Asking Questions - The Definitive Guide To Questionnaire Design ...

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316 ASKING QUESTIONS 4. Put the questions in sequence. 5. Format the questionnaire. 6. Precode the possible responses. 7. Use pretest interviews and solicit peer feedback of draft questionnaires. 8. Revise the draft and test the revised questionnaire on yourself, friends, or coworkers. 9. Prepare simple interviewer instructions for pilot testing; revise questionnaire if the instruction writing or interviewer training uncovers any problems. 10. Pilot-test on a small sample of respondents (twenty to fifty) similar to the universe from which you are sampling. 11. Obtain comments from interviewers and respondents in writing or at interviewer debriefings. 12. Eliminate questions that do not discriminate between respondents or that do not appear to provide the specific kind of information required. 13. Revise questions that cause difficulty. 14. Pilot-test again if revisions are substantial. 15. Prepare final interviewer instructions; revise questionnaire if the instruction writing uncovers any problems. 16. During interviewer training and initial interviewing, be alert for possible new problems; in very serious cases, interviewing may need to be stopped until new instructions can be issued to interviewers. 17. After interviewing is completed, analyze interviewer report forms and debrief interviewers and coders to determine whether there were any problems that would affect analysis. 18. Use the experience gained on one questionnaire for future planning.
QUESTIONNAIRES FROM START TO FINISH 317 <strong>The</strong> Testing Procedure Of the eighteen-step process we have listed, the first six steps were discussed earlier in this book. Yet possessing scientific knowledge of the survey-design process is only the first step in being able to design a successful questionnaire. Ultimately, every questionnaire must be tested and refined under real-world conditions. Testing takes the form of pretest interviews and of soliciting peer feedback of draft questionnaires (step 7). Conducting Pretest Interviews Even after years of experience, no expert can write a perfect questionnaire. Among the three authors, we have more than one hundred years of experience in questionnaire construction, and we have never written a perfect questionnaire on the first or second draft, nor do we know any professional social scientists who claim they can write questionnaires that need no revision. We do, however, know many beginners who have spent all of their limited resources sending out a first draft of a questionnaire, only to dishearteningly discover that some key questions were misunderstood and not answered in a usable way. It is even more important for researchers with limited resources to pilot-test their questionnaires before spending all their money. If you do not have the resources to pilottest your questionnaire, don’t do the study. At least pretest your questionnaire with ten to twelve colleagues or (better yet) with representatives from the population you will be surveying. Such a pretest will help you determine if the questionnaire is gathering the data you need and whether it is convenient and clear for respondents to fill out. Additionally, a pretest will often suggest problems you were unaware of, and it can help you avoid costly mistakes. Ask respondents if the questions were straightforward and whether the format made logical sense. In reviewing the answers to the questionnaire, you will get a good idea if people are responding
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Asking Questions The Definitive Gui
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Norman M. Bradburn Seymour Sudman B
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Copyright © 2004 by John Wiley & S
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viii CONTENTS 12. Asking Questions
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Preface This book is a revised and
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PREFACE xiii trate some of the subt
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The Authors Norman M. Bradburn (Ph.
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Asking Questions
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Chapter One The Social Context of Q
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THE SOCIAL CONTEXT OF QUESTION ASKI
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Chapter Two Asking Nonthreatening Q
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ASKING NONTHREATENING QUESTIONS ABO
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Figure 2.4. Household Health Diary.
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Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census,
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80 ASKING QUESTIONS e. The Sealed B
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82 ASKING QUESTIONS asking about te
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84 ASKING QUESTIONS Figure 3.2. Que
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86 ASKING QUESTIONS into a car, mig
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88 ASKING QUESTIONS relationship be
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90 ASKING QUESTIONS from 55 percent
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92 ASKING QUESTIONS Illegal Drug Us
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94 ASKING QUESTIONS drinkers—may.
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100 ASKING QUESTIONS It must be rec
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102 ASKING QUESTIONS To illustrate
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104 ASKING QUESTIONS This applies t
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106 ASKING QUESTIONS When some resp
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108 ASKING QUESTIONS drinking quest
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110 ASKING QUESTIONS them less thre
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112 ASKING QUESTIONS Determining th
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114 ASKING QUESTIONS carefully for
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Chapter Four Asking Questions About
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ASKING QUESTIONS ABOUT ATTITUDES AN
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Chapter Five Asking and Recording O
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ASKING AND RECORDING QUESTIONS 153
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180 ASKING QUESTIONS 2. Consider wh
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182 ASKING QUESTIONS Figure 6.2. Qu
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184 ASKING QUESTIONS Specific knowl
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186 ASKING QUESTIONS question. Anot
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192 ASKING QUESTIONS Resident Infor
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194 ASKING QUESTIONS It must be rec
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196 ASKING QUESTIONS Figure 6.10. Q
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198 ASKING QUESTIONS Figure 6.11. S
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200 ASKING QUESTIONS Figure 6.11. S
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202 ASKING QUESTIONS question indic
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204 ASKING QUESTIONS state or count
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206 ASKING QUESTIONS respondents wi
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208 ASKING QUESTIONS answers, most
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210 ASKING QUESTIONS on the Web sin
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Chapter Seven Asking Questions that
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ASKING QUESTIONS THAT EVALUATE PERF
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• Depends heavily on employee’s
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244 ASKING QUESTIONS make a particu
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246 ASKING QUESTIONS on demographic
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248 ASKING QUESTIONS Table 8.1. Eig
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250 ASKING QUESTIONS domain and rel
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252 ASKING QUESTIONS Seven Steps to
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254 ASKING QUESTIONS the frequency
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256 ASKING QUESTIONS The fourth ste
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258 ASKING QUESTIONS empty cells. I
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Chapter Nine Asking Standard Demogr
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ASKING STANDARD DEMOGRAPHIC QUESTIO
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Page 341 and 342: QUESTIONNAIRES FROM START TO FINISH
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Page 345 and 346: ASKING QUESTIONS FAQS 325 tain you
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Index A Ability, measuring, 197-202
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INDEX 369 Denver, 86; Community che
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INDEX 371 Library card ownership, 8
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INDEX 373 preferences, 167-168; thr
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Appendix A List of Academic and Not
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APPENDIX A 377 Phoenix, AZ 85003-17
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APPENDIX A 379 Fax: 310-206-4453 E-
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APPENDIX A 381 800 Florida Ave., N.
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APPENDIX A 383 E-mail: jbason@arche
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APPENDIX A 385 Phone: 312-996-5300
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APPENDIX A 387 Phone: 785-532-5510
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APPENDIX A 389 Center for the Study
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APPENDIX A 391 Ann Arbor, MI 48106-
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APPENDIX A 393 731 Oldfather Hall L
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APPENDIX A 395 New York Marist Coll
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APPENDIX A 397 Cornell University I
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APPENDIX A 399 225 South Main St. A
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APPENDIX A 401 121 University Pl. P
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APPENDIX A 403 South Dakota Busines
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APPENDIX A 405 Public Policy Resear
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APPENDIX A 407 E-mail: sesrc@wsu.ed
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APPENDIX A 409 England National Cen
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412 APPENDIX B PLEASE CIRCLE ONE CO
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414 APPENDIX B 14. Who purchased th
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416 APPENDIX B 23. What racial/ethn
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Faculty Retention Survey December 2
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2. Professional Life Important to y
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4. Environment Important to you Imp
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Appendix D Kinko’s: Open-ended Se
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