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• In regard to vision and strategy the national ICT policy should be specific and should include strategy in the vision. • It should be noted that many a nation develop ICT policies but few realize the widely acclaimed benefits of ICT in terms of socio-economic development, because it takes more than policy development to realize those benefits. 7. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS My thanks go to ICEGOV sponsoring organizations and conference organizers for the financial support given to attend the ICEGOV 2012 conference and to present a paper. 8. REFERENCES [1] BALRAJ-AMBIGAPATHY, S, GOONASEKERA, A AND LEE CHUN, W. 2001. Asian Communication Handbook ―Malaysiaǁ‖ in (eds). Singapore: AMIC. [2] Cheryl Marie Cordeiro and Suliman Al-Hawamdeh, “National Information Infrastructure and the realization of Singapore IT2000 initiative,” Division of Information Studies, Information Research, Vol. 6 No. 2, 2001. [3] David A. Wolfe and Allison Bramwell, “Growing the ICT Industry in Canada: A Knowledge Synthesis Paper”, 2010. [4] David Gichoya, “Factors Affecting the Successful Implementation of ICT Projects in Government”, 2005. [5] Delivering Australian Government Services: Access and Distribution Strategy (http://www.finance.gov.au), 2006. [6] Delivering Australian Government Services: Managing Multiple Channels (http://www.finance.gov.au), 2006. [7] Ewen Le Borgne and Jaap Pels, “Knowledge management and Communication strategy West Africa Water Initiative Knowledge Management project, October 2010 [8] Ghana’s ICT4AD Policy Document (http://www.ict.gov.gh), 2003 [9] ICT Development Index (IDI) 2010 report February 2012 by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) (http://inwent-iij-lab.org/Weblog/2010/07/26/ictdevelopment-index-itu-omits-sierra-leone-again/) [10] ICT Policy Development: the Case of Canada, 2012 IPCSIT vol. 36 (2012) © (2012) IACSIT Press, Singapore, (http://www.ipcsit.com) [11] Investment Policy Review Kenya, 2005 by United Nations (http://mirror.undo.org). [12] Investment Policy Review of Kenya, 2005 (http://unctad.org) [13] IT839 Strategy Document (http://www.vus.sk) [14] Kenya ICT Policy Document (http://www.ist-africa.org) [15] Korea’s Informatization Policy to Deliver ICT Use in Everyday Life (http://unpan1.un.org), 2007 Edition [16] Malaysia draft national IT policy (revised) 2007-2013, (http://www.eeas.europa.eu) [17] Malaysia National ICT Policy; Malaysia‘s Vision 2020, which foresees Malaysia becoming an industrialized country (http://www.epu.gov.my) 201 [18] Margaret Abba-Donkor, “Effective regulation: The importance of addressing consumer issues in an Era of digitization and convergence”, 2007. [19] OSIMO, D., AND GAREIS, K. 2005. The role of interregional benchmarking in the policy-making process: experiences in the field of information society, in <strong>proceedings</strong> of the Regional Studies Association conference, Aalborg, Denmark. [20] Singapore National ICT Policy, Transform Singapore into a vibrant global ICT capital with a thriving and prosperous Net Economy by year 2010, (http://www.unapcict) [21] Sudhir Kumar Marwaha, International Cooperation in the ICT Field: Bridging the Digital Divide, 2009. [22] The Ghana ICT for Accelerated Development (ICT4AD) Policy, 2003 (http://www.ict.gov.gh/).
Laggards or Victims of Socioeconomic Conditions? Findings from Ongoing Survey of Female Slum-dwellers Without Cell Phone Ownership ABSTRACT This paper presents the following details from an ongoing survey of 334 poor female slum-dwellers who don’t own cell phones: demographic features including socioeconomic status, sources of income, barriers to adopt cell phones, and perceived incentives for and consequences of using cell phones in India. The findings differ from three key characteristics of laggards identified by the diffusion of innovation literature. The findings based on responses from 334 poor laggards suggest hypotheses for predicting the cell phone adoption by the remaining poor laggards in India. Categories and Subject Descriptors H.1.1 [Systems and Information Theory]: Value of Information H.1.2 [User/Machine Systems]: Human Factors General Terms Economics and Human Factors Keywords Diffusion of Innovation, Laggards, Poor Slum-Dwellers, Adoption of Cell Phones 1. INTRODUCTION Cell phones are the most widely adopted information and communication technology (ICT) innovation in the world with more than five billion subscribers as of December 2010, and the customer-base was expected to exceed six billion by the end of 2011[1]. Since 2000, coverage of mobile telephony has expanded, and cell phone subscriptions in developing countries like India and China have increased by over 500%. Intense competition and innovation within the telecommunications sector in the last decade has catapulted India into the largest and fastest-growing cell phone market in the world. Inexpensive cell phone handsets ($15 Devendra Potnis and Kanchan Deosthali University of Tennessee 01-865-974-2148, 01-518-322-6693 dpotnis@utk.edu, kdeostha@utk.edu Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. ICEGOV '12, October 22 - 25 2012, Albany, NY, USA Copyright 2012 ACM 978-1-4503-1200-4/12/10...$15.00 202 per piece and above), fierce competition in the Indian cell phone industry (five out of 15 service providers sharing the market almost equally), and very cheap tariff rates (less than two cents per minute) have made cell phones affordable even to poor. Further, collective ownership models (sharing cell phones through SIM cards and payments for air-time) and flexible payment options such as micro-payments (up to a dollar) make cell phones an attractive communication medium [3]. In India, thirty percent of the nation’s 1.3 billion people are under 18[5], which is the legal age for buying cell phones in the country. Out of 910 million potential cell phone owners, 907 million had adopted the ICT innovation as of September 2011 [4]. Thus, according to the diffusion of innovation literature, the citizens above 18 who do not own cell phones can be labeled as innovation laggards. The diffusion of innovation theory [2] proposes five categories for innovation adopters: innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority, and laggards (see Figure 1). Figure 1. Adopter Categories [2] Adopter categories are the classifications of members of a social system on the basis of innovativeness, or the degree to which an individual or other unit of adoption accepts new ideas when compared to other members of a system. 1.1 Research Objective Despite the cheapest cell phone prices in the world and a host of affordable services and products offered over the cell phones, more than 3 million Indian adults – categorized as innovation laggards – do not own and/or use cell phones. To learn more about these innovation laggards, this study focused on poor female slum-dwellers who don’t own cell phones. These female slum-dwellers earn less than two dollars a day and represent one of the most disadvantaged populations in the male-dominant Indian society. The following research questions were explored as part of this ongoing study:
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2012 ALBANY, NEW YORK UNITED STATES
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Foreword The 6 th International Con
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Table of Contents Forward .........
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Session 10: ICTs & Governance Trans
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o Revival of Farming Community with
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International Steering Committee Jo
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Jim DAVIES, Computing Laboratory, U
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Session 1 Open Government Data
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the combination of their moral sent
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involve the creation of a Network o
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approach [28] to expose indicators
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4. IMPLENTING PAR In order to come
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conclusions that might arise rom th
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6.3 Large Scale Implementation In r
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Implementation Framework for Open D
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2) Usage: Assessed by quantifying t
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Increasing Kenyan Open Data Consump
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insight into available data resourc
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New Perspectives for Electronic Gov
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Not without reason therefore that t
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Another principle adopted by this s
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access to public information, chang
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Open Government 2.0: Citizen Empowe
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As a third finding, we also found a
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Session 2 E-democracy & Participati
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two polarized (optimistic or utopia
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through aggregating, shaping, and c
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in-depth expert interviews, and wer
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government made of citizens’ cont
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[8] Putman, R.D. 1994. Making Democ
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The third stream of studies reviewe
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interests, gaining access to inform
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2. THEORETICAL FOUNDATION 2.1 The P
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epresentatives from the three main
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While letters to the editor could b
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person. Table 5: Public sphere char
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[32] Yang, S., H. Lee, and S. Kurni
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In March 2000, just a couple of mon
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society the gap will close [2]. The
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A New Roadmap for Next-Generation P
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needs and the activities of policy-
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[18] Moss, S., (2010). Policy Model
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2.1. National digital inclusion exp
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advanced initiatives specifically d
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involved later [22]. Several instit
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among lecturers and students parall
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2. COMPARATIVE E-GOVERNMENT IN LATI
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governments can innovate or be disc
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2. E-GOVERNMENT AS IS 2.1. E-Govern
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ankings on the formation of nationa
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Framework for Useful Transparency W
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are doing a good job overall in reg
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The Circular Continuum of Agencies,
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continue to rely on dial-up Interne
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this time the authors continue to w
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government agencies should consider
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The critical success factors for we
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include customers and competitors,
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Websites or columns for MFWs In thi
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According to our investigation, the
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Construction of Inter-regional Publ
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The Development of Public Smart Pho
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Stage Description 1 st stage (Simpl
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Understanding Citizens’ Perceptio
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performance compared to those provi
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Session 5 Information Sharing, Mode
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arising as a result of these two bi
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forms for the system. At the same t
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further investigation of the relati
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5.3.10 Commitment Both personal and
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law. Virginia Journal of Internatio
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available to others” [5]. Informa
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conflict around information sharing
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for understanding information polic
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primarily on the information flows
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On Public Service Provision Informa
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employs workflow management technol
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o Information. Represents any infor
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common documents repository at the
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Figure 15. Full model of Passport I
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142
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policies to prevent government agen
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ecause the majority of the shared i
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A Patent System Ontology for Facili
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uilt on top of the semantics of RDF
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dynamically derive relevancy based
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Page 182 and 183: Category II: After identifying some
Page 184 and 185: [8] De Nicola, A., Missikoff, M. an
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Page 190 and 191: Here the authors wish to extend the
Page 192 and 193: http://www.ecp.gov.pk/Reports/SPStr
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Page 196 and 197: The underlying DeLP process is as f
Page 198 and 199: Preparing for Digital Curation Gove
Page 200 and 201: semester hours. Nine of the forty-f
Page 202 and 203: REGNET: Regulatory Information Mana
Page 204 and 205: Search Terms/ Concepts References D
Page 206 and 207: 4. COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF REGULATOR
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Page 210 and 211: Pollution Prevention Guide for Vehi
Page 213 and 214: From Information-Poor to Informatio
Page 215 and 216: To address the divide, specific gov
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Page 229: the policy process e.g. formulation
Page 233 and 234: Figure 3. Facilities & Services Enj
Page 235 and 236: Promoting user uptake of e-governme
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Page 246 and 247: 6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We are grateful
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Page 250 and 251: service level agreements. The inter
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Page 254 and 255: Furthermore, it is understood from
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Page 258 and 259: of mothers. Based on this reason, w
Page 260 and 261: 5.1.4 Precedence Plots Based on com
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Page 266 and 267: 7. CONCLUSION According to ORDIT an
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Page 272 and 273: From table 3, it can be deduced tha
Page 274: Session 9 Social Media in Governmen
Page 277 and 278: 1. What kind of social media servic
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Government Crisis Communication on
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estoration theory. He termed it as
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Table 3. Strategies for Pre-crisis
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accounts, among which seven message
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information in the crisis event sta
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Government Official Microblogs: An
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It is worth mentioning that, while
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Managing Chinese Government Microbl
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due to their tremendous influence,
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3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This research is
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3) Established year: to specify the
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Figure 6. Language used in Hong Kon
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E-Government and Transformation of
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and domestic as well as internation
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4.6 Computerisation of Railway Tick
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abysmally low (2.25). In addition t
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Evaluating and Assessing a Typology
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Exhaustiveness indicates that all c
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Fig. 1 Spatial Unit Fig. 3. By whom
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SUPPLEMENTARY TABLE 1. RESULT OF SE
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Explaining the eGovernment Paradox:
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eGovernment services to a large ext
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policy agenda, as Heeks [10] says,
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Implementation Plan’s outcomes an
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Conference on eGovernment (pp. 90-9
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Investigating the Relationships bet
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hybrid or authoritarian regime. Bov
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Technologies, Tools and Web 2.0 in
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with resources, peers and experts w
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cluster were: Court Clerks; Court,
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(8 questions) and the third subpart
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http://ux.brookdalecc.edu/governanc
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the examination of the 311 program
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3. CASE STUDY METHOD This study use
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discuss departmental performance at
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or laptop computers. Internet conne
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[2] Anavitarte, L. and Tratz-Ryan,
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A Literature Review: IT Governance
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Interviewees Useful? Table 3. Inter
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Assessment of Success Factors of e-
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In view of different theoretical ap
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approximate figure of 60% of intern
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difference between its priority and
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Computer Supported Contractor Selec
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(2) conduction of the public auctio
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E-Government Success Factors in the
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creating different incentives and p
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American and the Caribbean Institut
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* Note: A 7-points Likert scale was
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showed to be useful, for collecting
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Public CIO, Figurehead or Decision-
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4.2 Operative CIO The Operative CIO
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Session 12 Implementation & Impact
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NYSED is responsible for collecting
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considered markers that are able to
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many of the MDGs. The direct impact
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strongly believed that local govern
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Goal Variables Measurements 2 3 Com
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Hypothesis Variables Endogenous Exo
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[16] Joreskog, K.G., and Sorbom, D.
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GoN has addressed the challenge to
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Figures 6 and 7. Computer classes a
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ICT-enabled Delivery of Maternal He
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3. E-HEALTH 3.1 ICTs and Health Com
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Chart 1 [40] GHANA - Total Telephon
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change their behaviour, improve the
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activities such as the MoTeCH partn
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If We Build it Will They Come? A Mi
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The methodology contains inherent l
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information about their broadband s
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Session 13 E-democracy & Participat
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attempt to influence future behavio
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Evidence shows that cognitive facto
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success factors for eParticipation[
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structure of the forum as well as t
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government as well as augmenting di
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Figure 1: Message content 4.3 Messa
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Figure 6: Associated levels 4.10 At
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improve the government management e
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Session 14 Information Structure
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2. HEALTHCARE IN RURAL INDIA Health
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Cloud Data Center Internet Service
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Reliability of data: data collected
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Information System (NHIS). A Nation
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charge are either not aware of the
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from this medium. Additional securi
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attacks require the adversary to ma
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actions with yet unknown recipients
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Session 15 Measurement 2
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2. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Electronic
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Among the main limitations and chal
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Furthermore, our study demonstrates
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E-Government Portals in Central Ame
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13 Guadaloupe 31.74 14.19 14 Aruba
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Evolving e-Government Benchmarking
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judgments are made about the qualit
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percentage of online availability o
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methodology, and few national gover
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integrating them worth it? Because
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Impacts of the Public Procurement R
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Not all the municipalities have the
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3. HYPHOTESIS AND RELEVANT QUESTION
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58% of the buyers believe that the
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A strategy of evolution of the mark
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Posters
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Russian Federation legislative prop
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Figure 1. Document Flow and E-DRM P
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We further assume that each key tar
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egion that is more representative o
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2.2 C-DAC C-DAC’s PARAM series of
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The Metropolitan Area Planning Coun
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expanded functionality in three are
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For each case, semi-structured inte
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Figure 1. Comparative analysis on t
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projects and their on-site images.
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key challenges of Enterprise System
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5. PART THREE: E GOVERNMENT APPLICA
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Following the research objectives,
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From Inter-Agency Information Shari
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479
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more and more valuable with the gro
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Implementation of Integrated Tax Sy
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Information Sharing in Inter-depart
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Interagency Collaboration in Provid
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489
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noted. The list of basic e-services
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the description of procedure for mo
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Opportunities for Improving eGovern
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Prioritization and Geo-Spatiotempor
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[4] R.Bruggemann and Ganapati P. Pa
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equirements. A direct communication
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Stage - 2: Here the actual software
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membership associations, recreation
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Fig 1 : Agriculture Revolution 3. P
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sector, private sector, and civil s
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System For Measuring e-Gov: A Multi
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The Digital Divide’s Devaluing of
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[3] Coursey, D., & Norris, D.F. (20
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In Brazil, electronic accessibility
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2) The areas to which mobile and wi
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2. OVERVIEW OF DISTRICT MAPPING The
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3.4 Driving License Driving License
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and socio-economic backgrounds. The
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Figure - 2: eGovernment Implementat
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Tutorial: Digital Curation for Publ
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ut also provide sufficient detail o
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ABM is known as a bottom-up simulat
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5.2 Relation to Empirics “Where d
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Larson, Elizabeth .................
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