Asking Questions - The Definitive Guide To Questionnaire Design ...

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354 GLOSSARY of an IBM card is a one-column field; hence, more than one column will be required to store a two-digit number. If year of birth is recorded in columns 20–23 of deck 10, columns 20–23 of that deck are the “age field.” (See also deck, precolumning.) field coding The coding of open questions by interviewers during the interview. In a field-coded question, the question itself usually is identical to that of an open-answer format. Instead of a blank space for the interviewer to record the respondent’s answer verbatim, a set of codes is printed. Interviewers simply check each topic that is mentioned. Field coding should be avoided unless the interviewer records the verbatim response as well, so that the field coding can be checked when the questionnaire is processed. filter questions Questions asked to determine which subsequent questions (if any) will be asked. forced-choice questions Questions that require the respondent to choose one alternative among several—even though the respondent might not “like” any of the alternatives. Respondents are usually asked to choose the alternative that is closest to their views, even though no alternative may exactly express their opinion. form effect A term used to refer to the effect the question’s format has on the distribution of responses to questions. For example, differences in response distributions may be caused by use of openended instead of closed-ended questions. free-response format A format that asks respondents to answer questions in their own words, in which interviewers record the answers verbatim. funneling procedures and inverted funnels Funneling procedures refer to the ordering of questions in a questionnaire so that the most general or unrestricted questions in an area are asked first and are then followed by successively more restricted questions. The major purpose of the funneling sequence is to prevent early questions from providing cues that influence later questions. It is assumed that
GLOSSARY 355 most respondents have opinions on the issues and can answer the general questions. If most respondents have not formulated opinions in advance, inverted funnels, which ask the specific questions first, may be used. The inversion eliminates the basic advantage of funneling but helps the respondent consider various aspects of a topic before requiring a general opinion. General Social Survey (GSS) An omnibus nationwide survey conducted by NORC since 1972. It covers a wide variety of topics of interest to social scientists. The data from these surveys are publicly available through the Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research at the University of Michigan and are widely used for teaching and research purposes. A codebook giving question wording and response distributions for each year in which the questions were asked is available on line (www.icpsr.umich.edu/GSS/). group interviews Self-administered questionnaires where a single interviewer provides instructions and may present visual material to multiple respondents in a school classroom, a work place, or some other central location. Interviews with several members of a household would not normally be considered group interviews. The term may also be used to describe focus group interviews, interviews in which six to fifteen people are brought together for a group discussion about a selected topic under the direction of a discussion leader. (See also self-administered questionnaires.) household (or family) composition, household enumeration or listing As most often used, household composition refers to information about the number of household members, their ages, sexes, and relation to one another. This information is obtained from a household enumeration or listing. Initials (or the first names) of household members are usually obtained so that specific questions can be asked about each member individually or so that one or more household members can be selected for further interviewing. A household may consist of only one person or of unrelated individuals. A family consists of two or more related individuals.
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Asking Questions The Definitive Gui
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Norman M. Bradburn Seymour Sudman B
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Copyright © 2004 by John Wiley & S
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viii CONTENTS 12. Asking Questions
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Preface This book is a revised and
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PREFACE xiii trate some of the subt
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The Authors Norman M. Bradburn (Ph.
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Asking Questions
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Chapter One The Social Context of Q
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THE SOCIAL CONTEXT OF QUESTION ASKI
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Chapter Two Asking Nonthreatening Q
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ASKING NONTHREATENING QUESTIONS ABO
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Figure 2.4. Household Health Diary.
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Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census,
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80 ASKING QUESTIONS e. The Sealed B
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82 ASKING QUESTIONS asking about te
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84 ASKING QUESTIONS Figure 3.2. Que
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86 ASKING QUESTIONS into a car, mig
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88 ASKING QUESTIONS relationship be
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90 ASKING QUESTIONS from 55 percent
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92 ASKING QUESTIONS Illegal Drug Us
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94 ASKING QUESTIONS drinkers—may.
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100 ASKING QUESTIONS It must be rec
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102 ASKING QUESTIONS To illustrate
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104 ASKING QUESTIONS This applies t
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106 ASKING QUESTIONS When some resp
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108 ASKING QUESTIONS drinking quest
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110 ASKING QUESTIONS them less thre
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112 ASKING QUESTIONS Determining th
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114 ASKING QUESTIONS carefully for
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Chapter Four Asking Questions About
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ASKING QUESTIONS ABOUT ATTITUDES AN
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Chapter Five Asking and Recording O
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ASKING AND RECORDING QUESTIONS 153
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180 ASKING QUESTIONS 2. Consider wh
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182 ASKING QUESTIONS Figure 6.2. Qu
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184 ASKING QUESTIONS Specific knowl
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186 ASKING QUESTIONS question. Anot
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192 ASKING QUESTIONS Resident Infor
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194 ASKING QUESTIONS It must be rec
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196 ASKING QUESTIONS Figure 6.10. Q
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198 ASKING QUESTIONS Figure 6.11. S
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200 ASKING QUESTIONS Figure 6.11. S
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202 ASKING QUESTIONS question indic
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204 ASKING QUESTIONS state or count
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206 ASKING QUESTIONS respondents wi
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208 ASKING QUESTIONS answers, most
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210 ASKING QUESTIONS on the Web sin
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Chapter Seven Asking Questions that
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ASKING QUESTIONS THAT EVALUATE PERF
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• Depends heavily on employee’s
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244 ASKING QUESTIONS make a particu
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246 ASKING QUESTIONS on demographic
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248 ASKING QUESTIONS Table 8.1. Eig
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250 ASKING QUESTIONS domain and rel
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252 ASKING QUESTIONS Seven Steps to
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254 ASKING QUESTIONS the frequency
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256 ASKING QUESTIONS The fourth ste
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258 ASKING QUESTIONS empty cells. I
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Chapter Nine Asking Standard Demogr
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ASKING STANDARD DEMOGRAPHIC QUESTIO
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Chapter Ten Organizing and Designin
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ORGANIZING AND DESIGNING QUESTIONNA
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Page 323 and 324: ORGANIZING AND DESIGNING QUESTIONNA
Page 333 and 334: Fill- Ins Easily done with a Possib
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Page 337 and 338: QUESTIONNAIRES FROM START TO FINISH
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Page 345 and 346: ASKING QUESTIONS FAQS 325 tain you
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Page 349 and 350: ASKING QUESTIONS FAQS 329 Ranking q
Page 351 and 352: ASKING QUESTIONS FAQS 331 guish bet
Page 353: ASKING QUESTIONS FAQS 333 activitie
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Page 372 and 373: 352 GLOSSARY the sex of the respond
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Page 378 and 379: 358 GLOSSARY overreporting, underre
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Page 382 and 383: 362 GLOSSARY response effect A gene
Page 384 and 385: 364 GLOSSARY questionnaires list th
Page 387 and 388: Index A Ability, measuring, 197-202
Page 389 and 390: INDEX 369 Denver, 86; Community che
Page 391 and 392: INDEX 371 Library card ownership, 8
Page 393 and 394: INDEX 373 preferences, 167-168; thr
Page 395 and 396: Appendix A List of Academic and Not
Page 397 and 398: APPENDIX A 377 Phoenix, AZ 85003-17
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Page 405 and 406: APPENDIX A 385 Phone: 312-996-5300
Page 407 and 408: APPENDIX A 387 Phone: 785-532-5510
Page 409 and 410: APPENDIX A 389 Center for the Study
Page 411 and 412: APPENDIX A 391 Ann Arbor, MI 48106-
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Page 415 and 416: APPENDIX A 395 New York Marist Coll
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APPENDIX A 405 Public Policy Resear
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APPENDIX A 407 E-mail: sesrc@wsu.ed
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APPENDIX A 409 England National Cen
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412 APPENDIX B PLEASE CIRCLE ONE CO
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414 APPENDIX B 14. Who purchased th
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416 APPENDIX B 23. What racial/ethn
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Faculty Retention Survey December 2
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2. Professional Life Important to y
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4. Environment Important to you Imp
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Appendix D Kinko’s: Open-ended Se
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