Asking Questions - The Definitive Guide To Questionnaire Design ...

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294 ASKING QUESTIONS If you are using existing scales developed by other researchers, the same format should be retained in the version seen or used by the respondent, since changing the format may change response distributions. <strong>The</strong> format of the interviewer questionnaire need not be identical to what the respondent sees. On a card, verbal responses would usually be listed vertically as follows: Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree If several successive questions use exactly the same answer categories, you can save space on paper questionnaires by listing the answers across. Interviewers and most respondents seem to have no trouble with this format. This is not necessary for computer-assisted surveys, where space is not an issue. Thank You Researchers are fortunate that most people are still willing to donate their time and energy to taking surveys. <strong>The</strong>se respondents deserve to have the process made interesting and enjoyable to them, and they also deserve a sincere “thank you” at the end of the interview. This would be automatic for most interviewers, but it is best to end each questionnaire with a printed thank you. In some cases additional degrees of personalization are appreciated, such as by graphically reproducing the first-name signatures of a number of people on the research team. Following the interview, it is also appropriate for respondents who want additional information on the type of studies being done to be directed to a Web site that gives more general information. In academic-sponsored research, offering respondents the follow-up
ORGANIZING AND DESIGNING QUESTIONNAIRES 295 ability to learn more about the research (or similar types of research) has been well received by Institutional Review Boards. Computer-Assisted Interviewing Researchers unfamiliar with computer-assisted interviewing may wonder why this methodology has gained such rapid and widespread use. We first discuss the capabilities of computer-assisted systems, then discuss how computers change the questionnaire design process. We shall be using the following widely accepted abbreviations for various kinds of computer-assisted interviewing: CATI CAPI CASI computer-assisted telephone interviewing computer-assisted personal interviewing (face-to-face) computer-assisted self-administered interviewing Capabilities of Computer-Assisted Interviewing Methods Computer-assisted interviewing methods have been growing in popularity for a number of reasons, including: (1) ease of interviewee response that doesn’t depend on an interviewer; (2) improved quality of responses through elimination of skip errors; (3) elimination of interviewer bias; (4) shorter turn-around times; (5) simple integration of images, sound, and video; and (6) automatic data entry. Perhaps the most welcome benefit of computers during interviews is that they eliminate clerical errors caused by interviewers during the stress of the interview. Concern for interviewer errors is a function of the complexity of the interview and the memory effort required by the interviewers at various points of the interview. Specifically setting up skip protocols is something the computer can do very well. Skip Instructions. As discussed in the previous chapter, many surveys have significant amounts of branching with a question or series
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Asking Questions The Definitive Gui
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Norman M. Bradburn Seymour Sudman B
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Copyright © 2004 by John Wiley & S
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viii CONTENTS 12. Asking Questions
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Preface This book is a revised and
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PREFACE xiii trate some of the subt
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The Authors Norman M. Bradburn (Ph.
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Asking Questions
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Chapter One The Social Context of Q
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THE SOCIAL CONTEXT OF QUESTION ASKI
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Chapter Two Asking Nonthreatening Q
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ASKING NONTHREATENING QUESTIONS ABO
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Figure 2.4. Household Health Diary.
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Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census,
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80 ASKING QUESTIONS e. The Sealed B
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82 ASKING QUESTIONS asking about te
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84 ASKING QUESTIONS Figure 3.2. Que
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86 ASKING QUESTIONS into a car, mig
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88 ASKING QUESTIONS relationship be
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90 ASKING QUESTIONS from 55 percent
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92 ASKING QUESTIONS Illegal Drug Us
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94 ASKING QUESTIONS drinkers—may.
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100 ASKING QUESTIONS It must be rec
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102 ASKING QUESTIONS To illustrate
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104 ASKING QUESTIONS This applies t
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106 ASKING QUESTIONS When some resp
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108 ASKING QUESTIONS drinking quest
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110 ASKING QUESTIONS them less thre
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112 ASKING QUESTIONS Determining th
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114 ASKING QUESTIONS carefully for
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Chapter Four Asking Questions About
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ASKING QUESTIONS ABOUT ATTITUDES AN
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Chapter Five Asking and Recording O
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ASKING AND RECORDING QUESTIONS 153
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180 ASKING QUESTIONS 2. Consider wh
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182 ASKING QUESTIONS Figure 6.2. Qu
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184 ASKING QUESTIONS Specific knowl
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186 ASKING QUESTIONS question. Anot
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192 ASKING QUESTIONS Resident Infor
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194 ASKING QUESTIONS It must be rec
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196 ASKING QUESTIONS Figure 6.10. Q
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198 ASKING QUESTIONS Figure 6.11. S
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200 ASKING QUESTIONS Figure 6.11. S
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202 ASKING QUESTIONS question indic
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204 ASKING QUESTIONS state or count
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206 ASKING QUESTIONS respondents wi
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208 ASKING QUESTIONS answers, most
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210 ASKING QUESTIONS on the Web sin
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Chapter Seven Asking Questions that
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ASKING QUESTIONS THAT EVALUATE PERF
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• Depends heavily on employee’s
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Page 345 and 346: ASKING QUESTIONS FAQS 325 tain you
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344 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND RECOMMENDED RE
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346 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND RECOMMENDED RE
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348 GLOSSARY object. The term belie
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350 GLOSSARY are entered directly i
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352 GLOSSARY the sex of the respond
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354 GLOSSARY of an IBM card is a on
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356 GLOSSARY individual difference
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358 GLOSSARY overreporting, underre
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360 GLOSSARY because of illness or
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362 GLOSSARY response effect A gene
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364 GLOSSARY questionnaires list th
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Index A Ability, measuring, 197-202
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INDEX 369 Denver, 86; Community che
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INDEX 371 Library card ownership, 8
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INDEX 373 preferences, 167-168; thr
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Appendix A List of Academic and Not
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APPENDIX A 377 Phoenix, AZ 85003-17
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APPENDIX A 379 Fax: 310-206-4453 E-
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APPENDIX A 381 800 Florida Ave., N.
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APPENDIX A 383 E-mail: jbason@arche
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APPENDIX A 385 Phone: 312-996-5300
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APPENDIX A 387 Phone: 785-532-5510
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APPENDIX A 389 Center for the Study
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APPENDIX A 391 Ann Arbor, MI 48106-
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APPENDIX A 393 731 Oldfather Hall L
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APPENDIX A 395 New York Marist Coll
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APPENDIX A 397 Cornell University I
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APPENDIX A 399 225 South Main St. A
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APPENDIX A 401 121 University Pl. P
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APPENDIX A 403 South Dakota Busines
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APPENDIX A 405 Public Policy Resear
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APPENDIX A 407 E-mail: sesrc@wsu.ed
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APPENDIX A 409 England National Cen
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412 APPENDIX B PLEASE CIRCLE ONE CO
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414 APPENDIX B 14. Who purchased th
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416 APPENDIX B 23. What racial/ethn
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Faculty Retention Survey December 2
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2. Professional Life Important to y
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4. Environment Important to you Imp
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Appendix D Kinko’s: Open-ended Se
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