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Digital curation has served as an umbrella concept that spans a diversity of professions, institutions and sectors. “Digital curation” is less wedded to specific institution types than phrases such as “digital archives” or “digital libraries.” It also reflects a tendency toward increasing convergence across different types of institutions, which is driven in large part by technological changes and considerations [12]. Digital curation is a recent (and useful) phrase to designate a set of opportunities for cross-institutional and cross-disciplinary engagement that have been evolving for decades. We believe that individuals in the public sector can benefit from a better understanding of advances in digital curation. Conversely, we believe that experts in electronic governance have a great deal to contribute to the evolving dialogue around digital curation. It is our hope that this ICEGOV tutorial will help to catalyze such connections. 3. BACKGROUND TO THIS TUTORIAL Over the past decade, we have developed and administered a wide range of professional educational offerings in digital curation. Tibbo hosted the Humanities Advanced Technology and Information Institute week-long digitization workshops in March 2002, May 2003, and May 2004[1]. Since 2006, we have administered several digital curation education and professional engagement projects funded by the Institute for Museum and Library Services (IMLS): (1) Preserving Access to Our Digital Future: Building an International Digital Curation Curriculum (DigCCurr) [2], (2) DigCCurr II [3], (3) Educating Stewards of Public Information for the 21st Century (ESOPI-21) [4], (4) Closing the Digital Curation Gap (CDCG) [5], and Educating Stewards of the Public Information Infrastructure (ESOPI 2 ) [6]. These projects have generated a detailed curriculum framework [7], course modules, full graduate courses [8], week-long continuing education institutes for professionals [9] and numerous practical engagement opportunities through paid fellowships. 1 In April 2010, the SILS faculty approved a new Graduate Certificate in Digital Curation [11]. As part of the DigCCurr II project, we have offered a week-long digital curation institute for working professionals every year since 2009 [8]. The first three years of the institute were supported through funds from the IMLS. This year’s institute (2012) was funded solely through participant registration fees. The Royal Library of Denmark asked us to offer the institute for them in Copenhagen, which we administered in June 2012. This ICEGOV tutorial also builds upon "An Introduction to Digital Curation for Public Records Professionals," a workshop that we offered at the joint annual meeting of the National Association of Government Archives and Records Administrators 1 DigCCurr and ESOPI Fellows have had field placement in institutions including the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA); the North Carolina State Archives; the town of Chapel Hill, NC; Orange County, NC; NC Live; UNC- CH’s University Archives; the Odum Institute for Research in Social Science, and the Environmental Finance Center of the UNC School of Government. 529 (NAGARA) and Council of State Archivists (CoSA) on July 16 2011 in Nashville, Tennessee. 4. OUTLINE AND CONTENT Digital curation brings a wide array of opportunities and challenges. Opportunities include wider access, integrated access, representation of a wider range of human experience, persistence through redundant copying, economies of scale, and enrollment of collective expertise. Challenges include bit rot, obsolescence, social inertia, technology monitoring, limited intellectual control, complex access environments, and various barriers to conveying meaning over time. Digital resources are composed of interacting components that can be considered and accessed at different levels of representation (e.g. bitstream, through a filesystem; files as rendered through specific applications; records composed of multiple files; abstract “works”; larger aggregations such as web sites) [21]. Accessing and using a document stored as a digital object, requires the coordinated operation of various hardware and software components (e.g. storage medium, peripheral devices, operating system, device drivers, application software). To ensure integrity and future use, digital curation requires numerous decisions regarding treatment at multiple levels of representation. The challenges associated with digital curation are not only technical but also institutional, economic and political. In order for digital collections to be sustainable over time, the actors responsible for curation must continuously have appropriate expertise, resources, and a political/institutional mandate to carry out the work required. Given the cost and complexity of digital curation, as well as the potential to exploit the rich sets of relationships across individual collections, coordination of work across social boundaries is also important. When acquiring, managing and providing access to materials, professionals must consider various norms, laws, codes of ethics, policies, procedures, and personal values. As they address curation of digital information, they are increasingly discovering “policy vacuums” [18] in which there is no existing guidance on new issues, and “latent ambiguities” [19] 2 in established guidance. Digital curation requires clear articulation of policies, procedures, and practices in ways that were not previously necessary. In order to address the above considerations, the ICEGOV tutorial will be composed of the following components: • Welcome, introductions and logistics • Overview of digital curation definition, scope and main functions • Trustworthiness and assessment • The many levels of representation in digital materials – implications for curation • Lifelong learning for digital curation The content of this tutorial will address various elements of all four areas of the “Lifecycle of Electronic Governance Initiatives” identified in the ICEGOV call: planning, architecture, implementation and operations. The tutorial is designed to expose participants to a wide range of professional and strategic issues 2 Lessig borrows the term “latent ambiguity” from [20].
ut also provide sufficient detail on several topics to (1) leave participants with concrete ideas about next steps in their own work and (2) demonstrate the implications of the main ideas through specific characteristics of associated technologies. After completing the tutorial, participants should be able to: • Identify and understand the main functions of digital curation and essential transition points in the life of digital objects • Understand the collaborative nature of digital curation work and the interdependencies among various professionals and stakeholders • Identify particular aspects of current digital curation activities that are relevant to their work • Understand and be able to interact with digital information at multiple levels of representation • Be able to identify appropriate continuing education opportunities. 5. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Materials for this workshop have been developed through support of a series of grants from the Institute for Museum and Library Services (Grant Awards #RE-05-08-0060-08, # RE-05-09-0085- 09, and # RE-05-11-0076) and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. 6. REFERENCES [1] Digitization for Cultural Heritage Information Professionals, 2002-2004. UNC-Chapel Hill. http://sils.unc.edu/news/2003/DigitizationWorkshop; http://sils.unc.edu/news/2004/DigitizationWorkshop. [2] DigCCurr I: Preserving Access to Our Digital Future: Building an International Digital Curation Curriculum. http://ils.unc.edu/digccurr. [3] DigCCurr II: Extending an International Digital Curation Curriculum to Doctoral Students and Practitioners. http://ils.unc.edu/digccurr/aboutII.html. [4] Educating Stewards of Public Information in the 21 st Century. (ESOPI). http://ils.unc.edu/esopi21/index.html. [5] Closing the Digital Curation Gap. http://digitalcurationexchange.org/cdcg/?q=about. [6] Educating Stewards of the Public Information Infrastructure. (ESOPI 2 ). http://ils.unc.edu/esopi21/index.html. [7] DigCCurr. DigCCurr Matrix of Digital Curation Knowledge and Competencies. http://ils.unc.edu/digccurr/digccurrmatrix.html; DigCCurr High-Level Categories of Digital 530 Curation Functions. http://ils.unc.edu/digccurr/digccurr-functcategories.pdf. [8] DigCCurr Professional Institute: Curation Practices for the Digital Object Lifecycle. http://ils.unc.edu/digccurr/institute.html. [9] Atkins, D.E., et al. 2003. Revolutionizing Science and Engineering through Cyberinfrastructure: Report of the National Science Foundation Blue-Ribbon Advisory Panel on Cyberinfrastructure. National Science Foundation, Washington, DC. [10] Lord, P. and Macdonald A. 2003. E-Science Curation Report: Data Curation for E-Science in the UK: An Audit to Establish Requirements for Future Curation and Provision. JISC Committee for the Support of Research, London. [11] SILS, UNC-CH Digital Curation Certificate. http://sils.unc.edu/programs/certificates/digital_curation [12] Tibbo H.R. and Lee C.A. 2010. Convergence through Capabilities: Digital Curation Education for Libraries, Archives and Museums. In Archiving 2010: Final Program and Proceedings, June 1-4, 2010, Den Haag, The Netherlands. Society for Imaging Science and Technology, Springfield, VA, 53-57. [13] Beagire, Neil and Pothen, P. 2001. The Digital Curation: Digital Archives, Libraries and E-Science Seminar. Ariadne 30, http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue30/digital-curation/. [14] Ray, J. 2009. Sharks, Digital Curation, and the Education of Information Professionals. Museum Management and Curatorship 24, no. 4, 357-68. [17] Lee, C.A. and Tibbo H.R. 2007. Digital Curation and Trusted Repositories: Steps Toward Success. Journal of Digital Information 8, no. 2. [18] Moor, J.H. 1985. What Is Computer Ethics? Metaphilosophy 16, no. 4, 266-75. [19] Lessig L. 2006. Code: Version 2.0. Basic Books, New York, NY, 25-28, 155-277. [20] Williston, S. 1957. A Treatise on the Law of Contracts, 3rd ed., ed. by Walter H.E. Jaeger. N (Baker, Voorhis, Mount Kisco, NY, 627, 898. [21] Lee, C. A. Forthcoming. Digital Curation as Communication Mediation. In Handbook of Technical Communication, edited by Alexander Mehler, Laurent Romary, and Dafydd Gibbon. Mouton De Gruyter.
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2012 ALBANY, NEW YORK UNITED STATES
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Foreword The 6 th International Con
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Table of Contents Forward .........
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Session 10: ICTs & Governance Trans
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o Revival of Farming Community with
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International Steering Committee Jo
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Jim DAVIES, Computing Laboratory, U
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Session 1 Open Government Data
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the combination of their moral sent
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involve the creation of a Network o
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approach [28] to expose indicators
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4. IMPLENTING PAR In order to come
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conclusions that might arise rom th
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6.3 Large Scale Implementation In r
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Implementation Framework for Open D
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2) Usage: Assessed by quantifying t
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Increasing Kenyan Open Data Consump
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insight into available data resourc
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New Perspectives for Electronic Gov
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Not without reason therefore that t
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Another principle adopted by this s
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access to public information, chang
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Open Government 2.0: Citizen Empowe
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As a third finding, we also found a
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Session 2 E-democracy & Participati
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two polarized (optimistic or utopia
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through aggregating, shaping, and c
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in-depth expert interviews, and wer
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government made of citizens’ cont
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[8] Putman, R.D. 1994. Making Democ
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The third stream of studies reviewe
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interests, gaining access to inform
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2. THEORETICAL FOUNDATION 2.1 The P
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epresentatives from the three main
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While letters to the editor could b
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person. Table 5: Public sphere char
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[32] Yang, S., H. Lee, and S. Kurni
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In March 2000, just a couple of mon
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society the gap will close [2]. The
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A New Roadmap for Next-Generation P
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needs and the activities of policy-
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[18] Moss, S., (2010). Policy Model
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2.1. National digital inclusion exp
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advanced initiatives specifically d
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involved later [22]. Several instit
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among lecturers and students parall
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2. COMPARATIVE E-GOVERNMENT IN LATI
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governments can innovate or be disc
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2. E-GOVERNMENT AS IS 2.1. E-Govern
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ankings on the formation of nationa
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Framework for Useful Transparency W
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are doing a good job overall in reg
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The Circular Continuum of Agencies,
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continue to rely on dial-up Interne
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this time the authors continue to w
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government agencies should consider
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The critical success factors for we
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include customers and competitors,
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Websites or columns for MFWs In thi
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According to our investigation, the
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Construction of Inter-regional Publ
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The Development of Public Smart Pho
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Stage Description 1 st stage (Simpl
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Understanding Citizens’ Perceptio
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performance compared to those provi
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Session 5 Information Sharing, Mode
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arising as a result of these two bi
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forms for the system. At the same t
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further investigation of the relati
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5.3.10 Commitment Both personal and
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law. Virginia Journal of Internatio
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available to others” [5]. Informa
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conflict around information sharing
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for understanding information polic
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primarily on the information flows
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On Public Service Provision Informa
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employs workflow management technol
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o Information. Represents any infor
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common documents repository at the
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Figure 15. Full model of Passport I
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142
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policies to prevent government agen
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ecause the majority of the shared i
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A Patent System Ontology for Facili
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uilt on top of the semantics of RDF
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dynamically derive relevancy based
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Figure 6. Cross-‐Reference betw
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Category II: After identifying some
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[8] De Nicola, A., Missikoff, M. an
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oral option, it also allows for a m
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mapping of citizens would ensure un
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Here the authors wish to extend the
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http://www.ecp.gov.pk/Reports/SPStr
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will enable to assess and confront
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The underlying DeLP process is as f
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Preparing for Digital Curation Gove
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semester hours. Nine of the forty-f
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REGNET: Regulatory Information Mana
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Search Terms/ Concepts References D
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4. COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF REGULATOR
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1105.4 [6] Content of Section 1105.
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Pollution Prevention Guide for Vehi
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From Information-Poor to Informatio
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To address the divide, specific gov
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ICT for Development and the MuNet P
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competencies and skills, contributi
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ICT Policy in Africa - A Comparativ
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essential and necessary to guide th
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Kenya it is the minister for Inform
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of existing Public Internet Access
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the policy process e.g. formulation
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Laggards or Victims of Socioeconomi
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Figure 3. Facilities & Services Enj
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Promoting user uptake of e-governme
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It was also decided that it was nec
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Session 8 Measurement 1
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technology (IT) projects by governm
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Gap = 5; The weak and unreliable In
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6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We are grateful
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aspects are hardly discussed as the
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service level agreements. The inter
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concensus of all participants, the
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Furthermore, it is understood from
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Mobile Technologies on the Internet
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of mothers. Based on this reason, w
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5.1.4 Precedence Plots Based on com
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3 indicators are similar but not th
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Latitude 10°�S 9°�S 8°�S 7
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7. CONCLUSION According to ORDIT an
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include but not limited to: payment
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Categories Only XSS (%) Table 2: Di
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From table 3, it can be deduced tha
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Session 9 Social Media in Governmen
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1. What kind of social media servic
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4.2.1 Facebook Usage Figure 3. Perc
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Government Crisis Communication on
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estoration theory. He termed it as
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Table 3. Strategies for Pre-crisis
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accounts, among which seven message
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information in the crisis event sta
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Government Official Microblogs: An
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It is worth mentioning that, while
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Managing Chinese Government Microbl
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due to their tremendous influence,
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3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This research is
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3) Established year: to specify the
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Figure 6. Language used in Hong Kon
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E-Government and Transformation of
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and domestic as well as internation
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4.6 Computerisation of Railway Tick
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abysmally low (2.25). In addition t
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Evaluating and Assessing a Typology
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Exhaustiveness indicates that all c
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Fig. 1 Spatial Unit Fig. 3. By whom
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SUPPLEMENTARY TABLE 1. RESULT OF SE
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Explaining the eGovernment Paradox:
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eGovernment services to a large ext
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policy agenda, as Heeks [10] says,
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Implementation Plan’s outcomes an
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Conference on eGovernment (pp. 90-9
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Investigating the Relationships bet
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hybrid or authoritarian regime. Bov
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Technologies, Tools and Web 2.0 in
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with resources, peers and experts w
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cluster were: Court Clerks; Court,
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(8 questions) and the third subpart
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http://ux.brookdalecc.edu/governanc
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the examination of the 311 program
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3. CASE STUDY METHOD This study use
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discuss departmental performance at
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or laptop computers. Internet conne
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[2] Anavitarte, L. and Tratz-Ryan,
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A Literature Review: IT Governance
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Interviewees Useful? Table 3. Inter
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Assessment of Success Factors of e-
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In view of different theoretical ap
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approximate figure of 60% of intern
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difference between its priority and
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Computer Supported Contractor Selec
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(2) conduction of the public auctio
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E-Government Success Factors in the
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creating different incentives and p
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American and the Caribbean Institut
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* Note: A 7-points Likert scale was
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showed to be useful, for collecting
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Public CIO, Figurehead or Decision-
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4.2 Operative CIO The Operative CIO
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Session 12 Implementation & Impact
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NYSED is responsible for collecting
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considered markers that are able to
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many of the MDGs. The direct impact
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strongly believed that local govern
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Goal Variables Measurements 2 3 Com
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Hypothesis Variables Endogenous Exo
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[16] Joreskog, K.G., and Sorbom, D.
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GoN has addressed the challenge to
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Figures 6 and 7. Computer classes a
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ICT-enabled Delivery of Maternal He
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3. E-HEALTH 3.1 ICTs and Health Com
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Chart 1 [40] GHANA - Total Telephon
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change their behaviour, improve the
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activities such as the MoTeCH partn
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If We Build it Will They Come? A Mi
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The methodology contains inherent l
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information about their broadband s
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Session 13 E-democracy & Participat
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attempt to influence future behavio
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Evidence shows that cognitive facto
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success factors for eParticipation[
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structure of the forum as well as t
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government as well as augmenting di
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Figure 1: Message content 4.3 Messa
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Figure 6: Associated levels 4.10 At
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improve the government management e
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Session 14 Information Structure
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2. HEALTHCARE IN RURAL INDIA Health
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Cloud Data Center Internet Service
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Reliability of data: data collected
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Information System (NHIS). A Nation
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charge are either not aware of the
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from this medium. Additional securi
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attacks require the adversary to ma
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actions with yet unknown recipients
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Session 15 Measurement 2
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2. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Electronic
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Among the main limitations and chal
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Furthermore, our study demonstrates
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E-Government Portals in Central Ame
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13 Guadaloupe 31.74 14.19 14 Aruba
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Evolving e-Government Benchmarking
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judgments are made about the qualit
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percentage of online availability o
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methodology, and few national gover
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integrating them worth it? Because
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Impacts of the Public Procurement R
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Not all the municipalities have the
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3. HYPHOTESIS AND RELEVANT QUESTION
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58% of the buyers believe that the
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A strategy of evolution of the mark
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Posters
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Russian Federation legislative prop
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Figure 1. Document Flow and E-DRM P
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We further assume that each key tar
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egion that is more representative o
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2.2 C-DAC C-DAC’s PARAM series of
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The Metropolitan Area Planning Coun
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expanded functionality in three are
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For each case, semi-structured inte
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Figure 1. Comparative analysis on t
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projects and their on-site images.
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key challenges of Enterprise System
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5. PART THREE: E GOVERNMENT APPLICA
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Following the research objectives,
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From Inter-Agency Information Shari
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479
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