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[18] Ibid, 64-66. [19] Hemp, P. Death by information overload. Harvard Business Review, (September 4 th 2009), Retrieved from http://hbr.harvardbusiness.org/2009/09/death-byinformation-overload/ar/pr [20] Jaeger, P. T., Shneiderman, B., Fleischmann, K. R., Preece, J., Qu, Y., and Wu, P. F. Community response grids: Egovernment, social networks, and effective emergency management. Telecommunication Policies, 31 (2007), 592- 604. [21] Jeong, S. Public’s Responses to an oil spill accident: A test of the attribution theory and situational crisis communication theory. Public Relations Review, 35 (2009) 307-309. [22] Kaiser, C., Schlick, S., and Bodendorf, F. Warning system for online market research – Identifying critical situations in online opinion formation. Knowledge-Based Systems. 24 (2011), 824-836. [23] Kelleher, T. Conversational voice, communicated commitment, and public relations outcomes in interactive online communication. Journal of Communication. 59 (2009), 172-188. [24] Kelleher, T., and Miller, B. M. Organizational blogs and the human voice: Relational strategies and relational outcomes. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 11, 2 (2006), 395-414. [25] Lovejoy, K, Waters, R. D., Saxton, G. D. Engaging stakeholders through Twitter: How nonprofit organizations are getting more out of 140 characters or less. Public Relations Review, 38 (2012), 313-318. [26] Maxwell, T. T. The public need to know: Emergencies, government organizations, and public information policies. Government Information Quarterly, 20 (2003), 233-258. [27] Mitroff, I. I., Crisis management and environmentalism: A natural fit. California Management Review, 36,8 (1994), 101-113. [28] Moyihan, D. P. Learning under uncertainty: Networks in crisis management. Public Administration Review, 68,2 (2008), 350-361. [29] Muraliadharan, S. Dillistone, K., and Shin, J. The Gulf Coast oil spill: Extending the theory of image restoration discourse to the realm of social media and beyond petroleum. Public Relations Review, 37, 2011, 226-232. [30] Richardson, B. Socio-technical disasters: Profile and prevalence. Disaster Prevention and Management, 3, 4 (1994),41-69. [31] Schultz, F., Utz, S., and Goritz, A. Is the medium the message? Perceptions of and reactions to crisis 257 communication via twitter, blogs and traditional media. Public Relations Review, 37 (2011), 20-27. [32] Seeger, M. W., Sellnow, T. L., and Ulmer, R. R. Communication and Organizational Crisis. Praeger, Westport, CT, 2003. [33] Seeger, M. W., and Ulmer, R. R. A post-crisis discourse of renewal: The cases of Malden Mills and Cole Hardwoods. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 30, 2 (2002), 126-142. [34] Smith, B. G. Socially distributing public relations: Twitter, Haiti, and interactivity in social media. Public Relations Review.36 (2010), 329-335. [35] Stelzner, M. A. Social Media Marketing Industry Report, 2010, Retrieved from http://marketingwhitepapers.s3.amazonaws.com/SocialMedia MarketingReport2010.pdf [36] Sturges, D. L. Communicating through crisis: A strategy for organizational survival. Management Communication Quarterly, 7 (1994), 297-316. [37] Sweetser, K. D., and Metzgar, E. Communicating during crisis: Use of blogs as a relationship management tool. Public Relations Review, 33 (2007), 340-342. [38] Ulmer, R. R., Sellnow, T. L., and Seeger, M. W. Effective Crisis Communication. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA, 2011, 16- 20.http://www.google.com/books?hl=zh- CN&lr=&id=bC3J1C0BXQwC&oi=fnd&pg=PR1&dq=effec tive+crisis+communication&ots=kxQvzSFyyt&sig=uAhAU NczYbXa7ZuZdMpb1UlTgw#v=onepage&q=effective%20crisi s%20communication&f=false [39] Ulmer, R. R., Seeger, M. W., and Sellnow, T. L. Post-crisis communication and renewal: Expanding the parameters of post-crisis discourse. Public Relations Review, 33 (2007), 130-134. [40] Ulmer, R. R., Sellnow, T. L., and Seeger, M. W. Effective Crisis Communication. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA, 2007, 170-174. [41] Weiner, B. An attributional theory of achievement motivation and emotion. Psychology Review, 92 (1985), 548- 573. [42] XINHUANET. Ten Hours of Shanghai Metro Rear-end Collision on Microblog, 2011, Retrieved fromhttp://news.sina.com.cn/c/2011-09- 28/002423227102.shtml [43] Yang, S., Kang, M., and Johnson, P. Effects of narratives, openness to dialogic communication, and credibility on engagement in crisis communication through organizational blogs. Communication Research. 37, 4 (2010), 473-4
Government Official Microblogs: An Effective Platform for Facilitating Inclusive Governance Xinping Liu and Lei Zheng Department of Public Administration, Fudan University 619 Wenke Building, 220 Handan Road, 2000433 Shanghai, China ABSTRACT Applications of social media could bring more convenience to the government for getting public feedback, or more citizen participation, in order to provide more inclusive public services. Microblogs is one of those social media tools. Nowadays, all governments have begun to use government official microblogs to publish information, collect public opinions, and interact with the public. Based on current literature review and analysis, this paper first develops a theoretical framework on the effect that microblogs brings to public inclusive governance from the perspective of microblogs’ interaction object. Theoretically, this research indicates that microblogs have a positive impact on inclusive governance, but this effect remains to be tested by future practice. There are still some problems in current public interaction between governments and citizens through microblogs, and the government needs to change their musty ideas and guide the effective interaction actively. Finally, this paper further discusses limitations of this research and directions of future research. Categories and Subject Descriptors K.6.1 [Management of Computing Information Systems]: Project and People Management-Management Techniques General Terms Management, Measurement, Performance Keywords Government Microblogs, Governance, Social Media, China 1. INTRODUCTION The development of ICTs has brought public governance new opportunities, as well as challenges. In the era of Web 2.0, a huge number of web-based applications have emerged. These applications rely on the concept of the user as a producer of information, which provide more possibilities for better governance [13], for example, government official microblogs. Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. ICEGOV '12, October 22 - 25 2012, Albany, NY, United States, NY, USA Copyright 2012 ACM 978-1-4503-1200-4/12/10…$15.00. +86 13774260846, +86 13501838298 {081017039, zhengl}@fudan.edu.cn 258 Nowadays, countries around the world take seriously to apply social media like microblogs, and high-level officials from US, Britain, and Japan has been microblog users. Applications of social media could bring some improvements aiming at providing feedback to agencies, and more citizen participation. Also, agency staff could use social media for improving formal cooperation [13]. By the end of 2010, Chinese microblog accounts have exceeded 75 million. With its network effect taking shape, microblogs is playing a more and more important role in Chinese social and political life. The year of 2010 was named as “China’s first year in microblog's era” by Chinese citizens. By taking advantage of the rapidly growing microblog community, government could run official microblogs to interact with citizens, enhance government information services, keep tracking with public opinion, help with emergency response, improve government credibility and further promote the development of e-governance. Nowadays, many Chinese governments and officials have opened official microblogs to interact with citizens. Microblog, to some extent, is becoming a more and more useful tool for the government. However, compared to the traditional channels between government and citizens, what are the new changes of microblogs? What meaning does it bring to government governance? These are the main research questions of this paper. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW As a new kind of social media and web2.0 tool, microblogs attracted much academic attention in recent years. The current studies are mainly focusing on the definition of microblog, its characteristics and its implications on government governance, especially on public participation. 2.1 Definition of Microblog Microblog as one kind of social media has increasingly become an effective way of information dissemination and personal communications. Social media is “a group of Internet-based applications that build on the ideological and technological foundations of Web 2.0, and that allow the creation and exchange of User Generated Content” [4]. With the help of social media, ordinary people have become producers of content as well as consumers so called “prosumers”, being capable of publishing their own contents on the Web. Microblog is one kind of social media using web 2.0 technologies, which make people communicate with each other without ant time and space constraints once the Internet is available. The users send message on these websites to interact with other people, and the maximum length of one message should be less than 140 words.
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2012 ALBANY, NEW YORK UNITED STATES
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Foreword The 6 th International Con
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Table of Contents Forward .........
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Session 10: ICTs & Governance Trans
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o Revival of Farming Community with
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International Steering Committee Jo
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Jim DAVIES, Computing Laboratory, U
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Session 1 Open Government Data
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the combination of their moral sent
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involve the creation of a Network o
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approach [28] to expose indicators
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4. IMPLENTING PAR In order to come
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conclusions that might arise rom th
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6.3 Large Scale Implementation In r
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Implementation Framework for Open D
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2) Usage: Assessed by quantifying t
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Increasing Kenyan Open Data Consump
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insight into available data resourc
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New Perspectives for Electronic Gov
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Not without reason therefore that t
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Another principle adopted by this s
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access to public information, chang
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Open Government 2.0: Citizen Empowe
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As a third finding, we also found a
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Session 2 E-democracy & Participati
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two polarized (optimistic or utopia
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through aggregating, shaping, and c
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in-depth expert interviews, and wer
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government made of citizens’ cont
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[8] Putman, R.D. 1994. Making Democ
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The third stream of studies reviewe
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interests, gaining access to inform
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2. THEORETICAL FOUNDATION 2.1 The P
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epresentatives from the three main
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While letters to the editor could b
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person. Table 5: Public sphere char
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[32] Yang, S., H. Lee, and S. Kurni
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In March 2000, just a couple of mon
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society the gap will close [2]. The
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A New Roadmap for Next-Generation P
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needs and the activities of policy-
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[18] Moss, S., (2010). Policy Model
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2.1. National digital inclusion exp
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advanced initiatives specifically d
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involved later [22]. Several instit
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among lecturers and students parall
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2. COMPARATIVE E-GOVERNMENT IN LATI
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governments can innovate or be disc
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2. E-GOVERNMENT AS IS 2.1. E-Govern
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ankings on the formation of nationa
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Framework for Useful Transparency W
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are doing a good job overall in reg
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The Circular Continuum of Agencies,
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continue to rely on dial-up Interne
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this time the authors continue to w
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government agencies should consider
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The critical success factors for we
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include customers and competitors,
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Websites or columns for MFWs In thi
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According to our investigation, the
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Construction of Inter-regional Publ
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The Development of Public Smart Pho
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Stage Description 1 st stage (Simpl
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Understanding Citizens’ Perceptio
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performance compared to those provi
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Session 5 Information Sharing, Mode
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arising as a result of these two bi
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forms for the system. At the same t
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further investigation of the relati
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5.3.10 Commitment Both personal and
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law. Virginia Journal of Internatio
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available to others” [5]. Informa
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conflict around information sharing
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for understanding information polic
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primarily on the information flows
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On Public Service Provision Informa
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employs workflow management technol
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o Information. Represents any infor
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common documents repository at the
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Figure 15. Full model of Passport I
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142
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policies to prevent government agen
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ecause the majority of the shared i
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A Patent System Ontology for Facili
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uilt on top of the semantics of RDF
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dynamically derive relevancy based
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Figure 6. Cross-‐Reference betw
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Category II: After identifying some
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[8] De Nicola, A., Missikoff, M. an
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oral option, it also allows for a m
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mapping of citizens would ensure un
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Here the authors wish to extend the
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http://www.ecp.gov.pk/Reports/SPStr
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will enable to assess and confront
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The underlying DeLP process is as f
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Preparing for Digital Curation Gove
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semester hours. Nine of the forty-f
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REGNET: Regulatory Information Mana
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Search Terms/ Concepts References D
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4. COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF REGULATOR
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1105.4 [6] Content of Section 1105.
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Pollution Prevention Guide for Vehi
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From Information-Poor to Informatio
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To address the divide, specific gov
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ICT for Development and the MuNet P
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competencies and skills, contributi
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ICT Policy in Africa - A Comparativ
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essential and necessary to guide th
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Kenya it is the minister for Inform
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of existing Public Internet Access
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the policy process e.g. formulation
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Laggards or Victims of Socioeconomi
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Figure 3. Facilities & Services Enj
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Promoting user uptake of e-governme
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It was also decided that it was nec
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Page 246 and 247: 6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We are grateful
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Page 266 and 267: 7. CONCLUSION According to ORDIT an
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Page 270 and 271: Categories Only XSS (%) Table 2: Di
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Page 277 and 278: 1. What kind of social media servic
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Page 285 and 286: Table 3. Strategies for Pre-crisis
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Page 295 and 296: Managing Chinese Government Microbl
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Page 301 and 302: 3) Established year: to specify the
Page 303 and 304: Figure 6. Language used in Hong Kon
Page 306 and 307: E-Government and Transformation of
Page 308 and 309: and domestic as well as internation
Page 310 and 311: 4.6 Computerisation of Railway Tick
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Page 314 and 315: Evaluating and Assessing a Typology
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Page 318 and 319: Fig. 1 Spatial Unit Fig. 3. By whom
Page 320 and 321: SUPPLEMENTARY TABLE 1. RESULT OF SE
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Page 332 and 333: Investigating the Relationships bet
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cluster were: Court Clerks; Court,
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(8 questions) and the third subpart
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http://ux.brookdalecc.edu/governanc
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the examination of the 311 program
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3. CASE STUDY METHOD This study use
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discuss departmental performance at
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or laptop computers. Internet conne
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[2] Anavitarte, L. and Tratz-Ryan,
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A Literature Review: IT Governance
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Interviewees Useful? Table 3. Inter
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Assessment of Success Factors of e-
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In view of different theoretical ap
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approximate figure of 60% of intern
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difference between its priority and
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Computer Supported Contractor Selec
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(2) conduction of the public auctio
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E-Government Success Factors in the
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creating different incentives and p
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American and the Caribbean Institut
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* Note: A 7-points Likert scale was
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showed to be useful, for collecting
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Public CIO, Figurehead or Decision-
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4.2 Operative CIO The Operative CIO
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Session 12 Implementation & Impact
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NYSED is responsible for collecting
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considered markers that are able to
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many of the MDGs. The direct impact
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strongly believed that local govern
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Goal Variables Measurements 2 3 Com
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Hypothesis Variables Endogenous Exo
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[16] Joreskog, K.G., and Sorbom, D.
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GoN has addressed the challenge to
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Figures 6 and 7. Computer classes a
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ICT-enabled Delivery of Maternal He
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3. E-HEALTH 3.1 ICTs and Health Com
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Chart 1 [40] GHANA - Total Telephon
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change their behaviour, improve the
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activities such as the MoTeCH partn
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If We Build it Will They Come? A Mi
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The methodology contains inherent l
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information about their broadband s
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Session 13 E-democracy & Participat
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attempt to influence future behavio
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Evidence shows that cognitive facto
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success factors for eParticipation[
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structure of the forum as well as t
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government as well as augmenting di
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Figure 1: Message content 4.3 Messa
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Figure 6: Associated levels 4.10 At
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improve the government management e
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Session 14 Information Structure
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2. HEALTHCARE IN RURAL INDIA Health
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Cloud Data Center Internet Service
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Reliability of data: data collected
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Information System (NHIS). A Nation
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charge are either not aware of the
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from this medium. Additional securi
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attacks require the adversary to ma
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actions with yet unknown recipients
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Session 15 Measurement 2
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2. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Electronic
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Among the main limitations and chal
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Furthermore, our study demonstrates
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E-Government Portals in Central Ame
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13 Guadaloupe 31.74 14.19 14 Aruba
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Evolving e-Government Benchmarking
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judgments are made about the qualit
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percentage of online availability o
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methodology, and few national gover
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integrating them worth it? Because
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Impacts of the Public Procurement R
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Not all the municipalities have the
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3. HYPHOTESIS AND RELEVANT QUESTION
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58% of the buyers believe that the
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A strategy of evolution of the mark
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Posters
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Russian Federation legislative prop
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Figure 1. Document Flow and E-DRM P
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We further assume that each key tar
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egion that is more representative o
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2.2 C-DAC C-DAC’s PARAM series of
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The Metropolitan Area Planning Coun
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expanded functionality in three are
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For each case, semi-structured inte
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Figure 1. Comparative analysis on t
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projects and their on-site images.
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key challenges of Enterprise System
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5. PART THREE: E GOVERNMENT APPLICA
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Following the research objectives,
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From Inter-Agency Information Shari
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479
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more and more valuable with the gro
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Implementation of Integrated Tax Sy
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Information Sharing in Inter-depart
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Interagency Collaboration in Provid
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489
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noted. The list of basic e-services
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the description of procedure for mo
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Opportunities for Improving eGovern
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Prioritization and Geo-Spatiotempor
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[4] R.Bruggemann and Ganapati P. Pa
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equirements. A direct communication
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Stage - 2: Here the actual software
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membership associations, recreation
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Fig 1 : Agriculture Revolution 3. P
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sector, private sector, and civil s
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System For Measuring e-Gov: A Multi
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The Digital Divide’s Devaluing of
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[3] Coursey, D., & Norris, D.F. (20
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In Brazil, electronic accessibility
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2) The areas to which mobile and wi
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2. OVERVIEW OF DISTRICT MAPPING The
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3.4 Driving License Driving License
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and socio-economic backgrounds. The
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Figure - 2: eGovernment Implementat
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Tutorial: Digital Curation for Publ
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ut also provide sufficient detail o
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ABM is known as a bottom-up simulat
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5.2 Relation to Empirics “Where d
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Larson, Elizabeth .................
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