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hemisferio, On Line document www.ahciet.net/comun/pags/agenda/eventos/2005/124/ponen cias/11.00%20diego%20Colombia_Rio.ppt [February, 2012] [2] Cardona, D, Open Knowledge, Free Society third edition of the On Line Congress of the Observatory for CyberSociety, On Line document http://www.cibersociedad.net/congres2006/gts/gt.php?id=142 [February, 2012] [3] Cardona, D, et al, MuNet. Una herramienta para lograr municipios eficientes y transparentes, en Said, E, TIC, Comunicación y Periodismo Digital. Reflexiones de América Latina y Europa; Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, 2010 [4] Cardona, D, et al, MuNet, Municipios Eficientes y Transparentes, On Line document http://portal.oas.org/Portal/Sector/Secretar%C3%ADaGenera l/SEDI/OESEDI/Proyectos/NPA/UsoEficientedeTICs/MuNet FaseI/tabid/1767/language/es–CO/default.aspx [February, 2012] [5] Iberomunicipios, V Premio Iberoamericano de Ciudades Digitales, On Line document http://www.iberomunicipios.org/premio/def1.aspx?idn=1005 3&idm=10166&ids=10735 [February, 2012] [6] Lasagna, M, 1.- Programa MuNET: Productos y Resultados, On Line document http://www.educoas.org/RestrictedSites/Curso1/Newsletter- Agosto06/Paratenerencuenta17.html [February, 2012] [7] OEA, Firman en la OEA acuerdo sobre desarrollo municipal en países andinos y centroamericanos, On Line document http://www.oas.org/oaspage/press_releases/press_release.asp ?sCodigo=C-171/04 [February, 2012] [8] OEA, oeainnovacionesyalianzas.org, On Line document http://www.oeainnovacionesyalianzas.org/ [February, 2012 [9] Porrua, M, Introducción al Programa MuNet, On Line document http://hasp.axesnet.com/contenido/documentos/Caracas%20e Gobierno%202005%20- 191 %20Introducci%C3%B3n%20Programa%20MuNet.ppt [February, 2012] [10] Porrua, M, MuNet: municipal efficiency and transparency, On Line document http://www.it4allbilbao.org/ponentes/Miguel_A_Porrua.pdf [February, 2012] [11] Saenz, J, Experiencias y perspectivas de Gobierno Electrónico a nivel local en la región LAC, On Line document http://www.cofemer.gob.mx/images/stories/conferencias/XX I_Conferencia_Nacional_de_MR/Javier_Sanz.ppt [February, 2012] [12] Saenz, J, et al, MuNet, a new way to improve municipalities, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance ACM International Conference Proceeding Series; Vol. 322, Pages: 240–245, 2009, On Line document http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1693042.1693090 [February, 2012] [13] Villagrán, S, MuNet (Municipios Eficientes y Transparentes), On Line document http://www.protic.org/proyectos.shtml?&sh_itm=df10f42820 87ae1170cbb506cafb2fd2. [14] Field, T., Mield, T., Muller, E. and Law, E., The e- Government Imperative. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, ISBN 92-64-10117-9, Paris, France, 2003, available at http:213.253.134.43/ oecd/pdfs/browseit/4203071E.PDF. [15] Canadian International Development Agency, CIDA, http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/home. [16] Corporación Andina de Fomento, http://www.caf.com/view/index.asp?ms=19 [17] Organization of American States (OAS), Executive Secretariat for Integral Development (SEDI), http://www.oas.org/en/sedi/ [18] National Secretary of Science and Technology (SENACYT), http://www.concyt.gob.gt/
ICT Policy in Africa - A Comparative Study of Ghana and Kenya Drawing on Lessons from Developed Countries ABSTRACT Kenya and Ghana realized that developing a National Information Communication Technology Policy (NICTP) is vital for the development of a nation. They also realized that Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector is a key accelerator to development. The two countries have made progress including liberalization of the ICT sector. The ICT sector has changed considerably in the two countries. However, there is need to review all stages of the policy and come up with suggestions for improvements or gaps that need to be filled. This paper looks into the process of reviewing Kenya and Ghana NICTP by applying the benchmarking process as a supporting tool for policy-making and improvement. The paper illustrates the analysis carried out and the results from five successful countries recognized worldwide on ICT policy formulation, policy focus areas and policy implementation. Besides the policy process and stakeholder‘s involvement, the ICT policy goals, objectives and mission are discussed. The institutional arrangements for driving the ICT policy at regional and international dimensions, as well as the implementation processes, policy comparison and monitoring are elaborated. The paper winds up with recommendations on how the policy comparison processes should be conducted. Categories and Subject Descriptors K.4 COMPUTERS AND SOCIETY K.4.0 General K.4.1 Public Policy Issues (privacy, regulation, transborder data flow). General Terms Legal Aspects Keywords ICT, NICTP, benchmarking, policy, mission, vision Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. ICEGOV '12, October 22 - 25 2012, Albany, NY, USA Copyright 2012 ACM 978-1-4503-1200-4/12/10...$15.00 Agnes Owuato Odongo Kenya electricity generating company limited P.O Box 79439.00200 Nairobi, Kenya Mobile No. +254-722-273-589 agwuato@yahoo.com 192 1. INTRODUCTION ICT policy is a formal statement that specifies the objectives, goals, principles, strategies, etc intended to direct and control the development, operation and use of ICT. ICT policies must consider additional policies like education, trade and investment, foreign, monetary, transport polices, etc. ICT policies have been recognized by the African executives. The PANAFTEL network concept was approved in 1976. The PANAFTEL coordinating committee was established in 1973, to mobilize the resources necessary for the establishment of the system and to implement the network speedily. By 1982 a basic telecommunications infrastructure had been constructed within Africa, allowing intra- African telecom traffic, largely avoiding the previous long, complex and very expensive transit routes through Europe. By the end of 1982, 67 routes between African countries were available by using Intel sat satellite circuits. African authorities and the private sector should become more involved in the network exploitation through the different telecommunications restructuring processes; and to modernize the network by judiciously combining all technologies to build the continent telecommunications network representative. This should meet the countries need and prepare Africa for insertion within the global information technology infrastructure (GII). 1.1Ghana The National Information Communication Technology Policy (NICTP) development process for Ghana started in the year 2003 as a result of the perceived lack of guidance on ICT [8]. The lack of ICT Policy and existence of isolated initiatives led to random adoption of different systems and standards, resulting in unnecessary duplication of effort hence wastage of resources. Benefits of effective adoption of ICT are likely to result not only in an increase in connectivity or access, but more importantly the benefits acquired from the facilitation of new types of development solutions and economic opportunities that the utilization of ICT makes possible. Ghana ICT Policy Process [8] has been touted as the most participatory policy development process on the continent. Extensive consultation with major stakeholders was conducted throughout the length and breadth of the country in search for national priorities and needs, as well as to sensitize the community prior to the development of the ICT4AD framework document and the eventual write-up of the policy document, action plans and legislations. The opportunities are envisaged in the National Strategy to simultaneously target the development of the ICT sector and industry as well as use ICTs as a broad-based enabler of
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2012 ALBANY, NEW YORK UNITED STATES
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Foreword The 6 th International Con
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Table of Contents Forward .........
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Session 10: ICTs & Governance Trans
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o Revival of Farming Community with
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International Steering Committee Jo
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Jim DAVIES, Computing Laboratory, U
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Session 1 Open Government Data
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the combination of their moral sent
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involve the creation of a Network o
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approach [28] to expose indicators
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4. IMPLENTING PAR In order to come
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conclusions that might arise rom th
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6.3 Large Scale Implementation In r
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Implementation Framework for Open D
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2) Usage: Assessed by quantifying t
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Increasing Kenyan Open Data Consump
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insight into available data resourc
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New Perspectives for Electronic Gov
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Not without reason therefore that t
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Another principle adopted by this s
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access to public information, chang
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Open Government 2.0: Citizen Empowe
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As a third finding, we also found a
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Session 2 E-democracy & Participati
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two polarized (optimistic or utopia
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through aggregating, shaping, and c
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in-depth expert interviews, and wer
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government made of citizens’ cont
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[8] Putman, R.D. 1994. Making Democ
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The third stream of studies reviewe
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interests, gaining access to inform
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2. THEORETICAL FOUNDATION 2.1 The P
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epresentatives from the three main
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While letters to the editor could b
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person. Table 5: Public sphere char
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[32] Yang, S., H. Lee, and S. Kurni
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In March 2000, just a couple of mon
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society the gap will close [2]. The
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A New Roadmap for Next-Generation P
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needs and the activities of policy-
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[18] Moss, S., (2010). Policy Model
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2.1. National digital inclusion exp
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advanced initiatives specifically d
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involved later [22]. Several instit
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among lecturers and students parall
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2. COMPARATIVE E-GOVERNMENT IN LATI
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governments can innovate or be disc
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2. E-GOVERNMENT AS IS 2.1. E-Govern
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ankings on the formation of nationa
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Framework for Useful Transparency W
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are doing a good job overall in reg
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The Circular Continuum of Agencies,
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continue to rely on dial-up Interne
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this time the authors continue to w
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government agencies should consider
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The critical success factors for we
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include customers and competitors,
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Websites or columns for MFWs In thi
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According to our investigation, the
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Construction of Inter-regional Publ
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The Development of Public Smart Pho
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Stage Description 1 st stage (Simpl
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Understanding Citizens’ Perceptio
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performance compared to those provi
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Session 5 Information Sharing, Mode
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arising as a result of these two bi
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forms for the system. At the same t
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further investigation of the relati
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5.3.10 Commitment Both personal and
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law. Virginia Journal of Internatio
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available to others” [5]. Informa
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conflict around information sharing
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for understanding information polic
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primarily on the information flows
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On Public Service Provision Informa
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employs workflow management technol
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o Information. Represents any infor
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common documents repository at the
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Figure 15. Full model of Passport I
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142
Page 169 and 170: policies to prevent government agen
Page 171 and 172: ecause the majority of the shared i
Page 174 and 175: A Patent System Ontology for Facili
Page 176 and 177: uilt on top of the semantics of RDF
Page 178 and 179: dynamically derive relevancy based
Page 180 and 181: Figure 6. Cross-‐Reference betw
Page 182 and 183: Category II: After identifying some
Page 184 and 185: [8] De Nicola, A., Missikoff, M. an
Page 186 and 187: oral option, it also allows for a m
Page 188 and 189: mapping of citizens would ensure un
Page 190 and 191: Here the authors wish to extend the
Page 192 and 193: http://www.ecp.gov.pk/Reports/SPStr
Page 194 and 195: will enable to assess and confront
Page 196 and 197: The underlying DeLP process is as f
Page 198 and 199: Preparing for Digital Curation Gove
Page 200 and 201: semester hours. Nine of the forty-f
Page 202 and 203: REGNET: Regulatory Information Mana
Page 204 and 205: Search Terms/ Concepts References D
Page 206 and 207: 4. COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF REGULATOR
Page 208 and 209: 1105.4 [6] Content of Section 1105.
Page 210 and 211: Pollution Prevention Guide for Vehi
Page 213 and 214: From Information-Poor to Informatio
Page 215 and 216: To address the divide, specific gov
Page 217 and 218: ICT for Development and the MuNet P
Page 219: competencies and skills, contributi
Page 223 and 224: essential and necessary to guide th
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Page 229 and 230: the policy process e.g. formulation
Page 231 and 232: Laggards or Victims of Socioeconomi
Page 233 and 234: Figure 3. Facilities & Services Enj
Page 235 and 236: Promoting user uptake of e-governme
Page 237 and 238: It was also decided that it was nec
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Page 242 and 243: technology (IT) projects by governm
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Page 246 and 247: 6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We are grateful
Page 248 and 249: aspects are hardly discussed as the
Page 250 and 251: service level agreements. The inter
Page 252 and 253: concensus of all participants, the
Page 254 and 255: Furthermore, it is understood from
Page 256 and 257: Mobile Technologies on the Internet
Page 258 and 259: of mothers. Based on this reason, w
Page 260 and 261: 5.1.4 Precedence Plots Based on com
Page 262 and 263: 3 indicators are similar but not th
Page 264 and 265: Latitude 10°�S 9°�S 8°�S 7
Page 266 and 267: 7. CONCLUSION According to ORDIT an
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Categories Only XSS (%) Table 2: Di
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From table 3, it can be deduced tha
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Session 9 Social Media in Governmen
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1. What kind of social media servic
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4.2.1 Facebook Usage Figure 3. Perc
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Government Crisis Communication on
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estoration theory. He termed it as
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Table 3. Strategies for Pre-crisis
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accounts, among which seven message
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information in the crisis event sta
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Government Official Microblogs: An
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It is worth mentioning that, while
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Managing Chinese Government Microbl
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due to their tremendous influence,
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3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This research is
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3) Established year: to specify the
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Figure 6. Language used in Hong Kon
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E-Government and Transformation of
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and domestic as well as internation
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4.6 Computerisation of Railway Tick
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abysmally low (2.25). In addition t
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Evaluating and Assessing a Typology
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Exhaustiveness indicates that all c
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Fig. 1 Spatial Unit Fig. 3. By whom
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SUPPLEMENTARY TABLE 1. RESULT OF SE
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Explaining the eGovernment Paradox:
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eGovernment services to a large ext
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policy agenda, as Heeks [10] says,
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Implementation Plan’s outcomes an
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Conference on eGovernment (pp. 90-9
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Investigating the Relationships bet
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hybrid or authoritarian regime. Bov
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Technologies, Tools and Web 2.0 in
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with resources, peers and experts w
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cluster were: Court Clerks; Court,
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(8 questions) and the third subpart
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http://ux.brookdalecc.edu/governanc
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the examination of the 311 program
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3. CASE STUDY METHOD This study use
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discuss departmental performance at
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or laptop computers. Internet conne
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[2] Anavitarte, L. and Tratz-Ryan,
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A Literature Review: IT Governance
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Interviewees Useful? Table 3. Inter
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Assessment of Success Factors of e-
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In view of different theoretical ap
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approximate figure of 60% of intern
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difference between its priority and
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Computer Supported Contractor Selec
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(2) conduction of the public auctio
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E-Government Success Factors in the
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creating different incentives and p
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American and the Caribbean Institut
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* Note: A 7-points Likert scale was
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showed to be useful, for collecting
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Public CIO, Figurehead or Decision-
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4.2 Operative CIO The Operative CIO
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Session 12 Implementation & Impact
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NYSED is responsible for collecting
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considered markers that are able to
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many of the MDGs. The direct impact
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strongly believed that local govern
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Goal Variables Measurements 2 3 Com
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Hypothesis Variables Endogenous Exo
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[16] Joreskog, K.G., and Sorbom, D.
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GoN has addressed the challenge to
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Figures 6 and 7. Computer classes a
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ICT-enabled Delivery of Maternal He
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3. E-HEALTH 3.1 ICTs and Health Com
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Chart 1 [40] GHANA - Total Telephon
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change their behaviour, improve the
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activities such as the MoTeCH partn
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If We Build it Will They Come? A Mi
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The methodology contains inherent l
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information about their broadband s
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Session 13 E-democracy & Participat
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attempt to influence future behavio
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Evidence shows that cognitive facto
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success factors for eParticipation[
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structure of the forum as well as t
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government as well as augmenting di
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Figure 1: Message content 4.3 Messa
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Figure 6: Associated levels 4.10 At
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improve the government management e
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Session 14 Information Structure
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2. HEALTHCARE IN RURAL INDIA Health
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Cloud Data Center Internet Service
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Reliability of data: data collected
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Information System (NHIS). A Nation
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charge are either not aware of the
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from this medium. Additional securi
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attacks require the adversary to ma
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actions with yet unknown recipients
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Session 15 Measurement 2
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2. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Electronic
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Among the main limitations and chal
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Furthermore, our study demonstrates
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E-Government Portals in Central Ame
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13 Guadaloupe 31.74 14.19 14 Aruba
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Evolving e-Government Benchmarking
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judgments are made about the qualit
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percentage of online availability o
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methodology, and few national gover
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integrating them worth it? Because
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Impacts of the Public Procurement R
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Not all the municipalities have the
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3. HYPHOTESIS AND RELEVANT QUESTION
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58% of the buyers believe that the
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A strategy of evolution of the mark
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Posters
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Russian Federation legislative prop
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Figure 1. Document Flow and E-DRM P
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We further assume that each key tar
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egion that is more representative o
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2.2 C-DAC C-DAC’s PARAM series of
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The Metropolitan Area Planning Coun
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expanded functionality in three are
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For each case, semi-structured inte
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Figure 1. Comparative analysis on t
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projects and their on-site images.
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key challenges of Enterprise System
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5. PART THREE: E GOVERNMENT APPLICA
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Following the research objectives,
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From Inter-Agency Information Shari
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479
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more and more valuable with the gro
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Implementation of Integrated Tax Sy
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Information Sharing in Inter-depart
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Interagency Collaboration in Provid
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489
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noted. The list of basic e-services
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the description of procedure for mo
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Opportunities for Improving eGovern
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Prioritization and Geo-Spatiotempor
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[4] R.Bruggemann and Ganapati P. Pa
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equirements. A direct communication
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Stage - 2: Here the actual software
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membership associations, recreation
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Fig 1 : Agriculture Revolution 3. P
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sector, private sector, and civil s
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System For Measuring e-Gov: A Multi
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The Digital Divide’s Devaluing of
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[3] Coursey, D., & Norris, D.F. (20
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In Brazil, electronic accessibility
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2) The areas to which mobile and wi
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2. OVERVIEW OF DISTRICT MAPPING The
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3.4 Driving License Driving License
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and socio-economic backgrounds. The
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Figure - 2: eGovernment Implementat
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Tutorial: Digital Curation for Publ
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ut also provide sufficient detail o
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ABM is known as a bottom-up simulat
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5.2 Relation to Empirics “Where d
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Larson, Elizabeth .................
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