B2B Integration : A Practical Guide to Collaborative E-commerce

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Middleware Technologies 215 The various types and classes of middleware are extensive and cannot be covered completely in one chapter. Therefore, this chapter provides an overview of the most popular middleware technologies, including: • Transaction Oriented Middleware; • Message Oriented Middleware; and • Distributed Objects and Components. Transaction Oriented Middleware — This middleware technology includes transaction processing (TP) monitors and transactional-based application servers. TP monitors were the first true middleware application servers. A transaction processing (TP) monitor is middleware that manages transactions, processes, or applications from multiple clients across multiple servers. Generally, these transactions are carried out on database servers but can also be process-based. Some functions performed by TP monitors include prioritization, resource funneling, connection pooling, highavailability and load balancing. TP monitors are mature, stable, battletested middleware solutions. IBM's CICS is a TP monitor which has been around since the 1960s. Message Oriented Middleware (MOM) — MOM is an integration model that connects applications running on different systems by sending and receiving application data as messages. The application data is combined with a header (information about the data) to form a message. MOM is an asynchronous model providing a loosely coupled communication between the client and server. There are two primary MOM frameworks: point-to-point and hub-and-spoke (brokering). The emergence of the hub-and-spoke model of message brokering offers substantial benefits over the traditional point-to-point model message queue. Distributed Objects and Components — This middleware technology allows objects and components, distributed throughout servers within an enterprise, to interoperate and share functionality. Client objects and components invoke the public methods of server objects and components providing business method level integration.
216 B2B Integration — A Practical Guide to Collaborative E-commerce Distributed object technology is very well suited for heterogeneous systems and architectures which exist in most organizations. Distributed objects encapsulate the business logic and data within objects, allowing them to be located anywhere within a distributed system. Objects can be linked together in a plug-and-play manner to interoperate across networks. These three middleware solutions provide the foundation for today's enterprise middleware frameworks. Middleware technologies are converging and morphing into middleware frameworks, which can manage the integration needs of an entire enterprise. Throughout this chapter, you will see words such as 'convergence', 'morphing' and 'framework' mentioned repeatedly. 8.2. Transaction Processing (TP) Monitors To understand transaction processing monitors, one must first understand a transaction. A transaction is defined as the execution of a unit of work that either succeeds or fails as a whole. If one part of the transaction were to fail, the entire transaction would rollback to its initial state. Transactions are usually associated with database transactional methods. A transaction begins with a 'Begin Transaction' and ends with either a 'Commit Transaction' if successful or a 'Rollback Transaction' if there is an error. Transactions are always an all-ornothing proposition. A transaction becomes the fundamental unit of recovery, consistency and concurrency in a distributed environment. A transaction is a collection of actions that must also maintain its ACID properties. ACID stands for: Atomicity — A transaction is an indivisible unit of work. It will succeed or fail as a whole. If a transaction fails, all the steps will be rolled back to the initial state. Otherwise, the entire transaction will be saved (committed). Consistency — After a transaction executes, it must leave the system in a correct state or it must abort. If it cannot achieve a consistent state, it must rollback to its initial condition.
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Chapter 2 Components, Benefits, Cha
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Chapter 4 Enterprise Application In
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Chapter "] 2 Wireless Technologies
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Company Brience Everypath GadgetSpa
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