransformation of 11-O-sulfatederivatives of STX such asgonyautoxin 1-4 to STXs. Thesefindings show that PSP toxins aremore reactive substances thanpreviously thought, and suggest thepossible occurrence of a bacterialsubstance bound to PSP toxins.Using the reaction of PSP toxinswith the thiol compound, the antigenin which STX is coupled with BSAwas prepared for the specificantibody that shows affinity to all thetoxin components examined. Thewestern blot analysis of the bacterialprotein extract using the antibodyagainst STX showed the presenceof bands. The hydrolyzate of theprotein also reacted with theantibody. These results suggest theoccurrence of proteins with PSPtoxin(s) as constituent(s).PO.04-01Growth of harmful blue-greenalgae after viable gut passage incrucian and silver carpSession: PO.04 – Food chainsVI Kolmakov 1 , MI Gladyshev 1 , OVAnishchenko 1 , SM Chuprov 2 , EAIvanova 3 , ES Kravchuk 1 , IV Zuyev 21 Institute of Biophysics of SB of RAS,KRASNOYARSK, Russia2 Krasnoyarsk State University,KRASNOYARSK, Russia3 Krasnoyarsk State AgriculturalUniversity,KRASNOYARSK, RussiaThe role of fish-gut passageenhancing harmful blue-green algaeproductivity has recently beenreported for a number of speciesresiding in eutrophic lakes. The aimof present work was experimentalstudy of growth of harmful bluegreenalgae after passage throughintestinal tract of crucian carp(Carassius auratus Linn.) and silvercarp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrixVal.). Growth of harmful algaepassed through the intestine ofcrucian and silver carp from smallSiberian reservoirs were comparedwith those of harmful algae takendirectly from the reservoirssubjected to blue-green algal206
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12th International Conference on Harmful Algae

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