12th International Conference on Harmful Algae

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INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF HARMFUL ALGAE12 th <strong>International</strong> <strong>Conference</strong> on Harmful Algae, Copenhagen, Denmark, 4-8 September 2006Dinophysis species are known to betoxic around the world. Their toxinsaccumulate in filter-feeding animalslike mussels, and may causediarrhetic shellfish poisoning tohumans. In the Baltic Sea, there areonly few measurements of thesetoxins in the Dinophysis cells. DSPtoxins (DTX and PTX) have beenfound in Dinophysis cells on theFinnish coast in late summer andautumn 2004. Spatial variability ofDSP toxins is measured along acoastal gradient in the Gulf ofFinland. In addition, the DSP toxicityis related to the occurrence ofDinophysis acuminata, D. norvegicaand D. rotundata and varyingenvironmental conditions.PO.09-05Profiles of PSP toxins in shellfishfrom Portugal explained bydecarbamoylase activitySession: PO.09 - Toxin synthesis andchemical structure of toxinsP Vale 1 , ML Artigas 2 , SS Gomes 1 , MJBotelho 1 , SM Rodrigues 1 , A Amorim 31 IPIMAR/INIAP, LISBON, Portugal2 University of Lisbon, PÓVOA DE STA.IRIA, Portugal3 Instituto de Oceanografia, LISBOA,PortugalThe presence of PSP toxins has notbeen recorded along thePortuguese coast since 1995. Abloom of Gymnodinium catenatumoccurred at the NW coast ofPortugal in the autumn of 2005, andPSP profiles were determined inseveral inshore and offshoreshellfish species by HPLC. Most ofthe species studied contained acomplex toxin profile, typicallyrepresentative of contamination byG. catenatum. However, speciessuch as the clam Spisula solidacontained mainly decarbamoyltoxins; carbamate and N-sulfocarbamoyl toxins wererecorded only at trace levels. In vitroincubation of S. solida extracts withPSP standards revealed a rapidtransformation of carbamate and N-sulfocarbamoyl toxins into theircorresponding decarbamateanalogues. After 24 hours less than5% of the carbamate or N-sulfocarbamoyl toxins testedremained.PO.08-21Neuroblastoma cells as a modelto study toxic events triggered bypalytoxinSession: PO.08 - ToxicologyI Valverde, J Lago, JM Vieites, AGCabadoANFACO-CECOPESCA, VIGO, SpainOne of the most potent marinetoxins related to seafood poisoningis palytoxin, a non-TPA-type skintumour promoter. The presence ofpalytoxin has been detected inseveral fish, crabs and seaanemones, from where it can enterinto the food chain and causehuman fatalities. The receptor forpalytoxin is the plasma membraneNa+/K+-ATPase, and it stimulatessodium influx and potassium effluxin every system where it has beentested. Altered intracellular cationconcentrations, in particularincreased calcium, are generallyassociated with cell death orapoptosis. However, biochemicalsignalling cascades that transmitpalytoxin-stimulated signals remainto be clarified.In vitro cytotoxic effects of palytoxinwere characterized on the BE(2)-M17 human neuroblastoma cell line.By using microplate fluorimetrictechniques, we studied severalcytotoxicity features, includingmarkers of cell death and apoptosis,297
INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF HARMFUL ALGAE12 th <strong>International</strong> <strong>Conference</strong> on Harmful Algae, Copenhagen, Denmark, 4-8 September 2006such as changes of mitochondrialmembrane potential, inhibition ofcellular proliferation, DNAfragmentation, LDH leakage,propidium iodide uptake, and F-actin depolymerization.Results show that palytoxin causesstrong F-actin disruption dependingon concentration and incubationtime. Palytoxin induces fast cellrounding, a fall in mitochondrialmembrane potential that isdependent on the concentration andthe time of incubation, release ofLDH from the cells, and it inhibitscell proliferation.PO.13-79Occurrence of the toxicdinoflagellate Prorocentrum limain the Caribbean coast of CostaRicaSession: PO.13 - Regional eventsMV Vargas, E. FreerUniversity of Costa Rica, SAN JOSÉ, CostaRicaA monthly survey was carried out infive localities along the Caribbeancoast of Costa Rica in 2005, todetermine the presence anddistribution of P. lima. Thisdinoflagellate, which is known toproduce OA, was identified growingin association with macroalgae,which typically dominates thesubtidal zone near areas of coralreef. Prorocentrum lima appeared tohave a substrate preference infavour of Sargassum sp. andPadina sp. with more than 200cells/g D.W. This dinoflagellate waspresent year round in all the surveyspots, primarily in the southernregion during March andSeptember. This is the first report ofmacroalgae associated with P. limain the Caribbean of CentralAmerica.Prorocentrum lima was isolatedfrom macroalgal sediments,cultured and tested for toxicity withtriplicate using the standard brineshrimp bioassay, each with 10Artemia microalgal cultures (1000-500-250 cells/well) with a stationaryphase of 24 hours. Toxicity wasfound in P. lima cultures, whichkilled seventy five percent of theArtemia during the first 10 h of thebioassay. Cultures of P. micanswere used as non-toxic microalgalcontrols which did not affect theviability of Artemia. Further work willbe carried out by HPLC todeterminate the production of OA bythese organisms.PO.10-47Importance of nitrogen andphosphorus availability on theregulation of Prorocentrum limagrowth and okadaic acidproductionSession: PO.10 - Ecophysiology &autecologyIoanna Varkitzi 1 , Kalliopi Pagou 2 , EdnaGranéli 3 , Ioannis Hatzianestis 2 ,Christina Pyrgaki 2 , Aleka Pavlidou 2 ,Georgia Asimakopoulou 2 , BarbaraMontesanto 4 , Athena Economou-Amilli 41 Institute of Oceanography, ATHENS,Greece2 Hellenic Centre for Marine Research,ATHENS, Greece3 University of Kalmar, Marine Sciences Dpt,KALMAR, Sweden4 Athens University,Ecology & SystematicsDpt, ATHENS, GreeceThe benthic dinoflagellateProrocentrum lima has beenassociated with many diarrheticshellfish poisoning (DSP) outbreaksworldwide. The major causativeagent of DSP outbreaks in Greekcoastal waters (E Mediterranean) isDinophysis acuminata, an okadaicacid- (OA) producing species.298
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12th International Conference on Harmful Algae

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