12th International Conference on Harmful Algae

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INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF HARMFUL ALGAE12 th <strong>International</strong> <strong>Conference</strong> on Harmful Algae, Copenhagen, Denmark, 4-8 September 2006PO.08-25Effect of emersion on diarrheticshellfish toxins depuration fromthe blue mussel MytilusgalloprovincialisSession: PO.08 - ToxicologyC Mariño 1 , H Martín 2 , CP Acosta 1 , JBlanco 1 ,1 C. Invest. Mariñas, VILANOVA DEAROUSA, Spain2 Centro Tecnológico del Mar CETMAR,VIGO, SpainThe effect of emersion on thedepuration of DSP toxins DTX2,okadaic acid and conjugated formsof these two compounds, in themussels Mytilus galloprovincialis,was studied. Contaminated musselswere placed in tanks with runningseawater and maintained for oneweek. On days 2 and 5 of theexperiment a subgroup of musselswas kept out the water for one day,another subgroup for 12 h, and athird subgroup was maintainedsubmerged. The observeddepuration was slow for the threetreatments. Emersion seems tohave no relevant effect on DSPtoxin depuration. Notwithstanding,the relative contribution ofconjugated forms was lower in thetwo treatments that involvedemersion than in the one in whichmussels were always submergedand in the initial samples, probablybecause of increased esteraseactivity in the two former treatments.This likely hydrolytic activityproduces an increase of the freeforms of the toxins after one week ofdepuration in the mussels subjectedto emersion.PO.08-10Do toxic Alexandrium minutumstrains affect feeding andsurvival rates of the pelagicmarine copepod Euterpinaacutifrons?Session: PO.08 - ToxicologyR Marinho da Costa 1 , LCC Pereira 1 , FFernández 21 UFPA, BRAGANÇA, Brazil2 Universidad de Barcelona, BARCELONA,SpainShort-term feeding and survivalexperiments with three differenttoxic strains of Alexandriumminutum revealed that the copepodEuterpina acutifrons was able toconsume them to a similar extent atwhich they fed on the non-toxic andsimilar-sized Scrippsiellatrochoidea. Feeding showed atypical satiation response toincreasing food concentrations. Fora given food concentration, nosignificant differences between theingestion rates of E. acutifrons onthe different dinoflagellate strainswere found, except for differencesbetween AL1V and S. trochoidea.Concentrated extracts of copepodtissues fed on A. minutum revealedthe dominance of N -sulfocarbomoyl toxins. Somegonyautoxins were also detected incopepods fed on AL1V. At the endof the feeding experiments,organisms were healthy. During the288-h exposure time no differenceswere found between survival ratesof E. acutifrons when fed on AL1V(55 %) or AL2V (70 %) nor whenfed AMINAR1 (80 %) or S. T. (95%), but significant differences wereobserved between copepods fedboth AL1V or AL2V with respect toAMINAR1 or S. T. Our resultssuggest that E. acutifrons canconsume A. minutum and act asPSP toxin vector through the foodweb during bloom events.233
INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF HARMFUL ALGAE12 th <strong>International</strong> <strong>Conference</strong> on Harmful Algae, Copenhagen, Denmark, 4-8 September 2006PO.05-22Isolation of novel spirolides fromthe marine dinoflagellateAlexandrium ostenfeldiiSession: PO.05 - Toxin analysisI. Marschallek, B. Krock, A. CembellaAlfred Wegener Institute, BREMERHAVEN,GermanySpirolides are macrocycliccompounds characterised by atricyclic ether system and a sevenmemberedcyclic imine moiety. Themarine dinoflagellate Alexandriumostenfeldii is the only knownproximal source of these biologicallyactive compounds that evokeapparent neurotoxicologicalsymptoms in mice. In recentinvestigations of a strain of A.ostenfeldii (AOSH2) originating fromShip Harbour in Atlantic Canada,we found several previouslyundescribed spirolides. Precursorscans of characteristic fragmentionsby liquid chromatographycoupled with tandem massspectrometry (LC-MS/MS) revealedmolecular ion masses that did notcorrespond to known structures andexhibited fragment ion spectra thatdiffered from spirolides of equalmolecular weight. An LC-MS/MSmethod was optimised for thebaseline separation of the complexspirolide mixture. Since theunambiguous structural elucidationof these compounds requiresnuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)spectroscopy, dinoflagellate batchcultures were harvested to generatesufficient spirolides (uppermicrogram range) and high puritycomponents for spectroscopicanalysis. Low pressure columnchromatography and solid phaseextraction (SPE) techniques wereemployed to remove major matrixcompounds from the raw cellextracts. These combined methodsprovide a feasible scheme for theproduction of high purity spirolidesfor structural elucidation.PO.15-04Status of potentially harmfulalgae in the Chesapeake Bayestuarine systemSession: PO.15 - MonitoringH.G. Marshall 1 , L Burchardt 2 , TAEgerton 1 , MF Lane 11 Old Dominion University, NORFOLK,VIRGINIA, United States of America2 Adam Mickiewicz University, POZNAN,PolandChesapeake Bay is the largestestuary in United States. Twomonitoring programs started in 1985and 1998 have provided dataregarding phytoplanktonpopulations for Virginia tributariesand regions in Chesapeake Bay.These programs have resulted todate in the identification of 1454taxa within these waters with 34potentially toxic (2.3%) species.These include common bloomproducers: Akashiwo sanguinea,Cochlodinium polykrikoides, andProrocentrum minimum, plus nontoxicCeratium furca, Heterocapsatriquetra, Heterocapsa rotundata,Scrippsiella trochoidea. Also,Dinophysis acuminata blooms in2002 reached highs of 236,000cells/l, with okadaic acid present.Long-term trend analysis hasindicated significant (p=0.01)increasing trends in abundance andbiomass of cyanobacteria in Virginiatidal river sections. For example, in2004, Microcystis aeruginosaPotomac River blooms lasted 3months at salinities up to 7.5 ppt.Although no re-occurring toxicevents within this estuary haveoccurred, there are potentially toxicflora, which under specificenvironmental conditions, may234
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12th International Conference on Harmful Algae

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