icegov2012 proceedings

3. OUR APPROACH
3.1. Descriptions
In our approach (the architecture is presented on figure 1), we
distinguish three types of stakeholders:
Data collector who is responsible for entering data. He uses on
his client station a web browser and enters data through HTML
forms;
Administrator who builds masks seized to be used by the data
collector (forms of epidemiological data collection, record to
establish the birth certificates etc..). It uses a layout editor
WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get);
Engineer who built widgets used in the mask editing tool.
A widget describes how this entry will be made on a form
(HTML) and how it will be controlled on the client side
(JavaScript).
In order to satisfy all criteria simultaneously, we chose a hybrid
approach based on the following design choices: to ensure the
readiness and robustness, we rely on a rapid and widespread
media: the GSM network to ensure reliability and data
completeness, we rely on standard forms (which check the data
entered) to ensure the safety and versatility we rely on proxies
(mandatory servers) in which can be adapted and specialize
different treatments of the data entered.
In this architecture, the administrator builds input masks
according to its data needs and the available widgets. These entry
forms are sent to proxies to generate two entities:
the HTML form, generated by proxies on client machines,
equivalent to the input mask set. These forms allow HTML in a
browser input data by the data collector. Instrumented by Java
Script scripts, they provide a upstream check of the validity of
data; a format representation of the messages exchanged on the
network. These message formats are used by proxies to set the
construction of messages sent from clients to the server (data
entered in the spread sheets). These messages should be as small
as possible to limit the number of SMS sent and format of ASCII
characters.
For example, the administrator can define a mask form that will
contain two fields: a person's sex and age. From this form and the
definition of widgets, the following HTML code can be generated
to the destination browser data collector:
function validate()
{
if(document.form1.age.value99)
{
alert("age must be between 0 and 99 years");
}
}
Age :
Sexe : Homme
Femme
This generation is local and does not cost anything in terms of
network. The message containing the mask (message sent via
SMS) may contain: S, A. where A is the name given to the age
fields and S is the name given to the Gender field. The description
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of widgets is already known by proxies, the network cost is
negligible (1 SMS) to send this mask.
Figure 1. Our approach architecture.
3.2. Implementation
In the following, we present the field in which we chose to
implement our approach and methodology that we used to
implement it.
3.2.1. Methodology
We chose to use model Driven Architecture (MDA). These
methods rely on the use of meta-models (Domain Specific
Language or DSL), consistent with these models and DSL tools.
DSLs are languages specific to a particular area. A DSL is a
language and like all languages it has syntax. This syntax is
divided into two parts: the set of domain elements (abstract
syntax) and the representation (concrete syntax) that can be either
graphical or textual, knowing that an element can have several
different representations (corresponding to an abstract
syntax several concrete syntax). These DSLs are used to build
tools that allow entry of a conforming model in DSL.
The engineer has at his disposal a tool to describe the widgets
used in the masks. Each widget has a name and a description
HTML and Java Script. All of these widgets from the abstract
syntax.
By giving the HTML and Java Script code verification, it gives a
first concrete syntax that will be the HTML form with the
verification code JavaScript. Once the DSL defined, description of
new widgets is sent via SMS to proxies and a second concrete
syntax is generated: the representation format masks. Finally the
tool used by the administrator is automatically generated. When
adding or editing a mask, this mask is sent to new proxies.
Finally, when the data collector completes and submits a form, the
proxies marshaling unmarshalling and the arguments for sending
SMS to the server. In the following, we present the scope of our
approach.
3.2.2. Health Information System
A health system is a set of organizations, institutions, resources
and people whose main objective is to improve health [9]. Only
accurate and reliable can help to develop a policy based on
evidence that can lead the optimal management of health
programs and, especially, to trigger actions that can improve wellbeing
of the population. Thus, the performance of health systems
depends critically on the performance of National Health