12th International Conference on Harmful Algae

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INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF HARMFUL ALGAE12 th <strong>International</strong> <strong>Conference</strong> on Harmful Algae, Copenhagen, Denmark, 4-8 September 2006Measurements of the physical andbiological environment were carriedout in the Ria de Pontevedra(Galician Rías Baixas, Spain) over atwo-week period in June 2005.Fine-scale vertical distributions ofphytoplankton and shear wereobtained using the IFREMERParticle Profiler and Fine ScaleSampler, coupled withmeasurements from a Nortekacoustic Doppler velocimeter, in situobservations of live samples(autofluorescence) and staineddinoflagellates. A sequence ofupwelling-relaxation-upwellingdownwellingevents was observed.Thin layers of Pseudo-nitzschia spp.and other diatoms (up to 30 µgchlorophyll a · L -1 ) developed andpersisted in the pycnocline region,above the cooler (12.5 ºC) nutrientrich(>10µM nitrate) upwelled water,but were vertically displaced anderoded during downwelling. Apopulation of D. acuminata, that hadbeen evident since early March,was never found within the thinlayers but instead was confined tothe warmer surface (0-4m) layersthroughout the entire survey. Thesecells did not perform any verticalmigration. The results showed theneed to define sub-surface thinlayer characteristics suitable forindividual species. In addition, theimportance of the phase of thepopulation growth to determinephysical-biological interactions andbehaviour of Dinophysis in relationto thin layers is highlighted.O.18-04Positive feedback and thedevelopment and persistence ofecosystem disruptive algalbloomsSession: O.18 - Ecology & Oceanography 1Presentation time: 10:10 - 10:30WG Sunda, DR HardisonBeaufort Laboratory, NOS, NOAA,BEAUFORT, NC, United States of AmericaHarmful algal blooms (HABs) haveoccurred with increasing frequencyin recent years with eutrophicationand other anthropogenic alterationsof coastal ecosystems. Many ofthese blooms severely disruptecosystem function, and can bereferred to as ecosystem disruptivealgal blooms (EDABs). Theseblooms are typically caused by toxicor unpalatable species thatdecrease grazing rates byherbivores, and thereby disrupttransfer of nutrients and energy tohigher trophic levels, and decreasenutrient recycling. Many factors,such as nutrient availability andherbivore grazing have beenproposed to separately influenceEDAB dynamics, but interactionsamong these factors have rarelybeen considered. Here we describepositive feedback interactionsamong nutrient availability,herbivore grazing, and nutrientcycling, which can to substantiallyinfluence the dynamics of EDABevents. The positive feedbacksresult from reduced grazing rates onEDAB species, which promote theproliferation of these algae anddecrease grazer-mediated recyclingof nutrients. These effects in turndecrease nutrient availability. Sincemany EDAB species are welladaptedto nutrient-stressedenvironments and many exhibitincreased toxin production andtoxicity under nutrient limitation,positive feedbacks are establishedwhich can greatly increase the rateof bloom development, and promotebloom persistence and adverseeffects on the ecosystem.71
INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF HARMFUL ALGAE12 th <strong>International</strong> <strong>Conference</strong> on Harmful Algae, Copenhagen, Denmark, 4-8 September 2006O.19-01Field applications for remotedetection of harmful algae usingthe Environmental SampleProcessor: Spring-Summer 2006Session: O.19 - Monitoring 2Presentation time: 11:00 - 11:20Dianne I Greenfield 1 , CA Scholin 1 , SJensen 1 , R III Marin 1 , B Roman 1 , BMassion 1 , GJ Doucette 21 Monterey Bay Aquarium ResearchInstitute, MOSS LANDING, United Statesof America2 NOAA/National Ocean Service,CHARLESTON, SC 29412, United Statesof AmericaMolecular approaches for identifyingharmful algal bloom (HAB) speciesand affiliated toxins are central toresearch and monitoring, but suchmethods require the return ofdiscrete samples for laboratoryanalysis. This impediment isovercome with the EnvironmentalSample Processor (ESP), aninstrument that detects remotely,subsurface, and in near real-time, awide range of microorganisms andsubstances they produce(http://www.mbari.org/microbial/ESP). The first-generation ESP verifiedbasic concepts, such as samplearchive and DNA array processing.The second-generation (2G ESP), acomparatively smaller, faster, andmore robust version, was beendeployed for the first time inMonterey Bay, CA (USA) duringspring-summer of 2006 for ~20d perdeployment. During this fieldseason, the 2G ESP successfullyautomated detection of a number ofharmful species, including diatomsof the genus Pseudo-nitzschia,some of which produce the toxindomoic acid. In addition to in situdetection, we attempted to groundtruth instrument data by periodwater sampling and analyses usinglaboratory versions of molecularassays that are emulated within theESP. Here we present our fieldfindings to date, including speciesdetected remotely during 2006,domoic acid (Doucette et al.),environmental data, and ourcapability to ground-truth instrumentdata.O.19-02Monitoring of lipophilic shellfishtoxins using SPATT (Solid PhaseAdsorption Toxin Tracking) inNova Scotia, CanadaSession: O.19 - Monitoring 2Presentation time: 11:20 - 11:40CM Garnett 1 , CM Rafuse 1 , NI Lewis 1 , SKirchhoff 2 , J Cullen 2 , MA Quilliam 11 National Research Council of Canada,HALIFAX, Canada2 Dalhousie University, HALIFAX, CanadaField studies were undertaken inShip Harbour and Lunenburg Bay,Nova Scotia, Canada, from May toNovember, 2005. Solid PhaseAdsorption Toxin Tracking (SPATT)bags were deployed weekly inconjunction with a variety ofphysico-chemical measurementsincluding temperature, conductivityand light attenuation. Sampling ofphytoplankton was conducted atboth sites and blue mussels (Mytilisedulis) were collected at the ShipHarbour site. SPATT extracts wereanalysed by LC-MS/MS using amulti-toxin analysis for lipophilictoxins. The following toxins weredetected: spirolides,dinophysistoxin-1, pectenotoxin-2,pectenotoxin-2 seco acid,yessotoxin and azaspiracids. Theconcentration effect of toxins fromthe water column by the SPATTbags was supported by evidence oftoxins in the SPATT extracts whenno toxins were detected inplanktonic net tow samples. Inaddition, changes in the toxin72
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12th International Conference on Harmful Algae

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