Air Power, Insurgency and the “War on Terror” - Prof. Joel Hayward's ...

Notes <strong>and</strong> Sources
184. Report of <strong>Air</strong> Mission, 21 November 1928; NARA, R G 127, E 220, Box 2, Folder:
816 (5), <strong>Air</strong> Service Reports. This is <strong>the</strong> same Remongon which <strong>the</strong> Marines had
burned <strong>and</strong> made “uninhabitable” in April 1928 <strong>and</strong> which <strong>the</strong>y had
repeatedly bombed.
185. “Report of <strong>Air</strong> Mission,” 3 March 1928. NARA, RG 127, E 220, Box 2: Folder 816(1)
“<strong>Air</strong> Service Reports”. Concordia had a population of a little over 300.
186. R-2 Report, 12 February 1929. NARA, R G 127, E 209, Intelligence Reports, 1929.
p.187. 1993: pp. 464, 459.
188. Rowell, “<strong>Air</strong>craft in Bush Warfare,” Marine Corps Gazette, September 1929, p. 181.
In 1928 <strong>the</strong> Marine Comm<strong>and</strong>er actually made a formal request for <strong>the</strong> approval
of “tear gas bombs” which “would produce tremendous results toward absolutely
clearing up <strong>the</strong> so-called ‘B<strong>and</strong>it Situation’” The Acting Secretary of <strong>the</strong> Navy, C F
Hughes, refused permission.(NARA, DOS 817.00/5890).
189. Great Nor<strong>the</strong>rn News, 5 October 1930, Folder: Coppage, A.O., Personal Papers,
USMCHC.
190. Macaulay, p. 116.
191. Patrol Report, Captain Arthur C Small, 14 December 1931; NARA, R G 127, E 202,
Folder: 57.0, Patrol Reports 1931.
192. Personal interview with José Eulogio Espinales López , 14 August 1990.
193. The Instituto de Estudio de S<strong>and</strong>inismo (IES) conducted over 100 interviews in
<strong>the</strong> early 1980s. The Instituto de Estudio de S<strong>and</strong>inismo changed its name in 1990
to <strong>the</strong> Instituto de Historia de Nicaragua. Since <strong>the</strong> research was conducted <strong>and</strong>
published under <strong>the</strong> old name of <strong>the</strong> Instituto de Estudio de S<strong>and</strong>inismo, I will
continue to use that name for this chapter. Cassette # 065, pp. 1-2.
194. For an expansion on this argument see Grossman, 1996.
195. Most Marine historians now agree with this assessment that <strong>the</strong> war ended in a
stalemate. See Moore, p. 34.
196. Grossman, “The Hero Never Dies: Augusto S<strong>and</strong>ino of Nicaragua”.
<strong>Air</strong> <strong>Power</strong>, <strong>Insurgency</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> “War on Terror” 271