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8. REFERENCES [1] OECD. Future of the Internet Economy: A statistical profile. June 2011 update [2] McKinsey Global Institute. Internet matters, the net’s sweeping impact on growth, jobs, and prosperity. May 2011 [3] Eurostat. Individuals regularly using the Internet: Percentage of individuals aged 16 to 74 (Code tin00091): http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init =1&language=en&pcode=tin00091&plugin=1 [4] International Telecommunications Union website. http://www.itu.int [5] Internal Revenue Service website. http://www.irs.gov [6] United Nations. World Public Sector Report 2003: E- Government at the Crossroads. Department of Economic and Social Affairs, New York, 2003. [7] United Nations. Global E-Government Readiness Report: Towards Access for Opportunity. UNDESA, New York, 2004. [8] United Nations. Global E-Government Survey: Leveraging E-government at a Time of Financial and Economic Crisis. UNDESA, New York, 2010 [9] United Nations. Global E-Government Survey: E- Government for the People, UNDESA, New York, 2012 [10] Government of Singapore (2010) “New Singapore e- Government Masterplan to Connect with the People.” Government of Singapore. June 14, 2010. http://www.thegovmonitor.com/world_news/asia/newsingap ore- e-government-masterplan-to-connect-with-the people- 33531.HTML (accessed March 2011). [11] European Commission (2011) ” Proposal for Amending Directive 2003/98/EC on re-use of public sector information” COM(2011) 877 final, Brussels, 12.12.2011 [12] Government of Australia (2011) “Guidelines for open data in Australia”, September 2011: http://www.data.gov.au. [13] Government of UK (2011) “The G-Cloud Programme”, available from: http://gcloud.civilservice.gov.uk/ [14] Junger (2010), “Future eGovernment: towards the cloud of public services”, <strong>proceedings</strong> of Eastern European eGovernment Days, 21-23 April 2010, Jean-François Junger of DG INFSO, European Commission. [15] International Telecommunications Union. October 19, 2010:. www.itu.int/net/pressoffice/press_releases/2010/39.aspx#url [16] Eurostat. E-government on-line availability: Percentage of online availability of 20 basic public services (Code: tsiir120). http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init =1&language=en&pcode=tsiir120&plugin=1 439 [17] Eurostat. E-government usage by individuals by gender: Percentage of individuals aged 16 to 74 using the Internet for interaction with public authorities (Code: tsiir130). http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init =1&language=en&pcode=tsiir130&plugin=1 [18] Do Je-hae. The Korea Times. “E-Government Web Sites Underutilized,” February, 19, 2010: http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2010/02/117 _61097.HTML [19] Economist Intelligence Unit. E-readiness rankings 2009: The usage imperative. [20] European Commission, eGovernment Action Plan 2011- 2015, online at: http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/ activities/egovernment/action_plan_2011_2015/index_en.ht m, last retrieved 13/03/2012. [21] Obama, Barack. Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies: Transparency and Open Government. 2009: http://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/Transparencyan dOpenGovernment/ [22] The Kenya Open Data Initiative website. https://opendata.go.ke [23] European Commission. Digital Agenda website.: http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/digitalagenda/index_en.htm [24] European Commission. i2010 High Level Group: Benchmarking Digital Europe 2011-2015 a conceptual framework. 2009: http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/eeurope/i2010/docs/b enchmarking/benchmarking_digital_europe_2011-2015.pdf [25] Millard, J (2008) “eGovernment measurement for policy makers”, European Journal of ePractice, No. 4 Efficiency and Effectiveness, June 2008, European Commission, DG INFSO: http://www.epractice.eu [26] Eurostat. E-government usage by individuals by gender: Percentage of individuals aged 16 to 74 using the Internet for interaction with public authorities (Code: tsiir130). http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init =1&language=en&pcode=tsiir130&plugin=1 [27] Reece, Bryan, and Kim Andreasson. Institutional E- Government Development. Handbook of Research on Strategies for Local E-Government Adoption and Implementation: Comparative Studies. Edited by Christopher G. Reddick. IGI Global 2009, pp. 137-162 [28] Nigel Shadbolt, Wendy Hall, Tim Berners-Lee (2006). "The Semantic Web Revisited". IEEE Intelligent Systems. http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/12614/1/Semantic_Web_Revist ed.pdf Retrieved April 15, 2010.
Impacts of the Public Procurement Reform in Chile on the Municipal Level Gastón Concha University of Santo Tomás Vergara 301, Piso 3 Santiago, Chile 562.938.4609 gconcha@santotomas.cl ABSTRACT This study measures the impact that the Reform of the System of Public Procurement, driven by Chile’s central government, had in the municipalities. Traditionally, local governments present unequal development, at least in terms of the level of resources and the size of population looked after. Moreover, many studies show that municipalities have lead the ranking in the perception of corruption in Chile. Two hypotheses were proposed. The first is that the impacts and benefits, that the Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs)-driven reform have had on public procurement tend to be less than desired. The second affirms that an e-procurement system can significantly augment the level of transparency; however, an automatic reduction in the level of corruption will not be apparent. The study was based on two surveys conducted with municipality buyers and vendors. Corruption and transparency were chosen as the primary focus. Other impacts measured include the efficiency of the internal processes, cultural aspects and normative and institutional aspects. The most relevant conclusions were two - the reform of public procurement in Chile increased the level of transparency; and the greatest transparency perceived in purchasing processes has not shown a lessening in the level of corruption. Categories and Subject Descriptors H.4.0 [Information System Applications]: General; C 4.0 [Performance System]: Measurement techniques General Terms Management, Masurement, Performance, Human Factors, Standardization, Legal Aspects Keywords E-Procurement; Municipalities; ICT; Impact Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. ICEGOV '12, October 22 - 25 2012, Albany, NY, USA Copyright 2012 ACM 978-1-4503-1200-4/12/10...$15.00 440 Roberto Anrique Business Technology Group Apoquindo 6410, Of. 212 Las Condes, Santiago, Chile 569.9318.3918 roberto@btg.cl 1. INTRODUCTION Public procurement mobilizes millions of dollars annually and fosters the development of private enterprises and public organizations. It approves large budgets that are sometimes spent on initiatives of questionable value. It awards big bids on public works to companies that are regularly questioned by the public opinion. In particular, it appears that a sense of “false transparency” persists in the processes of purchases and awards and in the quality of concrete results. To the extent that the public procurement is more transparent to the community, the sensitivity and the critical mindset grows, so is the case of the municipalities. According to the portal of the System of Procurement in Chile, the total amount of the procurement generated by the municipalities in Chile during 2009 corresponded to approximately 21% of the total compromised 1 . In the year 2009 the total sum of the ordered procurement reached $6,200,000 US dollars. That corresponds to $1,630,000 in purchasing orders. In the particular case of Chile, there has been a profound change in the processes of public procurement. New institutions have been created. These include the Dirección de Compras y Contrataciones Públicas and the Tribune of Public Contracting. A unique registry of state vendors has also been created. The register is administered by a private entity (Chileproveedores). Information technologies have been introduced to the processes of procurement, electronic catalogues for products and convenient frameworks agreements have been generated, and new vendors have been incorporated and trained. At the same time there exists a very significant advance in the transparency of public procurement. However, doubts persist with respect to the true impact of the reduction of corruption and the use of privileged information in the processes of acquisition, as well as the continuation of “favorite vendors” that make it difficult to have an environment of truly free competition. In the same sense the results of various surveys about technical organizations such as the CERC, CEP and the Instituto de Libertad y Desarrollo are worrying, as they show these institutions are among the most corrupt in the country. Confusion exists in many cases with respect to the impact on small-scale vendors. There are those who indicate that opportunities are opened for the SME (small and medium-sized 1 Source:Chilecompra, 2009.
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2012 ALBANY, NEW YORK UNITED STATES
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Foreword The 6 th International Con
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Table of Contents Forward .........
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Session 10: ICTs & Governance Trans
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o Revival of Farming Community with
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International Steering Committee Jo
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Jim DAVIES, Computing Laboratory, U
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Session 1 Open Government Data
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the combination of their moral sent
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involve the creation of a Network o
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approach [28] to expose indicators
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4. IMPLENTING PAR In order to come
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conclusions that might arise rom th
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6.3 Large Scale Implementation In r
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Implementation Framework for Open D
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2) Usage: Assessed by quantifying t
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Increasing Kenyan Open Data Consump
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insight into available data resourc
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New Perspectives for Electronic Gov
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Not without reason therefore that t
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Another principle adopted by this s
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access to public information, chang
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Open Government 2.0: Citizen Empowe
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As a third finding, we also found a
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Session 2 E-democracy & Participati
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two polarized (optimistic or utopia
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through aggregating, shaping, and c
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in-depth expert interviews, and wer
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government made of citizens’ cont
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[8] Putman, R.D. 1994. Making Democ
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The third stream of studies reviewe
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interests, gaining access to inform
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2. THEORETICAL FOUNDATION 2.1 The P
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epresentatives from the three main
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While letters to the editor could b
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person. Table 5: Public sphere char
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[32] Yang, S., H. Lee, and S. Kurni
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In March 2000, just a couple of mon
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society the gap will close [2]. The
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A New Roadmap for Next-Generation P
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needs and the activities of policy-
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[18] Moss, S., (2010). Policy Model
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2.1. National digital inclusion exp
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advanced initiatives specifically d
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involved later [22]. Several instit
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among lecturers and students parall
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2. COMPARATIVE E-GOVERNMENT IN LATI
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governments can innovate or be disc
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2. E-GOVERNMENT AS IS 2.1. E-Govern
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ankings on the formation of nationa
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Framework for Useful Transparency W
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are doing a good job overall in reg
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The Circular Continuum of Agencies,
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continue to rely on dial-up Interne
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this time the authors continue to w
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government agencies should consider
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The critical success factors for we
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include customers and competitors,
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Websites or columns for MFWs In thi
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According to our investigation, the
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Construction of Inter-regional Publ
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The Development of Public Smart Pho
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Stage Description 1 st stage (Simpl
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Understanding Citizens’ Perceptio
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performance compared to those provi
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Session 5 Information Sharing, Mode
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arising as a result of these two bi
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forms for the system. At the same t
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further investigation of the relati
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5.3.10 Commitment Both personal and
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law. Virginia Journal of Internatio
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available to others” [5]. Informa
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conflict around information sharing
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for understanding information polic
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primarily on the information flows
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On Public Service Provision Informa
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employs workflow management technol
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o Information. Represents any infor
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common documents repository at the
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Figure 15. Full model of Passport I
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142
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policies to prevent government agen
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ecause the majority of the shared i
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A Patent System Ontology for Facili
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uilt on top of the semantics of RDF
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dynamically derive relevancy based
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Figure 6. Cross-‐Reference betw
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Category II: After identifying some
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[8] De Nicola, A., Missikoff, M. an
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oral option, it also allows for a m
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mapping of citizens would ensure un
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Here the authors wish to extend the
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http://www.ecp.gov.pk/Reports/SPStr
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will enable to assess and confront
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The underlying DeLP process is as f
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Preparing for Digital Curation Gove
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semester hours. Nine of the forty-f
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REGNET: Regulatory Information Mana
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Search Terms/ Concepts References D
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4. COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF REGULATOR
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1105.4 [6] Content of Section 1105.
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Pollution Prevention Guide for Vehi
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From Information-Poor to Informatio
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To address the divide, specific gov
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ICT for Development and the MuNet P
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competencies and skills, contributi
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ICT Policy in Africa - A Comparativ
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essential and necessary to guide th
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Kenya it is the minister for Inform
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of existing Public Internet Access
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the policy process e.g. formulation
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Laggards or Victims of Socioeconomi
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Figure 3. Facilities & Services Enj
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Promoting user uptake of e-governme
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It was also decided that it was nec
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Session 8 Measurement 1
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technology (IT) projects by governm
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Gap = 5; The weak and unreliable In
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6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We are grateful
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aspects are hardly discussed as the
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service level agreements. The inter
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concensus of all participants, the
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Furthermore, it is understood from
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Mobile Technologies on the Internet
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of mothers. Based on this reason, w
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5.1.4 Precedence Plots Based on com
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3 indicators are similar but not th
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Latitude 10°�S 9°�S 8°�S 7
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7. CONCLUSION According to ORDIT an
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include but not limited to: payment
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Categories Only XSS (%) Table 2: Di
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From table 3, it can be deduced tha
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Session 9 Social Media in Governmen
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1. What kind of social media servic
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4.2.1 Facebook Usage Figure 3. Perc
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Government Crisis Communication on
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estoration theory. He termed it as
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Table 3. Strategies for Pre-crisis
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accounts, among which seven message
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information in the crisis event sta
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Government Official Microblogs: An
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It is worth mentioning that, while
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Managing Chinese Government Microbl
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due to their tremendous influence,
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3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This research is
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3) Established year: to specify the
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Figure 6. Language used in Hong Kon
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E-Government and Transformation of
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and domestic as well as internation
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4.6 Computerisation of Railway Tick
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abysmally low (2.25). In addition t
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Evaluating and Assessing a Typology
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Exhaustiveness indicates that all c
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Fig. 1 Spatial Unit Fig. 3. By whom
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SUPPLEMENTARY TABLE 1. RESULT OF SE
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Explaining the eGovernment Paradox:
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eGovernment services to a large ext
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policy agenda, as Heeks [10] says,
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Implementation Plan’s outcomes an
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Conference on eGovernment (pp. 90-9
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Investigating the Relationships bet
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hybrid or authoritarian regime. Bov
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Technologies, Tools and Web 2.0 in
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with resources, peers and experts w
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cluster were: Court Clerks; Court,
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(8 questions) and the third subpart
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http://ux.brookdalecc.edu/governanc
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the examination of the 311 program
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3. CASE STUDY METHOD This study use
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discuss departmental performance at
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or laptop computers. Internet conne
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[2] Anavitarte, L. and Tratz-Ryan,
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A Literature Review: IT Governance
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Interviewees Useful? Table 3. Inter
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Assessment of Success Factors of e-
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In view of different theoretical ap
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approximate figure of 60% of intern
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difference between its priority and
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Computer Supported Contractor Selec
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(2) conduction of the public auctio
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E-Government Success Factors in the
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creating different incentives and p
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American and the Caribbean Institut
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* Note: A 7-points Likert scale was
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showed to be useful, for collecting
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Public CIO, Figurehead or Decision-
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4.2 Operative CIO The Operative CIO
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Session 12 Implementation & Impact
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NYSED is responsible for collecting
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considered markers that are able to
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many of the MDGs. The direct impact
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strongly believed that local govern
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Goal Variables Measurements 2 3 Com
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Hypothesis Variables Endogenous Exo
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[16] Joreskog, K.G., and Sorbom, D.
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GoN has addressed the challenge to
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Figures 6 and 7. Computer classes a
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ICT-enabled Delivery of Maternal He
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3. E-HEALTH 3.1 ICTs and Health Com
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Chart 1 [40] GHANA - Total Telephon
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change their behaviour, improve the
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activities such as the MoTeCH partn
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If We Build it Will They Come? A Mi
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The methodology contains inherent l
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information about their broadband s
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Session 13 E-democracy & Participat
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attempt to influence future behavio
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Evidence shows that cognitive facto
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success factors for eParticipation[
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Page 446 and 447: 2. HEALTHCARE IN RURAL INDIA Health
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Page 450 and 451: Reliability of data: data collected
Page 452 and 453: Information System (NHIS). A Nation
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Page 465 and 466: 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Electronic
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Page 471 and 472: E-Government Portals in Central Ame
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Page 475 and 476: Evolving e-Government Benchmarking
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Page 489 and 490: 3. HYPHOTESIS AND RELEVANT QUESTION
Page 491 and 492: 58% of the buyers believe that the
Page 493 and 494: A strategy of evolution of the mark
Page 495: Posters
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Page 502 and 503: We further assume that each key tar
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Page 506 and 507: 2.2 C-DAC C-DAC’s PARAM series of
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Page 512 and 513: For each case, semi-structured inte
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Page 518 and 519: key challenges of Enterprise System
Page 520 and 521: 5. PART THREE: E GOVERNMENT APPLICA
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Interagency Collaboration in Provid
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489
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noted. The list of basic e-services
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the description of procedure for mo
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Opportunities for Improving eGovern
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Prioritization and Geo-Spatiotempor
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[4] R.Bruggemann and Ganapati P. Pa
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equirements. A direct communication
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Stage - 2: Here the actual software
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membership associations, recreation
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Fig 1 : Agriculture Revolution 3. P
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sector, private sector, and civil s
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System For Measuring e-Gov: A Multi
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The Digital Divide’s Devaluing of
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[3] Coursey, D., & Norris, D.F. (20
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In Brazil, electronic accessibility
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2) The areas to which mobile and wi
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2. OVERVIEW OF DISTRICT MAPPING The
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3.4 Driving License Driving License
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and socio-economic backgrounds. The
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Figure - 2: eGovernment Implementat
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Tutorial: Digital Curation for Publ
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ut also provide sufficient detail o
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ABM is known as a bottom-up simulat
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5.2 Relation to Empirics “Where d
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Larson, Elizabeth .................
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