12th International Conference on Harmful Algae

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INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF HARMFUL ALGAE12 th <strong>International</strong> <strong>Conference</strong> on Harmful Algae, Copenhagen, Denmark, 4-8 September 2006occurs during vegetative growth.Size distribution observed in naturalpopulations throughout a 10-yeartime series shows cell lengthranging between 30 and 80 µm.Three sub-populations with sizemodes of ca 60, 45, and 35 µmalternate over the years. Based onsize reduction rates and growthcharacteristics, a model is proposedaimed at reproducing life cyclefeatures and the timing of sexualevents of P. multistriata at sea.O.13-04Asexual and sexual reproductionin Protoperidinium steidingerae(Dinophyceae)Session: O.13 - Life cyclesPresentation time: 10:10 - 10:30Kristin E Gribble 1 , D Wayne Coats 2 ,Donald M Anderson 11 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,WOODS HOLE, MA, United States ofAmerica2 Smithsonian Environ. Research Center,EDGEWATER, MD, United States ofAmericaProtoperidinium is a cosmopolitangenus of heterotrophicdinoflagellates with more than 200species. One species, P. crassipes,has been implicated as the sourceof azaspiracid shellfish toxin. In thisstudy, division, sexuality, mandatorydormancy and germination rates ofhypnozygotes, and identity lifehistorystages were revealed for thefirst time for any Protoperidiniumspp. Asexual division occurred byeleutheroschisis within a temporary,immotile cyst, yielding two daughtercells. Daughter cells were initiallyround and half to two-thirds the sizeof parent cells, then rapidlyincreased in size, forming hornsbefore separating. Sexualreproduction was constitutive inboth non-clonal and clonal cultures,indicating that the species may behomothallic. Gametes wereisogamous, approximately half thesize and lacking the pinkpigmentation of the vegetative cells,and were never observed to feed.Gamete fusion resulted in aplanozygote with two longitudinalflagella. Hypnozygotes had amandatory dormancy period of ca.70 days. Germination resulted inplanomeiocytes with twolongitudinal flagella. Protargolstainedspecimens indicate thatnuclear cyclosis may occur in theplanomeiocyte. Mis-identification ofmorphologically distinct life historystages and incomplete examinationof thecal plate morphology in fieldspecimens of P. steidingerae haveled to taxonomic confusion.O.14-01Physiological stress responsesof Daphnia magna tocyanobacteria and cyanobacterialcompoundsSession: O.14 - Food ChainsPresentation time: 09:10 - 09:30C WiegandLeibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology,BERLIN, GermanyCyanobacteria frequently flourish ineutrophic aquatic systems andseveral species are capable ofproducing toxic secondarymetabolites, such as microcystinswhich specifically inhibitserine/threonine proteinphosphatases, and cyanopeptolinesand micropeptins leading toinhibition of trypsin, andchymotrypsin. Inhibition of grazingseems to be one of the ecologicalfunctions of the cyanobacterialbioactive compounds. With the helpof several mechanisms, the grazingzooplankter Daphnia magna59
INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF HARMFUL ALGAE12 th <strong>International</strong> <strong>Conference</strong> on Harmful Algae, Copenhagen, Denmark, 4-8 September 2006endures living in water bodiesinhabited up to moderate densitiesof cyanobacteria. Amongst these isthe detoxication of microcystins byconjugation to glutathione via theglutathione-S transferases.Furthermore, oxidative stress,caused by cyanobacterialcompounds is reduced due to theactivities of antioxidative enzymes inD. magna (superoxide dismutase,catalase, and glutathioneperoxidase) showing different timekinetics of responses, depending onthe application of either puremicrocystin-LR or cyanobacterialcrude extract. Changes in the totalprotein pattern were revealed using2-D gel electrophoresis, andproteins were analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry andidentified via peptide massfingerprint and additional MS/MSmeasurements. Enhanced inductionof proteins involved in oxygentransport and oxidative metabolismwere observed after exposure tocyanobacterial crude extract,whereas microcystin-LR caused adown regulation of proteinexpression.O.14-02Accumulation and transfer of theamnesic shellfish poisoning toxindomoic acid in the marine foodwebs off the Portuguese coastSession: O.14 - Food ChainsPresentation time: 09:30 - 09:50Pedro Costa 1 , Susana Garrido 1 , RuiRosa 1 , Marina Sequeira 2 , VandaBrotas 3 , Maria Antonio Sampayo 11 IPIMAR, LISBOA, Portugal2 Instituto de Conservação da Natureza,LISBOA, Portugal3 Instituto de Oceanografia, LISBOA,PortugalWhile in North America hundreds ofmarine mammals and sea birdsdied after ingestion of fishcontaminated with domoic acid(DA), in European coastal waterssuch outbreaks have not beendescribed and transfer of DAthrough marine food webs has beenlittle studied. With this work weaimed to study accumulation andtransfer of DA along the marinefood webs off the Portuguese coast.During 2001-2005 both pelagic andbenthic members of the marinefauna were collected for DAdetermination. The toxin wasdetected in two species ofcrustaceans (Polybius henslowiiand Necora puber), sardines(Sardina pilchardus) and six speciesof cephalopods (Octopus vulgaris,Eledone moschata, E. cirrhosa,Sepia officinalis, S. elegans and S.orbignyana). Since the diet of thecommon dolphin (Delphinusdelphis) along the Portuguese coastis primarily dominated by sardinesand cephalopods, tissue samples(kidney and intestine) of strandedmarine mammals were used for DAdetection. However, the analysedsamples did not showcontamination of the top of themarine food web. We present datashowing DA produced by Pseudonitzschiaaustralis that frominteractions in the marine food webreaches several groups of animalswith potential risks to ecosystemstability and human health safety.O.14-03Grazing, prey selectivity andtoxin content of the calanoidcopepods Eurytemora affinis andAcartia bifilosa feeding onDinophysis spp. assemblagesSession: O.14 - Food ChainsPresentation time: 09:50 - 10:10SK Sopanen 1 , OS Setälä 1 , RM Autio 2 ,K Erler 360
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Dear participantWelcome to Denmark
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12th International Conference on Harmful Algae

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