12th International Conference on Harmful Algae

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INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF HARMFUL ALGAE12 th <strong>International</strong> <strong>Conference</strong> on Harmful Algae, Copenhagen, Denmark, 4-8 September 2006all strains formed a well-supportedmonophyletic group within thedinoflagellates. Sequences of allKorean and almost all Japanesestrains were identical, while otherstrains had several basesubstitutions. This indicates that thedominant population of C.polykrikoides from Japanese andKorean coastal waters could beseparated from populationsinhabiting Southeast Asiancountries. Moreover, chain-formingCochlodinium sp. specimens,showing a morphologicalresemblance to C. polykrikoides (i.e.possessing chloroplasts and aneyespot), were also found in thisstudy. This species branched out asa sister to C. polykrikoides.PO.02-02Genomic characterization of thespirolide-producingdinoflagellate Alexandriumostenfeldii with special emphasison PKS genesSession: PO.02 - GenomicsN Jaeckisch 1 , G Glöckner 2 , H Vogel 3 , ACembella 1 , U John 11 Alfred Wegener Institute,BREMERHAVEN, Germany2 Leibnitz Institute for Age Research, JENA,Germany3 MPI Chemical Ecology, JENA, GermanyThe dinoflagellate Alexandriumostenfeldii is the only knownproducer of toxic spirolides.Spirolides are macrocyclic iminesthat are derived via polyketidebiosynthetic pathways - productionis therefore almost certainlymediated by polyketide synthase(PKS) genes. At the genomic level,studies on the biosynthesis ofprotist-derived polyketides havebeen very sparsely reported. Fordinoflagellates, this is due in part tothe peculiarities of the dinoflagellategenome in both structural andregulatory respects. Our researchfocuses on the identification andcharacterization of genes involvedin spirolide biosynthesis, specificallyPKS genes. Genomiccharacterization of A. ostenfeldiiwas conducted by generating anExpressed Sequence Tag (EST)data-bank, based on a normalizedand a standardized cDNA library.About 20,000 ESTs weresequenced and compared from twostrains of A. ostenfeldii (AOSH1 andAOSH2) from Nova Scotia, Canada,which produce distinctive spirolideprofiles. Several genes putativelyrelated to toxin synthesis weredetected, including genes encodingPKS. Genome size and genedensity were estimated via agenomic library analysis. A fosmidlibrary was also generated to detectand further analyse toxin-relatedgenes. Significant insights into thegeneral genomic organisation of A.ostenfeldii and the relationship withputative toxin-producing genes wereobtained by this multi-dimensionallimited genomic characterization.PO.10-05Short-term temporal variability ofammonium and urea uptake byAlexandrium catenella and A.minutum in cultureSession: PO.10 - Ecophysiology &autecologyC. Jauzein 1 , Y Collos 2 , E Garcés 3 , MVila 3 , M Maso 31 IFREMER, SÈTE, France2 UMR5119-CNRS, Univ Montpellier 2,MONTPELLIER, France3 Institut de Ciències del Mar,BARCELONA, SpainIn batch cultures of A. catenella (2strains) and A. minutum on a diellight cycle, ammonium uptake wasestimated by the 15N tracer199
INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF HARMFUL ALGAE12 th <strong>International</strong> <strong>Conference</strong> on Harmful Algae, Copenhagen, Denmark, 4-8 September 2006technique and could be describedby Michaelis-Menten kinetics, whileurea uptake was related in a linearor sigmoid way to ureaconcentration in the range 0.1 to 10µgat N/liter. The maximum uptakerate (Vmax) for ammoniumincreased over the day (3-6 h timescale) by a factor of 2-7 dependingon species and strain. Halfsaturationconstants for ammonium(KNH 4 ) did not show significantdifferences over time, but the KNH 4for the Olbia strain of A. catenellawere lower than those of theTarragona strain by factors of 2 to10. Another measure of affinity forammonium, the initial slope of theuptake rate – concentrationrelationship, always increased overthe daylight period, indicating thatthose organisms are influenced bythe diel cycle through their capacityto absorb ammonium at lowconcentrations. For urea, the uptakerate at 10 µgat N/l increased overtime only for the Olbia strain of A.catenella (by a factor of two). Thoseresults are discussed in terms of thecontribution of ammonium and ureato the growth of thosedinoflagellates.PO.15-19The sampling technique greatlyaffects the toxin content inDinophysis spp. cellsSession: PO.15 - MonitoringM Johansen 1 , T Rundberget 21 Marine Ecology, FISKEBÄCKSKIL,Sweden2 National Veterinary Institute, OSLO,NorwayThe toxin content in cells ofDinophysis spp. is often measuredfrom concentrated water samples.One reason for this is thatDinophysis spp. normally appears inrelatively low numbers. In autumn2005, water samples were collectedusing a submersible pump.Samples were collected withoutconcentration and with aconcentration factor of 500 or 1000,using a plankton net of 20-µm meshsize. Cell number per liter wasenumerated and toxin content perliter was measured using LC-MS.The result was striking. Byconcentrating the samples, at leasttwo thirds of the toxin disappeared.The average cell toxin content of D.acuminata in non- concentratedsamples was slightly over 100 pgOA/cell whereas concentratedsamples only contained about 35 pgOA/cell. The same pattern of toxinloss was also found in cells of D.acuta and its content of DTX-1 andDTX-2. These results stronglyemphasize that the handlingprocedure of the cells has a crucialeffect on the toxin content in thecell. This has to be consideredwhen evaluating the toxicity ofDinophysis and its impact onmussel toxicity.PO.02-05Polyketide synthases in protists:a class of their ownSession: PO.02 - GenomicsUwe JohnAlfred Wegener Institut, BREMERHAVEN,GermanyPolyketides (PK) is a structurallydiverse class of natural products,including substances ofpharmaceutical, industrial andchemical ecological interest. PKexpress a number of human healthrelatedeffects (antibiotic, antitumor,and immunosuppressive agents)and many from marine microorganismsare potent biotoxins,which are involved in processessuch as chemical defence or200
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INTERNATIONAL SOCIETYFOR THE STUDY
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Dear participantWelcome to Denmark
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12th International Conference on Harmful Algae

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