Asking Questions - The Definitive Guide To Questionnaire Design ...

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304 ASKING QUESTIONS long histories with a company or service. Problems of nonresponse can generally be expected, and this method may not be costeffective unless your survey population is relatively large. 7. Prerecruited panels of Internet users. This type of survey uses a panel that is put together using probability sampling methods. Often, telephone interviews are used first to form lists of interested participants. They are then invited to fill out the Web-based survey through an electronic invitation and specific access protocols. Coverage is usually not a concern, but nonresponse can be large. 8. Probability samples of full population. This is the only method that has some chance of obtaining a sample that contains the full population, rather than those with Web access only. This approach employs a panel design that starts with a phone or mail survey, but then provides (if needed) the equipment for Web-based surveys in the future. Besides being expensive, probability sampling of full populations tends to elicit low initial response rates and nonresponse in general. However, this method can solve the coverage issue of the other methods; that is, it does not restrict the sample to those who already have Web access. Although many of these methods do not compare favorably with the validity of paper-based or computer-assisted surveys, their popularity and continuous improvement cannot be denied. Over time, they will continue to become more advanced and more widely accepted. With an increase in the sourcing software for computer-based surveys, it is now possible and relatively simple to outsource the design and production of a questionnaire designed for a computer or World Wide Web application. Many sources are available, including free services. These include freepolls.com, GammaPoll (gammapoll.com/gp/en/index.cfm), mypoll.net, pollhost. com, pulsepoll.com, webpollcentral.com, and XML Polls. In addition, more companies can be found by accessing a search engine and using the search term Web surveys.
ORGANIZING AND DESIGNING QUESTIONNAIRES 305 PDA-Assisted Interviewing (PDAAI) Developments of the PDA are also influencing the way one-on-one survey research is being done. PDAs are increasing in popularity among survey researchers because they are becoming more accepted by respondents, are easy to program, and are portable, efficient, inexpensive, and easy to use. As of 2002, for example, more than twenty million Palm handhelds have been sold, and the company now offers models that retail for as little as $99; competing models are also now available from Sony, HP, Dell, AlphaSmart, Toshiba, and Handspring (recently purchased by Palm). Not only are PDAs reasonably easy to program, but a number of companies offer custom programming services. Portability of the PDA platform is another reason why it has advantages over paper-based surveys. Respondents can access the survey stored on their PDA any time of the day and can complete it over the course of many days. Respondents rarely lose their PDA or damage it so badly that it cannot be salvaged. Because it is worn or carried on the body, respondents will not say they did not have the access to the survey. Efficiency is another key selling point if the PDAAI format is used. Not only do today’s PDAs cost less than they used to, they also require few energy resources. Most run for weeks, months, or years on AAA or rechargeable batteries. Surveys deployed in the field do not have to be concerned about running out of power or finding a source on-site. Besides the power benefits, PDAs are also very fast at storing information and at accessing survey questions. Data is saved even if the device is turned off by accident. Finally, PDAAI is easy to use. Although many people still have trouble navigating today’s computer software, most find it easy to navigate the PDA system. PDA device interfaces are intuitive enough that most users can complete a survey with little or no help from interviewers. This means that large groups of respondents can
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Asking Questions The Definitive Gui
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Norman M. Bradburn Seymour Sudman B
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Copyright © 2004 by John Wiley & S
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viii CONTENTS 12. Asking Questions
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Preface This book is a revised and
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PREFACE xiii trate some of the subt
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The Authors Norman M. Bradburn (Ph.
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Asking Questions
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Chapter One The Social Context of Q
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THE SOCIAL CONTEXT OF QUESTION ASKI
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Chapter Two Asking Nonthreatening Q
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ASKING NONTHREATENING QUESTIONS ABO
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Figure 2.4. Household Health Diary.
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Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census,
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80 ASKING QUESTIONS e. The Sealed B
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82 ASKING QUESTIONS asking about te
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84 ASKING QUESTIONS Figure 3.2. Que
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86 ASKING QUESTIONS into a car, mig
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88 ASKING QUESTIONS relationship be
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90 ASKING QUESTIONS from 55 percent
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92 ASKING QUESTIONS Illegal Drug Us
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94 ASKING QUESTIONS drinkers—may.
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100 ASKING QUESTIONS It must be rec
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102 ASKING QUESTIONS To illustrate
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104 ASKING QUESTIONS This applies t
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106 ASKING QUESTIONS When some resp
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108 ASKING QUESTIONS drinking quest
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110 ASKING QUESTIONS them less thre
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112 ASKING QUESTIONS Determining th
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114 ASKING QUESTIONS carefully for
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Chapter Four Asking Questions About
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ASKING QUESTIONS ABOUT ATTITUDES AN
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Chapter Five Asking and Recording O
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ASKING AND RECORDING QUESTIONS 153
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180 ASKING QUESTIONS 2. Consider wh
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182 ASKING QUESTIONS Figure 6.2. Qu
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184 ASKING QUESTIONS Specific knowl
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186 ASKING QUESTIONS question. Anot
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192 ASKING QUESTIONS Resident Infor
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194 ASKING QUESTIONS It must be rec
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196 ASKING QUESTIONS Figure 6.10. Q
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198 ASKING QUESTIONS Figure 6.11. S
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200 ASKING QUESTIONS Figure 6.11. S
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202 ASKING QUESTIONS question indic
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204 ASKING QUESTIONS state or count
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206 ASKING QUESTIONS respondents wi
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208 ASKING QUESTIONS answers, most
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210 ASKING QUESTIONS on the Web sin
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Chapter Seven Asking Questions that
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ASKING QUESTIONS THAT EVALUATE PERF
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• Depends heavily on employee’s
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244 ASKING QUESTIONS make a particu
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246 ASKING QUESTIONS on demographic
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248 ASKING QUESTIONS Table 8.1. Eig
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250 ASKING QUESTIONS domain and rel
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252 ASKING QUESTIONS Seven Steps to
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Page 305 and 306: ORGANIZING AND DESIGNING QUESTIONNA
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Page 345 and 346: ASKING QUESTIONS FAQS 325 tain you
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354 GLOSSARY of an IBM card is a on
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356 GLOSSARY individual difference
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358 GLOSSARY overreporting, underre
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360 GLOSSARY because of illness or
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362 GLOSSARY response effect A gene
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364 GLOSSARY questionnaires list th
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Index A Ability, measuring, 197-202
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INDEX 369 Denver, 86; Community che
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INDEX 371 Library card ownership, 8
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INDEX 373 preferences, 167-168; thr
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Appendix A List of Academic and Not
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APPENDIX A 377 Phoenix, AZ 85003-17
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APPENDIX A 379 Fax: 310-206-4453 E-
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APPENDIX A 381 800 Florida Ave., N.
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APPENDIX A 383 E-mail: jbason@arche
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APPENDIX A 385 Phone: 312-996-5300
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APPENDIX A 387 Phone: 785-532-5510
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APPENDIX A 389 Center for the Study
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APPENDIX A 391 Ann Arbor, MI 48106-
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APPENDIX A 393 731 Oldfather Hall L
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APPENDIX A 395 New York Marist Coll
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APPENDIX A 397 Cornell University I
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APPENDIX A 399 225 South Main St. A
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APPENDIX A 401 121 University Pl. P
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APPENDIX A 403 South Dakota Busines
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APPENDIX A 405 Public Policy Resear
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APPENDIX A 407 E-mail: sesrc@wsu.ed
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APPENDIX A 409 England National Cen
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412 APPENDIX B PLEASE CIRCLE ONE CO
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414 APPENDIX B 14. Who purchased th
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416 APPENDIX B 23. What racial/ethn
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Faculty Retention Survey December 2
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2. Professional Life Important to y
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4. Environment Important to you Imp
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Appendix D Kinko’s: Open-ended Se
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