Asking Questions - The Definitive Guide To Questionnaire Design ...

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Chapter Four Asking Questions About Attitudes and Behavioral Intentions Setting out rules for formulating questions about attitudes is more difficult than for behavioral questions because questions about attitudes have no “true” answer. By this we mean that attitudes are subjective states that cannot, even in principle, be observed externally. Attitudes exist only in a person’s mind. They can be consistent or inconsistent, clear or unclear, but they cannot be said to be true or false. Thus, in studying the effects of different wordings and different contexts on answers to attitude questions, we have no external standard with which to validate different forms of questions. We must rely on observing how answers may be affected by different factors. Researchers must decide for themselves which form of question is best for their purpose. In this chapter we introduce the principal factors that challenge question writers, and we suggest reasonable solutions. The best advice we can offer those starting out is to borrow (with credit) questions that have already been used successfully. By borrowing questions, you can spare yourself much agony over the formulation of the questions and extensive pretesting. If the questions have been used frequently before, most of the bugs will have been ironed out of them. Also, if the questions have been used on population samples similar to the one in which you are interested, you get the advantage of comparative data. Replication is greatly encouraged, but make sure that the attitude question you borrow is about the attitude you want to study and not about something different. 117
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Asking Questions The Definitive Gui
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Norman M. Bradburn Seymour Sudman B
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Copyright © 2004 by John Wiley & S
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viii CONTENTS 12. Asking Questions
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Preface This book is a revised and
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PREFACE xiii trate some of the subt
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The Authors Norman M. Bradburn (Ph.
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Asking Questions
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Chapter One The Social Context of Q
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THE SOCIAL CONTEXT OF QUESTION ASKI
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Chapter Two Asking Nonthreatening Q
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ASKING NONTHREATENING QUESTIONS ABO
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Figure 2.4. Household Health Diary.
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Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census,
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166 ASKING QUESTIONS Figure 5.2. Nu
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168 ASKING QUESTIONS they think are
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170 ASKING QUESTIONS Figure 5.5. Pa
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172 ASKING QUESTIONS Figure 5.6. Tw
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174 ASKING QUESTIONS Pictures The a
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176 ASKING QUESTIONS that the event
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Chapter Six Asking Questions that M
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ASKING QUESTIONS THAT MEASURE KNOWL
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214 ASKING QUESTIONS 2. Behaviorall
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216 ASKING QUESTIONS 6. At regular
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Figure 7.1. Comparison of Methods f
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220 ASKING QUESTIONS Figure 7.2. Be
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222 ASKING QUESTIONS In the end, th
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224 ASKING QUESTIONS Figure 7.4. Ex
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226 ASKING QUESTIONS Figure 7.5. Il
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228 ASKING QUESTIONS For appraisal
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230 ASKING QUESTIONS Figure 7.6. Il
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232 ASKING QUESTIONS Figure 7.7. Ev
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234 ASKING QUESTIONS for instance,
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236 ASKING QUESTIONS have questions
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238 ASKING QUESTIONS Figure 7.8. Te
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240 ASKING QUESTIONS Finally, the a
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Chapter Eight Asking Psychographic
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ASKING PSYCHOGRAPHIC QUESTIONS 245
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262 ASKING QUESTIONS It is best to
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264 ASKING QUESTIONS person or one
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266 ASKING QUESTIONS use five- or t
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268 ASKING QUESTIONS Asking About M
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270 ASKING QUESTIONS Asking About E
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272 ASKING QUESTIONS employed. Ques
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274 ASKING QUESTIONS 3a. Did you re
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276 ASKING QUESTIONS g. Was it less
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278 ASKING QUESTIONS Protestant C
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Part Three Drafting and Crafting th
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284 ASKING QUESTIONS simultaneously
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286 ASKING QUESTIONS and data proce
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288 ASKING QUESTIONS C. During the
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290 ASKING QUESTIONS which it is to
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292 ASKING QUESTIONS Single Questio
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294 ASKING QUESTIONS If you are usi
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296 ASKING QUESTIONS of questions b
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298 ASKING QUESTIONS shown on the s
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300 ASKING QUESTIONS larger studies
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302 ASKING QUESTIONS CASES was deve
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304 ASKING QUESTIONS long histories
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306 ASKING QUESTIONS complete the s
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308 ASKING QUESTIONS hopes of makin
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310 ASKING QUESTIONS several supple
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Table 10.1. Advantages and Disadvan
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314 ASKING QUESTIONS accustomed to
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316 ASKING QUESTIONS 4. Put the que
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318 ASKING QUESTIONS in ways that s
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320 ASKING QUESTIONS That is, if a
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322 ASKING QUESTIONS debrief the in
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324 ASKING QUESTIONS To help define
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326 ASKING QUESTIONS The purpose of
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328 ASKING QUESTIONS Since almost a
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330 ASKING QUESTIONS discussion as
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332 ASKING QUESTIONS How Should the
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Bibliography and Recommended Readin
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BIBLIOGRAPHY AND RECOMMENDED READIN
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Glossary aided-recall procedures Me
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GLOSSARY 349 in terms of one end of
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GLOSSARY 351 context of questionnai
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GLOSSARY 353 or what the column ref
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GLOSSARY 355 most respondents have
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GLOSSARY 357 knowledgeable. Some of
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GLOSSARY 359 the respondent may be
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GLOSSARY 361 is most often used to
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GLOSSARY 363 should increase in the
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GLOSSARY 365 idation also has the s
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368 INDEX Belson, W. A., 64, 101, 1
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370 INDEX Hispanics, 266 Hochstim,
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372 INDEX Park, S., 254, 256, 257,
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374 INDEX Teacher and instructor ra
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376 APPENDIX A Alabama Institute fo
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378 APPENDIX A Library Building, #5
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380 APPENDIX A E-mail: srcsurv@csuc
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382 APPENDIX A Survey Research Labo
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384 APPENDIX A 5835 S. Kimbark Ave.
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386 APPENDIX A Social Science Insti
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388 APPENDIX A Louisiana Survey Res
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390 APPENDIX A Communication Resear
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392 APPENDIX A Mississippi Survey R
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394 APPENDIX A Fax: 603-862-1488 E-
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396 APPENDIX A Fax: 212-305-6832 E-
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398 APPENDIX A Fax: 919-962-4777 E-
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400 APPENDIX A Oklahoma Bureau for
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402 APPENDIX A Rhode Island A. Alfr
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404 APPENDIX A Earl Survey Research
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406 APPENDIX A P.O. Box 400767 2205
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408 APPENDIX A Wyoming Survey Resea
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Appendix B Illinois Liquor Control
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APPENDIX B 413 11. On the days when
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APPENDIX B 415 d. In the past 30 da
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Appendix C Faculty Retention Survey
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Not at all Not too Somewhat Very Ex
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3. University Facilities/Services/R
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5. Individual Considerations Import
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426 APPENDIX D You are a valued cus
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