Air Power, Insurgency and the âWar on Terrorâ - Prof. Joel Hayward's ...

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Techniques <strong>and</strong> Gadgets, Hearts <strong>and</strong> Minds: An Analysis of Operation Ranch H<strong>and</strong> unacceptably high price for any counter-insurgency effort. A central problem for <strong>the</strong> Kennedy Administration, <strong>and</strong> one that <strong>the</strong>y did not successfully address, was that <strong>the</strong> military forces <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> civilian populations affected by Ranch H<strong>and</strong> were not all part of <strong>the</strong> enemy apparatus. Fur<strong>the</strong>rmore, enemy forces <strong>and</strong> civilians were so closely interwoven that <strong>the</strong> US was ultimately unsuccessful in disentangling <strong>the</strong>m. Hilsman quotes one unnamed counter-insurgency expert: “<strong>the</strong> best weapon for fighting guerrillas is a knife, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> worst was a bomber.” 284 James Corum <strong>and</strong> Wray Johnson agree; <strong>the</strong>y stress that “The final political goal is always paramount. … The heavy-h<strong>and</strong>ed application of military force might lead to a short-term military advantage yet prove to be counterproductive in <strong>the</strong> long run if military action turns popular support against <strong>the</strong> government.” 285 Decimating <strong>the</strong> forests <strong>and</strong> cropl<strong>and</strong>s of South Vietnam may have hampered <strong>the</strong> capabilities of <strong>the</strong> NLF, but <strong>the</strong> hostility <strong>the</strong> operation generated likely offset any short-term gains <strong>the</strong> US may have received. <strong>Air</strong> power doctrine must not be limited to conventional wars between industrialised states. 286 The US will be required to choose again whe<strong>the</strong>r or not to use herbicides as part of a given counter-insurgency effort. Future counter-insurgency campaigns using weapons such as defoliant should be undertaken with great care. Spraying Afghan poppy fields <strong>and</strong> inadvertently damaging or destroying a wheat field, for example, might on <strong>the</strong> whole do more harm than good to US efforts at drug interdiction. 287 Allying with local residents to destroy <strong>the</strong> fields on <strong>the</strong> ground might be more time-consuming <strong>and</strong> dangerous but would greatly reduce <strong>the</strong> chances of coercion actually creating more enemies. The potential side effects, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> limited effectiveness of Operation Ranch H<strong>and</strong> when used to coerce <strong>the</strong> NLF, should be central to <strong>the</strong> discussion when policymakers debate this decision. . . . . . The author would like to thank David Morris, Karl Mueller, David Painter, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> staff of <strong>the</strong> John F. Kennedy Presidential Library for <strong>the</strong>ir assistance. 126 <strong>Air</strong> <strong>Power</strong>, <strong>Insurgency</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> “War on Terror”
Chapter 8 Chapter 8 Night of <strong>the</strong> Flying Hooligans: Soviet Army Aviation <strong>and</strong> <strong>Air</strong> Force Operations during <strong>the</strong> War in Afghanistan 1979-1989 Thomas Withington <strong>Air</strong> <strong>Power</strong>, <strong>Insurgency</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> “War on Terror” 127
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