12th International Conference on Harmful Algae

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INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF HARMFUL ALGAE12 th <strong>International</strong> <strong>Conference</strong> on Harmful Algae, Copenhagen, Denmark, 4-8 September 2006phylogenetic analyses based onSSU rRNA genes, Blastodiniumspp. branch with the typical,dinokaryote dinoflagellates. Thistaxonomic position of Blastodiniumspp. is in contrast to currentclassifications in which the orderBlastodiniales is thought torepresent an early evolutionarybranch of the dinokaryote lineage.Species currently included inBlastodiniales are all parasites, butthere is a notable morphologicaldiversity in this order. Moleculardata does not suggest thatmembers of Blastodiniales aremonophyletic or even closelyrelated and, therefore, thetaxonomy of the group should be reevaluated.PO.04-04Copepod grazing on a toxicDinophysis acuta thin-layerbloomSession: PO.04 – Food chainsL Sobrinho-Gonçalves, MT MoitaINIAP-IPIMAR, LISBON, PortugalDuring a subsurface Dinophysisacuta thin layer bloom (max. 24000cells.L -1 ) off the NW coast ofPortugal, we conducted a fieldevaluation of the importance of thisdinoflagellate in the diet of 5copepod species, covering 2 depthstrata. The copepod communityreached a maximum of 17,800ind.m -3 , with an average of 8,000ind. m -3 . The average presence ofD. acuta in the copepods’ digestivecontents was low (0.3 cells.ind -1 )and related to the localdinoflagellate concentration. Onlythe larger copepods, Calanushelgolandicus and mostlyCentropages chierchiae, showedrelevant grazing, although restrictedto locations with more than 9,000cells.L -1 of D. acuta. On thecontrary, the smaller speciesshowed insignificant ingestionvalues, probably due to weakfiltering capacities and/or to activerejection in the presence of othermore edible phytoplankton. Asthese small copepod speciesaccounted for 45% of allmesozooplankton, we canspeculate that, despite the highpotential grazing pressure, the thinlayer bloom of D. acuta was notbeing top-down controlled.Centropages chierchiae showed thehighest ingestion values (max. of 10cells inside one individual),indicating some degree of 'active'feeding on D. acuta associated withits omnivore-raptorial behaviourand/or with a possible immunity tothe toxins.PO.08-23Sodium chloride inducesextracellular PSP toxin releasefrom the cyanobacteriumCylindrospermopsis raciborskiiSession: PO.08 - ToxicologyK Soto 1 , A Murillo 1 , K Stucken 1 , MAMendez 2 , N Lagos 3 , C Garcia 3 , BKrock 4 , A Cembella 4 , M Vasquez 11 Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile,SANTIAGO, Chile2 INTA-Universidad de Chile, SANTIAGO,Chile3 ICBM-Universidad de Chile, SANTIAGO,Chile4 Alfred Wegener Institut, BREMERHAVEN,GermanyThe filamentous cyanobacterium,Cylindrospermopsis raciborskiistrain D9 from freshwater in Brazilproduces PSP toxins - mainlysaxitoxin (STX) and gonyautoxins(GTX2/3), and low amounts ofdcSTX and dcGTX2/3. We analyzedthe effect of NaCl concentration ongrowth and toxin production in strain283
INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF HARMFUL ALGAE12 th <strong>International</strong> <strong>Conference</strong> on Harmful Algae, Copenhagen, Denmark, 4-8 September 2006D9 in comparison with that reportedfor strain T3. Intra- and extracellulartoxins were determined bypost-column derivatization LC withfluorescence detection; structureswere confirmed by LC-MS/MS. Incontrast to strain T3, which isgrowth sensitive to NaCl (10mM),strain D9 grew at NaClconcentrations as high as 17 mM.At this high salt concentration,intracellular toxins levels in strainD9 cells were reduced by 80% and95% for GTX2/3 and STX,respectively, by 36 h, concomitantwith extracellular increase inGTX2/3. Decline in intracellular STXlevel was transient and returned tonormal by 156 h. Extracellular toxinrelease was not associated with celllysis because cell integritydetermined by chlorophyll a contentand cell morphology wasmaintained. These data suggestthat D9 exhibits an active toxinrelease in response to high salinity.Regulation of PSP toxin synthesisand release appears to bedifferentially regulated by strains T3and D9 under salt stress.Fondecyt 1050433; Núcleo MilenioEMBA:PO4/007-F.PO.11-13Diatom effect on dinoflagellategrowthSession: PO.11 - AllelopathyK SpillingFinnish Environment Institute, HELSINKI,FinlandDiatoms release secondarymetabolites, but little is known aboutthe ecological effect of theseexudates. This study wasconducted to test if diatom exudateshave any effect on co-occurringdinoflagellates. For this purposegrowth and primary production of:Peridiniella catenata, Scrippsiellahangoei and Woloszynskiahalophila were determined infiltrates (0.2µm and 2.0µm) ofdiatom cultures and aged,autoclavated seawater. The growthof P. catenata and W. halophila wassignificantly reduced in filtrates ofdiatom cultures compared with agedseawater; S. hangoei, on the otherhand, had increased growth rate indiatom filtrates. The response wasgenerally greater in the 2.0µmfiltrate compared with the 0.2µmfiltrate. The instantaneous primaryproduction was, however, notaffected by the origin of the growthmedia. The results indicate thatdiatom exudates do affect thegrowth of the studieddinoflagellates. This effect is notdue to immediate change in shortterm primary productivity but ratheraffects other growth regulatingmechanisms.PO.01-02Dinoflagellate cysts from NewZealand ports and harbours, withemphasis on the distribution ofharmful and potential invasivespeciesSession: PO.01 - GeneticsR Stewart, FH ChangNational Inst. of Water & Atmosph. Res.,WELLINGTON, New ZealandOver the period 2003-2005, 179sediment samples, collected fromfourteen New Zealand ports andharbours, were analysed. Thesamples were part of a large-scalebaseline survey for the NZ Ministryof Agriculture & Forestry,Biosecurity New Zealand. Morethan twenty distinct cyst types,representing nine dinoflagellategenera, were identified. Thenumber of cyst types from individual284
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INTERNATIONAL SOCIETYFOR THE STUDY
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12th International Conference on Harmful Algae

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