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[8] Putman, R.D. 1994. Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy [Paperback]. Princeton University Press. [9] Santarem, P.R. da S. 2010. O direito achado na rede: a emergência do acesso à Internet como direito fundamental no Brasil. UNB. [10] Steibel, F. and Coleman, S. 2011. The problem of negative advertising: content-based regulation of political 43 advertising in Brazil and in the US. Institute of Communications Studies. University of Leeds. [11] The Public Index: 2012. http://thepublicindex.org/about. Accessed: 2012-01-13. [12] Wright, S. and Street, J. 2007. Democracy, deliberation and design: the case of online discussion forums. New Media & Society. 9, 5 (Oct. 2007), 849-869.
E-Participation in the Era of Web 2.0: Factors Affecting Citizens’ Active E-Participation in Local Governance Jooho Lee University of Nebraska at Omaha 6001 Dodge Street Omaha, Nebraska 68182 1-402-554-2756 jooholee@unomaha.edu ABSTRACT The study develops a model of active e-participation and tests it in the context of local governance. By building on and extending the existing literature on citizen participation, technology acceptance model and social networks, the study asserts that citizens’ perceptions of the intrinsic and instrumental value of participation, and the strength of their social networks are associated with their active e-participation. Using the 2009 E-Participation Survey data collected from Seoul Metropolitan Government, we found that eparticipants actively use e-participation when they perceive a greater intrinsic value of e-participation. By further analyzing Male and Female models separately, we also found that male eparticipants who perceive greater instrumental value of eparticipation are likely to use e-participation actively. The findings, however, indicate that women who perceived a greater intrinsic value of e-participation and are embedded in weaker offline social networks are likely to actively use e-participation. Categories and Subject Descriptors H.4.3 General Terms Management, Human Factors Keywords: E-Participation, TAM, Intrinsic and Instrumental Motivation, Social Networks 1. INTRODUCTION Recently, government embraces Web 2.0 – various networked applications as a platform for user-generated information and collaboration on the Web [1] – to facilitate various forms of electronic participation (e-participation) such as online policy forums. E-participation is broadly defined as web-based applications enabling government to provide information and support “top-down” engagement, and/or to foster “ground-up” efforts to empower citizens in order to gain their support [2]. In Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. ICEGOV '12, October 22 -‐ 25 2012, Albany, NY, United States, NY, USA Copyright 2012 ACM 978-‐1-‐4503-‐1200-‐4/12/10…$15.00. 44 Soonhee Kim Syracuse University 306 Eggers Hall Syracuse, New York 13244 1-315-443-1282 soonheekim@maxwell.syr.edu this research, we focus on a “ground-up” approach to eparticipation. A growing body of literature has touted eparticipation as a means of facilitating greater citizen participation in the policy making process. The literature, however, has left significant gaps in our understanding of the motivational and social factors affecting citizens’ active use of new technology in the context of citizen participation. Considering that eparticipation using Web 2.0 is primarily driven by citizens, not government, the potential of e-participation is problematic when it is not actively used by citizens. To fill some of these gaps, this study explores how citizens’ active use of e-participation is facilitated by their perceptions of intrinsic and instrumental values of e-participation and strength of social networks where citizens are embedded in an offline setting. To test research hypotheses, the study uses the 2009 E- Participation Survey data collected from the members of Cheon Man Sang Sang Oasis (hereafter Oasis), which is an eparticipation program run by Seoul Metropolitan Government (SMG) in South Korea since 2006. As a form of online policy forum, the Oasis has served as an e-participation tool for citizens to participate in policy making, especially the policy agenda setting process [3]. Using Oasis, citizens view, submit and share their ideas and suggestions on SMG policies associated with community and governance issues. Specifically, the Oasis is equipped with Web 2.0 functions to offer well-organized and systematic services including participants-led creation of their policy inputs on proposed SMG policies and collaboration with other participants to share their policy inputs and feedback. 2. MODEL AND HYPOTHESES From the citizens’ perspective, this study focuses on two types of citizen participation values. The intrinsic value of citizen participation has been supported because it is an essential means of building and sustaining democratic systems by enabling citizens to be more educated, developed, and informed [4]. Advocates of the instrumental value have highlighted that citizen participation serves as a means of affecting and monitoring government bureaucracy, which enhances citizens’ control over administrative process and, in turn, promotes a sense of ownership and empowerment [4, 5]. The second stream of research reviewed for the development of study model is the technology acceptance model (TAM). The essence of TAM is that individuals adopt IT applications when they perceive usefulness and ease of use of the IT applications [6]. TAM has been widely extended by embracing new constructs such as trust (see Venkatesh et al [7] for review) in diverse research context [8].
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2012 ALBANY, NEW YORK UNITED STATES
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Foreword The 6 th International Con
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Table of Contents Forward .........
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Session 10: ICTs & Governance Trans
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o Revival of Farming Community with
Page 12 and 13: International Steering Committee Jo
Page 14 and 15: Jim DAVIES, Computing Laboratory, U
Page 16: Session 1 Open Government Data
Page 19 and 20: the combination of their moral sent
Page 21 and 22: involve the creation of a Network o
Page 23 and 24: approach [28] to expose indicators
Page 25 and 26: 4. IMPLENTING PAR In order to come
Page 27 and 28: conclusions that might arise rom th
Page 29 and 30: 6.3 Large Scale Implementation In r
Page 31 and 32: Implementation Framework for Open D
Page 33 and 34: 2) Usage: Assessed by quantifying t
Page 35 and 36: Increasing Kenyan Open Data Consump
Page 37 and 38: insight into available data resourc
Page 39 and 40: New Perspectives for Electronic Gov
Page 41 and 42: Not without reason therefore that t
Page 43 and 44: Another principle adopted by this s
Page 45 and 46: access to public information, chang
Page 47 and 48: Open Government 2.0: Citizen Empowe
Page 49 and 50: As a third finding, we also found a
Page 51: Session 2 E-democracy & Participati
Page 54 and 55: two polarized (optimistic or utopia
Page 56 and 57: through aggregating, shaping, and c
Page 58 and 59: in-depth expert interviews, and wer
Page 60 and 61: government made of citizens’ cont
Page 64 and 65: The third stream of studies reviewe
Page 66 and 67: interests, gaining access to inform
Page 68 and 69: 2. THEORETICAL FOUNDATION 2.1 The P
Page 70 and 71: epresentatives from the three main
Page 72 and 73: While letters to the editor could b
Page 74 and 75: person. Table 5: Public sphere char
Page 76 and 77: [32] Yang, S., H. Lee, and S. Kurni
Page 78 and 79: In March 2000, just a couple of mon
Page 80 and 81: society the gap will close [2]. The
Page 83 and 84: A New Roadmap for Next-Generation P
Page 85 and 86: needs and the activities of policy-
Page 87 and 88: [18] Moss, S., (2010). Policy Model
Page 89 and 90: 2.1. National digital inclusion exp
Page 91 and 92: advanced initiatives specifically d
Page 93 and 94: involved later [22]. Several instit
Page 95 and 96: among lecturers and students parall
Page 97 and 98: 2. COMPARATIVE E-GOVERNMENT IN LATI
Page 99 and 100: governments can innovate or be disc
Page 101 and 102: 2. E-GOVERNMENT AS IS 2.1. E-Govern
Page 103 and 104: ankings on the formation of nationa
Page 106 and 107: Framework for Useful Transparency W
Page 108 and 109: are doing a good job overall in reg
Page 110 and 111: The Circular Continuum of Agencies,
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continue to rely on dial-up Interne
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this time the authors continue to w
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government agencies should consider
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The critical success factors for we
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include customers and competitors,
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Websites or columns for MFWs In thi
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According to our investigation, the
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Construction of Inter-regional Publ
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The Development of Public Smart Pho
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Stage Description 1 st stage (Simpl
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Understanding Citizens’ Perceptio
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performance compared to those provi
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Session 5 Information Sharing, Mode
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arising as a result of these two bi
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forms for the system. At the same t
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further investigation of the relati
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5.3.10 Commitment Both personal and
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law. Virginia Journal of Internatio
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available to others” [5]. Informa
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conflict around information sharing
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for understanding information polic
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primarily on the information flows
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On Public Service Provision Informa
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employs workflow management technol
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o Information. Represents any infor
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common documents repository at the
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Figure 15. Full model of Passport I
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142
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policies to prevent government agen
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ecause the majority of the shared i
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A Patent System Ontology for Facili
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uilt on top of the semantics of RDF
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dynamically derive relevancy based
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Figure 6. Cross-‐Reference betw
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Category II: After identifying some
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[8] De Nicola, A., Missikoff, M. an
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oral option, it also allows for a m
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mapping of citizens would ensure un
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Here the authors wish to extend the
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http://www.ecp.gov.pk/Reports/SPStr
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will enable to assess and confront
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The underlying DeLP process is as f
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Preparing for Digital Curation Gove
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semester hours. Nine of the forty-f
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REGNET: Regulatory Information Mana
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Search Terms/ Concepts References D
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4. COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF REGULATOR
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1105.4 [6] Content of Section 1105.
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Pollution Prevention Guide for Vehi
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From Information-Poor to Informatio
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To address the divide, specific gov
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ICT for Development and the MuNet P
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competencies and skills, contributi
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ICT Policy in Africa - A Comparativ
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essential and necessary to guide th
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Kenya it is the minister for Inform
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of existing Public Internet Access
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the policy process e.g. formulation
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Laggards or Victims of Socioeconomi
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Figure 3. Facilities & Services Enj
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Promoting user uptake of e-governme
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It was also decided that it was nec
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Session 8 Measurement 1
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technology (IT) projects by governm
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Gap = 5; The weak and unreliable In
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6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We are grateful
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aspects are hardly discussed as the
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service level agreements. The inter
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concensus of all participants, the
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Furthermore, it is understood from
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Mobile Technologies on the Internet
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of mothers. Based on this reason, w
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5.1.4 Precedence Plots Based on com
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3 indicators are similar but not th
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Latitude 10°�S 9°�S 8°�S 7
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7. CONCLUSION According to ORDIT an
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include but not limited to: payment
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Categories Only XSS (%) Table 2: Di
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From table 3, it can be deduced tha
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Session 9 Social Media in Governmen
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1. What kind of social media servic
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4.2.1 Facebook Usage Figure 3. Perc
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Government Crisis Communication on
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estoration theory. He termed it as
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Table 3. Strategies for Pre-crisis
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accounts, among which seven message
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information in the crisis event sta
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Government Official Microblogs: An
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It is worth mentioning that, while
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Managing Chinese Government Microbl
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due to their tremendous influence,
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3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This research is
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3) Established year: to specify the
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Figure 6. Language used in Hong Kon
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E-Government and Transformation of
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and domestic as well as internation
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4.6 Computerisation of Railway Tick
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abysmally low (2.25). In addition t
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Evaluating and Assessing a Typology
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Exhaustiveness indicates that all c
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Fig. 1 Spatial Unit Fig. 3. By whom
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SUPPLEMENTARY TABLE 1. RESULT OF SE
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Explaining the eGovernment Paradox:
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eGovernment services to a large ext
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policy agenda, as Heeks [10] says,
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Implementation Plan’s outcomes an
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Conference on eGovernment (pp. 90-9
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Investigating the Relationships bet
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hybrid or authoritarian regime. Bov
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Technologies, Tools and Web 2.0 in
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with resources, peers and experts w
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cluster were: Court Clerks; Court,
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(8 questions) and the third subpart
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http://ux.brookdalecc.edu/governanc
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the examination of the 311 program
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3. CASE STUDY METHOD This study use
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discuss departmental performance at
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or laptop computers. Internet conne
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[2] Anavitarte, L. and Tratz-Ryan,
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A Literature Review: IT Governance
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Interviewees Useful? Table 3. Inter
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Assessment of Success Factors of e-
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In view of different theoretical ap
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approximate figure of 60% of intern
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difference between its priority and
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Computer Supported Contractor Selec
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(2) conduction of the public auctio
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E-Government Success Factors in the
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creating different incentives and p
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American and the Caribbean Institut
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* Note: A 7-points Likert scale was
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showed to be useful, for collecting
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Public CIO, Figurehead or Decision-
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4.2 Operative CIO The Operative CIO
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Session 12 Implementation & Impact
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NYSED is responsible for collecting
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considered markers that are able to
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many of the MDGs. The direct impact
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strongly believed that local govern
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Goal Variables Measurements 2 3 Com
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Hypothesis Variables Endogenous Exo
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[16] Joreskog, K.G., and Sorbom, D.
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GoN has addressed the challenge to
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Figures 6 and 7. Computer classes a
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ICT-enabled Delivery of Maternal He
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3. E-HEALTH 3.1 ICTs and Health Com
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Chart 1 [40] GHANA - Total Telephon
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change their behaviour, improve the
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activities such as the MoTeCH partn
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If We Build it Will They Come? A Mi
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The methodology contains inherent l
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information about their broadband s
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Session 13 E-democracy & Participat
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attempt to influence future behavio
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Evidence shows that cognitive facto
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success factors for eParticipation[
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structure of the forum as well as t
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government as well as augmenting di
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Figure 1: Message content 4.3 Messa
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Figure 6: Associated levels 4.10 At
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improve the government management e
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Session 14 Information Structure
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2. HEALTHCARE IN RURAL INDIA Health
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Cloud Data Center Internet Service
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Reliability of data: data collected
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Information System (NHIS). A Nation
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charge are either not aware of the
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from this medium. Additional securi
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attacks require the adversary to ma
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actions with yet unknown recipients
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Session 15 Measurement 2
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2. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Electronic
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Among the main limitations and chal
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Furthermore, our study demonstrates
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E-Government Portals in Central Ame
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13 Guadaloupe 31.74 14.19 14 Aruba
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Evolving e-Government Benchmarking
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judgments are made about the qualit
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percentage of online availability o
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methodology, and few national gover
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integrating them worth it? Because
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Impacts of the Public Procurement R
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Not all the municipalities have the
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3. HYPHOTESIS AND RELEVANT QUESTION
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58% of the buyers believe that the
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A strategy of evolution of the mark
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Posters
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Russian Federation legislative prop
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Figure 1. Document Flow and E-DRM P
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We further assume that each key tar
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egion that is more representative o
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2.2 C-DAC C-DAC’s PARAM series of
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The Metropolitan Area Planning Coun
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expanded functionality in three are
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For each case, semi-structured inte
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Figure 1. Comparative analysis on t
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projects and their on-site images.
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key challenges of Enterprise System
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5. PART THREE: E GOVERNMENT APPLICA
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Following the research objectives,
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From Inter-Agency Information Shari
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479
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more and more valuable with the gro
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Implementation of Integrated Tax Sy
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Information Sharing in Inter-depart
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Interagency Collaboration in Provid
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489
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noted. The list of basic e-services
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the description of procedure for mo
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Opportunities for Improving eGovern
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Prioritization and Geo-Spatiotempor
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[4] R.Bruggemann and Ganapati P. Pa
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equirements. A direct communication
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Stage - 2: Here the actual software
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membership associations, recreation
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Fig 1 : Agriculture Revolution 3. P
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sector, private sector, and civil s
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System For Measuring e-Gov: A Multi
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The Digital Divide’s Devaluing of
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[3] Coursey, D., & Norris, D.F. (20
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In Brazil, electronic accessibility
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2) The areas to which mobile and wi
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2. OVERVIEW OF DISTRICT MAPPING The
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3.4 Driving License Driving License
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and socio-economic backgrounds. The
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Figure - 2: eGovernment Implementat
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Tutorial: Digital Curation for Publ
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ut also provide sufficient detail o
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ABM is known as a bottom-up simulat
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5.2 Relation to Empirics “Where d
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Larson, Elizabeth .................
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