12th International Conference on Harmful Algae

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INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF HARMFUL ALGAE12 th <strong>International</strong> <strong>Conference</strong> on Harmful Algae, Copenhagen, Denmark, 4-8 September 2006potential biocontrol agent for thecontrol of harmful algal bloomsPO.13-43National report of red tides(HABs) in China 2001- 2005Session: PO.13 - Regional eventsHao Guo 1 , Xiao Lei Yi 21 National Marine Environmental Monitoring,DALIAN, Liaoning Province, China2 State Oceanic Administration (SOA),BEIJING, ChinaRed tides (HABs) is an importantenvironmental issue in Chinesecoastal areas. From the first recordof a red tide in 1933, more than 800red tide events have been recordedin China. In 2001-2005, Chinawitnessed 453 cases of red tides,which covered an area of 93.26thousand square kilometres totally.Most red tides are located in theEast China Sea. Results ofmonitoring indicate that red tidesfrequently occur in May/June. 62%of the red tides occurred during thisperiod, representing 83% of thearea. Dominant red tide organismswere Prorocentrum dentatum,Skeletonema costatum, Noctilucascintillans, Mesodinium rubrum etc.Poisonous and harmful species likeKarenia mikimotoi, Phaeocystis sp.etc. have increased in recent years.Land-based pollution andeutrophication is suggested to bethe main reason causing red tides.Careful monitoring increases thediscovery and control of red tidessignificantly, and emergencyresponse systems play an importantrole for mitigating the impact of thered tides.PO.01-21Occurrence of motile cells of aGymnodinium species, belongingto the Gymnodinium catenatumgroup, in the western Baltic SeaSession: PO.01 - GeneticsJ Göbel 1 , D Lu 21 Landesamt für Natur und Umwelt,FLINTBEK, Germany2 Second Institute of Oceanography,HANGZHOU, ChinaSince 2003 motile cells of theGymnodinium have been detectedin the coastal waters of Schleswig-Holstein within the context of theintensive phytoplankton monitoring(Early Algae Detection System)during the summer months. Thespecies usually appears asvegetative single cells but also 2-cell-chains were observed in thesamples. Data show that thisGymnodinium did not appear before2003 and until now there has beenno records of motile vegetative cellsfrom the water column of otherareas in the Baltic Sea.The reason may be its low cellnumbers but it may also indicaterecent changes of environmentalconditions, which probably promotethe germination of cysts fromsediments.PO.15-31Field plankton observation:equipment and techniquesSession: PO.15 - MonitoringS Hall, SM Conrad, SM Etheridge, JRDeedsFDA, LAUREL, MD, United States ofAmericaA small, hand-held field microscopepermits plankton observations innear real time- a few minutes fromnet tow to observation. This in turnpermits sampling to be directed bywhat one sees, rather than having183
INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF HARMFUL ALGAE12 th <strong>International</strong> <strong>Conference</strong> on Harmful Algae, Copenhagen, Denmark, 4-8 September 2006to wait until samples are returned tothe lab for examination before oneknows what was present in the field.Any of several readily availabledigital still or video cameras can becoupled to the microscope, allowingfield observations to bedocumented. This equipment willbe demonstrated during theconference. Please check thebulletin board for announcements oftimes and locations.PO.14-04Efficacy of three commercialballast water biocides againstvegetative microalgae,dinoflagellate cysts and bacteriaSession: PO.14 - MitigationGM Hallegraeff, MD GreggUniversity of Tasmania, HOBART, AustraliaInclusion within the IMO ShipBallast Water Convention of amicrobial treatment standard hasrekindled interest in chemicalbiocides to combat ballast watermediated aquatic invasions. Weexamined efficacy of threecommercial ballast water biocides,SeaKleen®, Peraclean® Ocean andVibrex®, using vegetativemicroalgae, dinoflagellate cysts andbacteria as test organisms.Peraclean® Ocean could effectivelyinactivate dinocysts ofGymnodinium catenatum,Alexandrium catenella andProtoceratium reticulatum at 400ppm, control bacterial growth at125-250 ppm, and eliminatevegetative dinoflagellate cells at100ppm. It was biodegradablewithin 2-6 weeks. SeaKleen® didnot inactivate cysts of A. catenellaat 5 times recommended dose (10ppm), exhibited poor bactericidalproperties (100-200 ppm required),and poor biodegradability (assessedthrough impact on motility ofvegetative microalgae). Thechlorine dioxide biocide Vibrex® isnot a suitable ballast watertreatment due to the need forhydrochloric acid as activator,however it was the most effectiveagainst bacteria (complete inhibitionat 15 ppm). The performance ofbiocides was adversely influencedby low temperatures (6 vs 17 °C),light vs dark conditions, andincidence of humus and sediments.Routine applicability of activesubstances is limited by concernsas to cost, biological effectiveness,ship crew safety and residualtoxicity of discharged ballast water.PO.10-10Vertical distribution of twopotentially toxic Dinophysisspecies (Dinophyceae) in thenorthern Baltic SeaSession: PO.10 - Ecophysiology &AutecologyHA Hällfors 1 , S Hajdu 2 , H Kuosa 3 , ULarsson 21 Finnish Institute of Marine Research,HELSINKI, Finland2 Stockholm University, STOCKHOLM,Sweden3 University of Helsinki, HELSINKI, FinlandThe potentially toxic dinoflagellatesDinophysis acuminata and D.norvegica are dominant amongDinophysis species in the BalticSea. We investigated their verticaldistributions in the open northernBaltic proper and western Gulf ofFinland. Dinohysis acuminata wasconsiderably more abundant thanD. norvegica, especially in the Gulfof Finland. Dinophysis norvegicawas more frequent and occurred inhigher abundances in the northernBaltic proper. It occurred in anarrower temperature and salinityrange and may need a more stablewater column to develop abundant184
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12th International Conference on Harmful Algae

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