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information about their broadband system’s speeds, rates and access. Each community stressed the importance of a high-quality broadband system with the capacity for high-speed uploads and downloads in attracting high-tech industries. All three communities also use broadband as a tool in aiding business retention and expansion, albeit less so than it is for business attraction. Interviewees from Catawba and Rutherford indicated the proliferation of broadband contributes to business satisfaction and enables expansion, thus improving business retention and expansion efforts. While it is evident broadband is important in business recruitment, retention and expansion, its importance relative to other factors influential in business location and expansion decisions is unclear. Some respondents indicated broadband was the most important factor in recruiting certain businesses while others believed it was important to have, but was not the most important factor. As one respondent stated, “I’ve had some other industries who have said it was not a significant factor or deciding factor, but was among the factors that led to their decision to locate.” Conversely, interviewees from Catawba and Rutherford County indicated that without their broadband infrastructure neither Apple nor Facebook, respectively, would have located in their communities. While it is unclear whether broadband is more important than other business location decision factors, it may create a serious disadvantage for communities without an existing adequate infrastructure. As one respondent noted, “Despite the economic downturn that we have been experiencing, not one person or business is using less data than they were using before the downturn. Every one of us expects to have more power, computing power, and communications power in our hands or on our desk despite the downturn. And so a community that doesn’t realize their future is tied to communications facilitated by broadband, they’re probably missing the biggest opportunity coming down the pipes.” Similarly, another respondent said, “If it (broadband infrastructure) is not there, they (businesses) won’t locate there.” Similar to findings in the literature, the negative impact of not having broadband seems it may be more significant than the positive impact of having broadband available in one’s community [4]. Through this study, it is evident some businesses view broadband as an essential utility or piece of infrastructure that needs to be present if they are to locate there. Thus, as the FCC’s National Broadband Plan predicted, it is possible broadband’s absence may be more significant as a deterrent than its presence is as an attraction for businesses [4]. 5.3 Broadband Can Support Other Economic Development Activities The qualitative analysis suggests broadband also affects nontraditional economic development activities or strategies such as entrepreneurial development and attracting quality employees improving citizens’ quality of life. Several interviewees noted broadband improved their citizens’ quality of life through the provision of faster internet access, and the provision of the opportunity to telecommute. As an interviewee from Wilson explained, the opportunity to telecommute is particularly important in attracting pharmaceutical and high-tech firms because their employees want and expect to be able to telecommute if permitted. 383 6. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH AND CONCLUSION 6.1. Recommendations for Future Research Although this study’s findings add to the existing literature on broadband’s impact on the economic health of local communities and its relation to economic development activities in some communities, many questions surrounding broadband and economic development remain. More research is needed to determine broadband’s importance relative to other business location decision factors, whether the lack of broadband indeed disadvantages communities and if so how it does so. In addition, more research is needed to determine whether the lack of broadband indeed is more significant as a disadvantage than its presence is as an advantage for communities. Future research should also focus on businesses and how different types of businesses use and view broadband. 6.2. Conclusion While many questions remain, this study explores the relationship between broadband and the economic health and economic development activities in North Carolina, using quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative data shows there is no significant correlation between employment growth rate and broadband in North Carolina’s counties, however, the case studies indicate there is more to the story. Broadband may not impact total employment growth at the county level, but at a more local level, it is influential. As an interviewee said, “It particularly matters to those who either do not have an existing broadband network, or whose network does not meet the community’s needs.” Understanding broadband’s utility as a business recruitment, retention and expansion tool, as well as its ability to serve as an economic development tool in other ways can aid North Carolina communities in improving their overall economic health and become a competitive player in the local, state, national and global economies. 7. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to recognize and thank my committee members: Shannon H. Tufts (chair), William Lambe, and Jonathan Morgan. 8. REFERENCES [1] Coomes, Paul. A. “Economic Performance Measures for Metropolitan Areas,” Journal of Economic and Social Measurement, 24, 1998, 157-179. [2] Czernich, N., Falck, O., Kretschmer T., and Woessmann., L., Broadband Infrastructure and Economic Growth. The Economic Journal, Vol. 121(552), 2011, 505-532. [3] E-NC Authority. High Speed Internet Access in North Carolina. 2007. Accessed on 2/24/12. http://ncbroadband.gov/baller_footnotes/34.html [4] Federal Communications Commission. (2010). Connecting America: The National Broadband Plan. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. 2010. p291. [5] Federal Communications Commission. Form 477 website. Retrieved on 10/20/12. http://transition.fcc.gov/wcb/iatd/comp.html
[6] Ford, G. S., & Koutsky, T.M. Broadband and Economic Development: A Municipal Case Study from Florida. Review of Urban & Regional Development Studies, Vol. 17(3), 2005, 219-229. [7] Horrigan, J. B., Stolp, C., & Wilson, R. H. Broadband Utilization in Space: Effects of Population and Economic Structure. The Information Society, Vol. 22(5), 2006, 341- 354. [8] Kandilov, I. T., & Renkow, M. Infrastructure Investment and Rural Economic Development: An Evaluation of USDA’s Broadband Loan Program. Growth and Change, Vol. 41(2), 2010, 165-191. [9] Kolko, Jed. “Does Broadband Boost Local Economic Development? Public Policy Institute of California,” January 2010. 1-34. [10] Koutroumpis, P. The Economic Impact of Broadband on Growth: A Simultaneous Approach. Telecommunications Policy, 33, 2009, 471-485. [11] Lehr, W.H., Osorio, C.A., Gillett, S.E, & Sirbu, M.A. Measuring broadband’s economic impact. Tepper School of 384 Business. Paper 457, 2005. http://repository.cmu.edu/tepper/457. [12] Mankiw, G. The Principles of Economics, 4 th Edition. Thomas-South-Western. 2007. [13] North Carolina Department of Commerce website. Retrieved on 9/1/11. http://www.nccommerce.com/researchpublications/incentive-reports/2011-county-tier-designations. [14] Settles, Craig. Community Broadband Snapshot Report, “Broadband’s Impact on Economic Development: The Real Deal,” International Economic Development Council, Sept. 2010. [15] Shideler, D., Badasyan, N. and Taylor, L. “The Economic Impact of Broadband Deployment in Kentucky,” Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Regional Economic Development, 2007, 3(2), pp. 90. [16] Tufts, Shannon. “Golden LEAF Rural Broadband Initiative Annual Evaluation Report,” December 2011. p26. [17] PANGAEA website. Retrieved on 12/12/2011. http://www.pangaea.us/company/history.php.
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2012 ALBANY, NEW YORK UNITED STATES
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Foreword The 6 th International Con
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Table of Contents Forward .........
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Session 10: ICTs & Governance Trans
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o Revival of Farming Community with
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International Steering Committee Jo
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Jim DAVIES, Computing Laboratory, U
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Session 1 Open Government Data
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the combination of their moral sent
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involve the creation of a Network o
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approach [28] to expose indicators
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4. IMPLENTING PAR In order to come
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conclusions that might arise rom th
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6.3 Large Scale Implementation In r
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Implementation Framework for Open D
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2) Usage: Assessed by quantifying t
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Increasing Kenyan Open Data Consump
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insight into available data resourc
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New Perspectives for Electronic Gov
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Not without reason therefore that t
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Another principle adopted by this s
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access to public information, chang
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Open Government 2.0: Citizen Empowe
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As a third finding, we also found a
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Session 2 E-democracy & Participati
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two polarized (optimistic or utopia
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through aggregating, shaping, and c
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in-depth expert interviews, and wer
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government made of citizens’ cont
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[8] Putman, R.D. 1994. Making Democ
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The third stream of studies reviewe
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interests, gaining access to inform
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2. THEORETICAL FOUNDATION 2.1 The P
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epresentatives from the three main
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While letters to the editor could b
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person. Table 5: Public sphere char
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[32] Yang, S., H. Lee, and S. Kurni
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In March 2000, just a couple of mon
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society the gap will close [2]. The
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A New Roadmap for Next-Generation P
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needs and the activities of policy-
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[18] Moss, S., (2010). Policy Model
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2.1. National digital inclusion exp
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advanced initiatives specifically d
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involved later [22]. Several instit
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among lecturers and students parall
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2. COMPARATIVE E-GOVERNMENT IN LATI
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governments can innovate or be disc
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2. E-GOVERNMENT AS IS 2.1. E-Govern
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ankings on the formation of nationa
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Framework for Useful Transparency W
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are doing a good job overall in reg
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The Circular Continuum of Agencies,
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continue to rely on dial-up Interne
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this time the authors continue to w
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government agencies should consider
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The critical success factors for we
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include customers and competitors,
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Websites or columns for MFWs In thi
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According to our investigation, the
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Construction of Inter-regional Publ
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The Development of Public Smart Pho
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Stage Description 1 st stage (Simpl
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Understanding Citizens’ Perceptio
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performance compared to those provi
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Session 5 Information Sharing, Mode
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arising as a result of these two bi
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forms for the system. At the same t
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further investigation of the relati
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5.3.10 Commitment Both personal and
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law. Virginia Journal of Internatio
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available to others” [5]. Informa
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conflict around information sharing
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for understanding information polic
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primarily on the information flows
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On Public Service Provision Informa
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employs workflow management technol
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o Information. Represents any infor
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common documents repository at the
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Figure 15. Full model of Passport I
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142
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policies to prevent government agen
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ecause the majority of the shared i
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A Patent System Ontology for Facili
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uilt on top of the semantics of RDF
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dynamically derive relevancy based
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Figure 6. Cross-‐Reference betw
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Category II: After identifying some
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[8] De Nicola, A., Missikoff, M. an
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oral option, it also allows for a m
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mapping of citizens would ensure un
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Here the authors wish to extend the
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http://www.ecp.gov.pk/Reports/SPStr
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will enable to assess and confront
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The underlying DeLP process is as f
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Preparing for Digital Curation Gove
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semester hours. Nine of the forty-f
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REGNET: Regulatory Information Mana
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Search Terms/ Concepts References D
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4. COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF REGULATOR
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1105.4 [6] Content of Section 1105.
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Pollution Prevention Guide for Vehi
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From Information-Poor to Informatio
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To address the divide, specific gov
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ICT for Development and the MuNet P
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competencies and skills, contributi
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ICT Policy in Africa - A Comparativ
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essential and necessary to guide th
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Kenya it is the minister for Inform
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of existing Public Internet Access
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the policy process e.g. formulation
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Laggards or Victims of Socioeconomi
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Figure 3. Facilities & Services Enj
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Promoting user uptake of e-governme
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It was also decided that it was nec
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Session 8 Measurement 1
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technology (IT) projects by governm
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Gap = 5; The weak and unreliable In
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6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We are grateful
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aspects are hardly discussed as the
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service level agreements. The inter
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concensus of all participants, the
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Furthermore, it is understood from
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Mobile Technologies on the Internet
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of mothers. Based on this reason, w
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5.1.4 Precedence Plots Based on com
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3 indicators are similar but not th
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Latitude 10°�S 9°�S 8°�S 7
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7. CONCLUSION According to ORDIT an
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include but not limited to: payment
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Categories Only XSS (%) Table 2: Di
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From table 3, it can be deduced tha
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Session 9 Social Media in Governmen
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1. What kind of social media servic
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4.2.1 Facebook Usage Figure 3. Perc
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Government Crisis Communication on
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estoration theory. He termed it as
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Table 3. Strategies for Pre-crisis
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accounts, among which seven message
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information in the crisis event sta
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Government Official Microblogs: An
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It is worth mentioning that, while
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Managing Chinese Government Microbl
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due to their tremendous influence,
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3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This research is
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3) Established year: to specify the
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Figure 6. Language used in Hong Kon
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E-Government and Transformation of
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and domestic as well as internation
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4.6 Computerisation of Railway Tick
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abysmally low (2.25). In addition t
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Evaluating and Assessing a Typology
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Exhaustiveness indicates that all c
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Fig. 1 Spatial Unit Fig. 3. By whom
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SUPPLEMENTARY TABLE 1. RESULT OF SE
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Explaining the eGovernment Paradox:
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eGovernment services to a large ext
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policy agenda, as Heeks [10] says,
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Implementation Plan’s outcomes an
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Conference on eGovernment (pp. 90-9
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Investigating the Relationships bet
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hybrid or authoritarian regime. Bov
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Technologies, Tools and Web 2.0 in
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with resources, peers and experts w
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cluster were: Court Clerks; Court,
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(8 questions) and the third subpart
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http://ux.brookdalecc.edu/governanc
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the examination of the 311 program
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3. CASE STUDY METHOD This study use
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discuss departmental performance at
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or laptop computers. Internet conne
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[2] Anavitarte, L. and Tratz-Ryan,
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A Literature Review: IT Governance
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Interviewees Useful? Table 3. Inter
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Assessment of Success Factors of e-
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In view of different theoretical ap
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approximate figure of 60% of intern
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difference between its priority and
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Computer Supported Contractor Selec
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Page 385 and 386: 4.2 Operative CIO The Operative CIO
Page 387: Session 12 Implementation & Impact
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Page 398 and 399: Goal Variables Measurements 2 3 Com
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Page 406 and 407: Figures 6 and 7. Computer classes a
Page 408 and 409: ICT-enabled Delivery of Maternal He
Page 410 and 411: 3. E-HEALTH 3.1 ICTs and Health Com
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Page 414 and 415: change their behaviour, improve the
Page 416 and 417: activities such as the MoTeCH partn
Page 418 and 419: If We Build it Will They Come? A Mi
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Page 424: Session 13 E-democracy & Participat
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Page 429 and 430: Evidence shows that cognitive facto
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Page 437 and 438: Figure 1: Message content 4.3 Messa
Page 439 and 440: Figure 6: Associated levels 4.10 At
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Page 446 and 447: 2. HEALTHCARE IN RURAL INDIA Health
Page 448 and 449: Cloud Data Center Internet Service
Page 450 and 451: Reliability of data: data collected
Page 452 and 453: Information System (NHIS). A Nation
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Page 460 and 461: actions with yet unknown recipients
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Page 465 and 466: 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Electronic
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Page 469 and 470: Furthermore, our study demonstrates
Page 471 and 472: E-Government Portals in Central Ame
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13 Guadaloupe 31.74 14.19 14 Aruba
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Evolving e-Government Benchmarking
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judgments are made about the qualit
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percentage of online availability o
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methodology, and few national gover
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integrating them worth it? Because
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Impacts of the Public Procurement R
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Not all the municipalities have the
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3. HYPHOTESIS AND RELEVANT QUESTION
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58% of the buyers believe that the
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A strategy of evolution of the mark
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Posters
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Russian Federation legislative prop
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Figure 1. Document Flow and E-DRM P
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We further assume that each key tar
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egion that is more representative o
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2.2 C-DAC C-DAC’s PARAM series of
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The Metropolitan Area Planning Coun
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expanded functionality in three are
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For each case, semi-structured inte
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Figure 1. Comparative analysis on t
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projects and their on-site images.
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key challenges of Enterprise System
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5. PART THREE: E GOVERNMENT APPLICA
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Following the research objectives,
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From Inter-Agency Information Shari
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479
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more and more valuable with the gro
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Implementation of Integrated Tax Sy
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Information Sharing in Inter-depart
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Interagency Collaboration in Provid
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489
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noted. The list of basic e-services
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the description of procedure for mo
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Opportunities for Improving eGovern
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Prioritization and Geo-Spatiotempor
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[4] R.Bruggemann and Ganapati P. Pa
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equirements. A direct communication
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Stage - 2: Here the actual software
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membership associations, recreation
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Fig 1 : Agriculture Revolution 3. P
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sector, private sector, and civil s
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System For Measuring e-Gov: A Multi
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The Digital Divide’s Devaluing of
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[3] Coursey, D., & Norris, D.F. (20
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In Brazil, electronic accessibility
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2) The areas to which mobile and wi
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2. OVERVIEW OF DISTRICT MAPPING The
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3.4 Driving License Driving License
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and socio-economic backgrounds. The
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Figure - 2: eGovernment Implementat
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Tutorial: Digital Curation for Publ
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ut also provide sufficient detail o
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ABM is known as a bottom-up simulat
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5.2 Relation to Empirics “Where d
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Larson, Elizabeth .................
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