Asking Questions - The Definitive Guide To Questionnaire Design ...

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350 GLOSSARY are entered directly into a computer via a keyboard attached to the terminal. The major advantages of these procedures are that they allow researchers to design questionnaires with very complex skip instructions, to communicate in real time with interviewers if an impossible answer is entered, and to eliminate intermediate steps—which speeds up data processing. The computer is programmed not only to present the next question after a response is input but also to determine from the response exactly which question should be asked next; that is, the computer branches automatically to the next question according to the filter instructions. (See also skip instructions.) closed-ended and open-ended questions Closed-ended questions give the alternative answers to the respondent, either explicitly or implicitly. They may have two alternatives (dichotomous questions), such as “yes” or “no” or “male” or “female,” or they may have multiple choices, such as “Democrat,” “Republican,” or “Independent,” or “strongly agree,” “agree,” “disagree,” and “strongly disagree.” In contrast, an open-ended question does not provide answer categories to the respondent. An example would be “What do you think is the most serious problem facing the nation today?” codebook A list of each of the codes used to record the answers to questions in quantitative form on a spreadsheet. Usually codebooks record each item in a location designated by column. (See also deck, precolumning.) coding The processing of survey answers into numerical form for entry into a computer so that statistical analyses can be performed. Coding of alternative responses to closed-ended questions can be performed in advance, so that no additional coding is required. This is called precoding. If the questionnaire is mostly precoded, then coding refers only to the subsequent coding of open questions. (See also closed-ended and open-ended questions, field coding.)
GLOSSARY 351 context of questionnaire A general term referring to the totality of cues provided that can influence response. These cues may include the announced subject of the study, any instructions provided to the respondent or interviewer, and the questions themselves. Also included would be interviewer behaviors caused by the questionnaire’s context (such as nervousness at asking sensitive questions). These cues have a particularly strong influence on responses to attitude questions, but they may also influence responses to behavior questions. continuation sheets (or supplement) Loose sheets included to obtain information when the number of items, persons, or events varies from household to household. Continuation sheets reduce the size of the main questionnaire, but they increase the complexity of locating the proper form and also increase the possibility that some loose sheets may be lost. data archives As used in survey research, a library of information stored from previous surveys, primarily in machine-readable form. Information includes question wordings as well as responses, so that archival information is useful in designing new questionnaires as well as in secondary analysis of existing data. debriefing A meeting of interviewers, supervisors, and research analysts held after the fieldwork or pretest of a study is completed. The purposes of a debriefing are to alert the analyst to possible difficulties respondents had in understanding or answering questions, as well as to improve future questionnaires and field methods. deck (or worksheet or file) When responses to a questionnaire need to be recorded on more than one worksheet, they must be numbered so that the analysts will know which worksheet goes with which questions. This numbering is usually done by calling each worksheet or file by a “deck” number. Thus, for one respondent, there would be one or more decks of information. The deck and column number would provide each item’s location. For example,
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Asking Questions The Definitive Gui
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Norman M. Bradburn Seymour Sudman B
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Copyright © 2004 by John Wiley & S
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viii CONTENTS 12. Asking Questions
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Preface This book is a revised and
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PREFACE xiii trate some of the subt
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The Authors Norman M. Bradburn (Ph.
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Asking Questions
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Chapter One The Social Context of Q
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THE SOCIAL CONTEXT OF QUESTION ASKI
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Chapter Two Asking Nonthreatening Q
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ASKING NONTHREATENING QUESTIONS ABO
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Figure 2.4. Household Health Diary.
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Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census,
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80 ASKING QUESTIONS e. The Sealed B
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82 ASKING QUESTIONS asking about te
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84 ASKING QUESTIONS Figure 3.2. Que
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86 ASKING QUESTIONS into a car, mig
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88 ASKING QUESTIONS relationship be
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90 ASKING QUESTIONS from 55 percent
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92 ASKING QUESTIONS Illegal Drug Us
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94 ASKING QUESTIONS drinkers—may.
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100 ASKING QUESTIONS It must be rec
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102 ASKING QUESTIONS To illustrate
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104 ASKING QUESTIONS This applies t
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106 ASKING QUESTIONS When some resp
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108 ASKING QUESTIONS drinking quest
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110 ASKING QUESTIONS them less thre
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112 ASKING QUESTIONS Determining th
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114 ASKING QUESTIONS carefully for
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Chapter Four Asking Questions About
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ASKING QUESTIONS ABOUT ATTITUDES AN
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Chapter Five Asking and Recording O
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ASKING AND RECORDING QUESTIONS 153
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180 ASKING QUESTIONS 2. Consider wh
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182 ASKING QUESTIONS Figure 6.2. Qu
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184 ASKING QUESTIONS Specific knowl
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186 ASKING QUESTIONS question. Anot
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192 ASKING QUESTIONS Resident Infor
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194 ASKING QUESTIONS It must be rec
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196 ASKING QUESTIONS Figure 6.10. Q
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198 ASKING QUESTIONS Figure 6.11. S
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200 ASKING QUESTIONS Figure 6.11. S
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202 ASKING QUESTIONS question indic
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204 ASKING QUESTIONS state or count
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206 ASKING QUESTIONS respondents wi
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208 ASKING QUESTIONS answers, most
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210 ASKING QUESTIONS on the Web sin
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Chapter Seven Asking Questions that
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ASKING QUESTIONS THAT EVALUATE PERF
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• Depends heavily on employee’s
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244 ASKING QUESTIONS make a particu
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246 ASKING QUESTIONS on demographic
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248 ASKING QUESTIONS Table 8.1. Eig
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250 ASKING QUESTIONS domain and rel
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252 ASKING QUESTIONS Seven Steps to
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254 ASKING QUESTIONS the frequency
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256 ASKING QUESTIONS The fourth ste
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258 ASKING QUESTIONS empty cells. I
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Chapter Nine Asking Standard Demogr
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ASKING STANDARD DEMOGRAPHIC QUESTIO
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Chapter Ten Organizing and Designin
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ORGANIZING AND DESIGNING QUESTIONNA
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Page 345 and 346: ASKING QUESTIONS FAQS 325 tain you
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Page 387 and 388: Index A Ability, measuring, 197-202
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Page 393 and 394: INDEX 373 preferences, 167-168; thr
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APPENDIX A 401 121 University Pl. P
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APPENDIX A 403 South Dakota Busines
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APPENDIX A 405 Public Policy Resear
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APPENDIX A 407 E-mail: sesrc@wsu.ed
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APPENDIX A 409 England National Cen
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412 APPENDIX B PLEASE CIRCLE ONE CO
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414 APPENDIX B 14. Who purchased th
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416 APPENDIX B 23. What racial/ethn
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Faculty Retention Survey December 2
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2. Professional Life Important to y
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4. Environment Important to you Imp
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Appendix D Kinko’s: Open-ended Se
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