B2B Integration : A Practical Guide to Collaborative E-commerce

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Middleware Technologies 235 Each framework is a book in itself. Some aspects of these frameworks, such as MOM (MSMQ and JMS), have been previously touched upon in this chapter due to their ever-increasing importance in distributed systems. For the purpose of brevity, this section will focus on the distributed object/component element of each framework. 8.4.3. OMA — CORBA 3 The common object request broker architecture, or CORBA, was the first successful distributed architecture protocol to be developed. CORBA is a distributed object/component technology that is platform and language independent and allows remote object creation and remote object method invocation. OMA architecture CORBA is a protocol based on the object management architecture (OMA) developed by the OMG. The OMG is a consortium formed in 1989 to define the standards and protocols required for distributed object systems in heterogeneous environments. OMG's objective is the definition of the OMA, which includes four sets of standards: the Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA), Common Object Services Specification (COSS), Common Facilities and Application Objects. Unlike the COM and EJB protocols, the CORBA and OMA protocols are developed by a consortium which helps ensure that the final specification is product or technology independent. In 1992, OMG first approved the CORBA protocol that defined the services to be provided by an Object Request Broker (ORB). The ORB is at the heart of CORBA and ORB provides a mechanism for transparently communicating between client requests, target objects and other ORBs. The ORB simplifies distributed programming by decoupling the client from the details of the method invocations. This makes client's requests appear to be local procedure calls, when in fact the ORB is operating on a remote server (see Figure 8.7). When a client invokes an operation, the ORB is responsible for finding the object implementation, transparently activating it if necessary, delivering the request to the object and returning any response to the caller.
236 B2B Integration — A Practical Guide to Collaborative E-commerce Client Machine Server Machine •" V) Client Application • User Code Function Call Stub Code Request ORB Code J HOP Message Server Application r \ User /CORB^X Code ' v v bje 5yf Function Call Skeleton Code * Function Call ORB Code v *y Figure 8.7. — Client application invoking a remote CORBA object function This decoupling takes place through the use of an Interface Definition Language (IDL). The IDL separates the object's interface from its implementation. The parameters that are used with the object interface and the named operations that the object can perform are described with the IDL. Most ORBs implement the CORBA Internet Inter-ORB Protocol (HOP), which runs over TCP/IP. This protocol is designed to provide efficient interoperability between ORB applications. The OMA architecture categorizes objects into four categories: 1. CORBA Services; 2. Horizontal CORBA Facilities; 3. Domain (Vertical) CORBA Facilities; and 4. Application Objects. CORBA services These are base services that are used by many distributed object programs. They provide the equivalent of system-level services to
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Chapter 2 Components, Benefits, Cha
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Chapter 4 Enterprise Application In
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Chapter "] 2 Wireless Technologies
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Company Brience Everypath GadgetSpa
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