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strongly believed that local governance has far reaching effects at the national level in terms of sustainable development [21]. This is quite significant because of the local self governance in India has provided the rights to use and develop local resources for development. Government agencies are responsible to these local empowered agencies and extend support in terms of awareness, expertise and finance development interventions. Collective effort is therefore, essential to attain MDGs. It is because successful development process needs collective efforts from the planners and mediating agencies and the citizens [20],[42]. In such scenarios, the contributions are multilevel oriented and therefore, predictability of their contributions will be influenced by collective participation [20],[1]. Hypothesis H1. Citizens, Community Groups, Government Agencies contribute collectively to the success of MDGs Tier-II Hypotheses: E-governance readiness is a major contributor to each and every MDG due to the enormous benefits of ICT envisaged in the MDG agenda. E-Governance aims to bring appropriate services closer to the citizens with optimized cost, time and relevance [1], [19], [3]. Thus it is important to find the causal effects of E-Governance efforts and their contributions to the MDGs. In order to measure this effect, it is posited that E- Governance supported efforts for MDGs are reflected through display of readiness across all the dimensions of sustainable development. It is also considered important that group of MDGs are likely to support a particular dimension of readiness for sustainable development. There is a continuous process adopted by World Bank, World Economic Forum through INSEAD and ITU etc. to look at the progress done in the areas of e-readiness. In Figure 2 below India’s position on e-readiness (reports of INSEAD are used here) is presented [2],[35]. This e-readiness exercise provides comprehensive analyses on various metrics driven performance assessment (termed as indices) of various countries participating in the process. Major indices which are presented in Figure 2 reflect the ICT adoption behaviour in India vis-à-vis global scenarios [6],[7],[8],[9]. Indices used in this assessment provide a percentile score. A higher percentile provides better status for the country. The percentiles are presented longitudinally by using data of INSEAD since the year 2002. It may be noted that these e-readiness assessment indicators are useful to evaluate the role of E-Governance in meeting MDGs. Figure 2. ICT Indices for India [2] Eight MDGs envisaged for improving the quality of life of people in member countries are grouped as presented in Figure 2 and in the following manner. MDG#1 and MDG#2 are related to ereadiness for rendering services related information, optimizing cost and time of availing information on income generation opportunities, enhancing skills through education, government’s effort to use ICTs for providing networks among wage earners, 357 schemes for income opportunities and providing transparency in such processes. In India there are many E-Governance initiates aimed at all these defined areas of interventions including Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) [35]. MDGs# 3,4,5,6 relate to social issues which reflect in gender inequity, women health, HIV etc. In India, this is quite challenging because of various social, cultural and infrastructural issues [31]. It is noted that despite improvements in health services including National Aids Control Programme, National Rural Health Mission, rural India in particular is not recording encouraging results as per MDG reports [27],[29]. It is thus posited that social empowerment can be measured through e-readiness to support MDG#3,4,5,6. MDG #8 MDG #7 MDG #6 MDG #5 MDG #4 MDG #3 MDG #2 MDG #1 Figure 3. MDG and E-Readiness MDGs#7,8 encompass larger issues related to environment. In India e-readiness to support this cause needs active interfaces with networks, and awareness among the rural citizens. It is posited that role of E-Governance in these areas is expected to enhance the e-readiness in managing environment. In Table 3 various E- Governance programs are planned to meet the MDG agenda. Table 3: E-Governance Programmes in India [5],[6],[7] MMP Level Description of the Service Central Government Income Tax, Central Excise, Passports/Visa & Immigration, MCA 21, National ID, Pensions, Banking, Insurance State Governments H23 H22 H21 E-Readiness - Environment E-Readiness - Social Empowerment E-Readiness - Economic Empowerment H3 Sustainable Developmen t Agriculture, Land Records, Transport, Treasuries, Commercial Taxes, Gram Panchayats, e-Health, Registration, Police, Employment Exchange, e- Districts (State can add 5 MMPs as
MMP Level Description of the Service Integrated per their choice) e-Business, Electronic Data Interchange, India Portal, Electronic Government Gateway, E-Courts, E- Office, E Procurement Hypotheses H2 in Tier-II includes e-readiness assessment of three dimensions of sustainable development with the considerations that MDGs need to harness the goals with active support of ICTs and E-Governance services in order to attain the objectives of sustainable development [6],[7],[8],[13]. Sustainable development requires holistic approach and thus there is a need to assess the strengths of E-Governance in meeting social, economic and environmental needs [19]. In the process, H2 posits three subhypotheses as follows: Hypothesis H21: E-Governance services available for MDG#1 and MDG#2 collectively contribute to E-Readiness for Economic Empowerment Hypothesis H22: E-Governance services available for MDG#3, MDG#4, MDG#5, MDG#6 collectively contribute to E-Readiness for Social Empowerment Hypothesis H23: E-Governance services available for MDG#7, MDG#8 collectively contribute to E-Readiness for Environment In these hypotheses E-Readiness for Economic Empowerment, Social Empowerment and Environment are the latent variables which are measured through the contributions of the ICT enabled services for MDGs. Lastly in these Tier II hypotheses, it is posited that MDGs need to contribute to the overall sustainable goals in India and this is possible because of the sustainable development at the local levels [11],[12]. Hypothesis H3: E-Readiness for Economic Empowerment, Social Empowerment and Environment collectively contribute to Sustainable Development. 3. EMPIRICAL VALIDATION OF THE MODELLING This study involved primary survey among rural citizens, rural communities and government agencies who are major stakeholders in supporting MDGs. For the purpose some villages in the state of Gujarat were considered for pilot studies. The sample size was 194. This includes 24 government representatives, 52 village community members and 118 village citizens in eight sample villages in the district of Panchmahals in the state of Gujarat. This number was arrived during visits to eight villages where access could be possible due to the support from government officials and intervening agencies. In Figure 4 sampling frame is presented. 358 Figure 4. Sampling Frame 3.1 Validation of Tier-I Hypothesis The sampling indicates that samples are multi leveled and thus their collective orientation in assessing MDGs would be beneficial. In reality villagers, village community groups and government representatives are not same in numbers and their strength varies in the shape of a pyramid. Due to this structure of population, stratified layering of the sample respondents and divergence in their objectives in contributing to MDGs, dummy coding principle was chosen to validate the collective contributions [24]. In dummy coding one of the major considerations is to identify the controlling variable in the stratified layers. In this case, citizens are considered as the controlling variables because their contributions are deterministic for the success of MDGs. Communities and government representatives are mostly characterized as service provisioning and supporting agencies for overall progress of the citizens. Besides, citizen empowerment is quite critical in managing MDGs. Validations for H1 include dummy coding and ANOVA to predict the overall contributions through Dunnet values which is used for dummy coding [18]. For each MDG this validation procedure is adopted and in Table 4, variables and related measurement instruments are presented. Table 4: Variable Descriptions, Measurement Instruments Goal Variables Measurements 1 N=194 Community Affinity E- Governance Support Household Affinity Community groups are using ICT to share information on Income generation Community groups are using ICT for networks Community groups have influence on Individuals Government representatives are using ICT to share information on Income generation ICT has enhanced transparency in getting wages Internet is available in village Information is useful Information is available on Mobile ICT has enhanced transparency in
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2012 ALBANY, NEW YORK UNITED STATES
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Foreword The 6 th International Con
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Table of Contents Forward .........
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Session 10: ICTs & Governance Trans
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o Revival of Farming Community with
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International Steering Committee Jo
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Jim DAVIES, Computing Laboratory, U
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Session 1 Open Government Data
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the combination of their moral sent
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involve the creation of a Network o
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approach [28] to expose indicators
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4. IMPLENTING PAR In order to come
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conclusions that might arise rom th
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6.3 Large Scale Implementation In r
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Implementation Framework for Open D
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2) Usage: Assessed by quantifying t
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Increasing Kenyan Open Data Consump
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insight into available data resourc
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New Perspectives for Electronic Gov
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Not without reason therefore that t
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Another principle adopted by this s
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access to public information, chang
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Open Government 2.0: Citizen Empowe
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As a third finding, we also found a
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Session 2 E-democracy & Participati
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two polarized (optimistic or utopia
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through aggregating, shaping, and c
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in-depth expert interviews, and wer
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government made of citizens’ cont
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[8] Putman, R.D. 1994. Making Democ
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The third stream of studies reviewe
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interests, gaining access to inform
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2. THEORETICAL FOUNDATION 2.1 The P
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epresentatives from the three main
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While letters to the editor could b
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person. Table 5: Public sphere char
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[32] Yang, S., H. Lee, and S. Kurni
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In March 2000, just a couple of mon
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society the gap will close [2]. The
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A New Roadmap for Next-Generation P
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needs and the activities of policy-
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[18] Moss, S., (2010). Policy Model
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2.1. National digital inclusion exp
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advanced initiatives specifically d
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involved later [22]. Several instit
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among lecturers and students parall
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2. COMPARATIVE E-GOVERNMENT IN LATI
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governments can innovate or be disc
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2. E-GOVERNMENT AS IS 2.1. E-Govern
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ankings on the formation of nationa
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Framework for Useful Transparency W
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are doing a good job overall in reg
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The Circular Continuum of Agencies,
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continue to rely on dial-up Interne
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this time the authors continue to w
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government agencies should consider
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The critical success factors for we
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include customers and competitors,
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Websites or columns for MFWs In thi
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According to our investigation, the
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Construction of Inter-regional Publ
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The Development of Public Smart Pho
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Stage Description 1 st stage (Simpl
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Understanding Citizens’ Perceptio
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performance compared to those provi
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Session 5 Information Sharing, Mode
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arising as a result of these two bi
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forms for the system. At the same t
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further investigation of the relati
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5.3.10 Commitment Both personal and
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law. Virginia Journal of Internatio
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available to others” [5]. Informa
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conflict around information sharing
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for understanding information polic
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primarily on the information flows
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On Public Service Provision Informa
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employs workflow management technol
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o Information. Represents any infor
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common documents repository at the
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Figure 15. Full model of Passport I
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142
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policies to prevent government agen
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ecause the majority of the shared i
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A Patent System Ontology for Facili
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uilt on top of the semantics of RDF
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dynamically derive relevancy based
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Figure 6. Cross-‐Reference betw
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Category II: After identifying some
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[8] De Nicola, A., Missikoff, M. an
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oral option, it also allows for a m
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mapping of citizens would ensure un
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Here the authors wish to extend the
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http://www.ecp.gov.pk/Reports/SPStr
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will enable to assess and confront
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The underlying DeLP process is as f
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Preparing for Digital Curation Gove
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semester hours. Nine of the forty-f
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REGNET: Regulatory Information Mana
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Search Terms/ Concepts References D
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4. COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF REGULATOR
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1105.4 [6] Content of Section 1105.
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Pollution Prevention Guide for Vehi
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From Information-Poor to Informatio
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To address the divide, specific gov
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ICT for Development and the MuNet P
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competencies and skills, contributi
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ICT Policy in Africa - A Comparativ
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essential and necessary to guide th
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Kenya it is the minister for Inform
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of existing Public Internet Access
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the policy process e.g. formulation
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Laggards or Victims of Socioeconomi
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Figure 3. Facilities & Services Enj
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Promoting user uptake of e-governme
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It was also decided that it was nec
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Session 8 Measurement 1
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technology (IT) projects by governm
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Gap = 5; The weak and unreliable In
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6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We are grateful
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aspects are hardly discussed as the
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service level agreements. The inter
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concensus of all participants, the
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Furthermore, it is understood from
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Mobile Technologies on the Internet
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of mothers. Based on this reason, w
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5.1.4 Precedence Plots Based on com
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3 indicators are similar but not th
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Latitude 10°�S 9°�S 8°�S 7
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7. CONCLUSION According to ORDIT an
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include but not limited to: payment
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Categories Only XSS (%) Table 2: Di
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From table 3, it can be deduced tha
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Session 9 Social Media in Governmen
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1. What kind of social media servic
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4.2.1 Facebook Usage Figure 3. Perc
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Government Crisis Communication on
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estoration theory. He termed it as
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Table 3. Strategies for Pre-crisis
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accounts, among which seven message
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information in the crisis event sta
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Government Official Microblogs: An
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It is worth mentioning that, while
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Managing Chinese Government Microbl
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due to their tremendous influence,
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3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This research is
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3) Established year: to specify the
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Figure 6. Language used in Hong Kon
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E-Government and Transformation of
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and domestic as well as internation
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4.6 Computerisation of Railway Tick
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abysmally low (2.25). In addition t
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Evaluating and Assessing a Typology
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Exhaustiveness indicates that all c
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Fig. 1 Spatial Unit Fig. 3. By whom
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SUPPLEMENTARY TABLE 1. RESULT OF SE
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Explaining the eGovernment Paradox:
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eGovernment services to a large ext
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policy agenda, as Heeks [10] says,
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Implementation Plan’s outcomes an
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Conference on eGovernment (pp. 90-9
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Investigating the Relationships bet
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hybrid or authoritarian regime. Bov
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Technologies, Tools and Web 2.0 in
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with resources, peers and experts w
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cluster were: Court Clerks; Court,
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(8 questions) and the third subpart
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http://ux.brookdalecc.edu/governanc
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Page 357 and 358: A Literature Review: IT Governance
Page 359 and 360: Interviewees Useful? Table 3. Inter
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Page 385 and 386: 4.2 Operative CIO The Operative CIO
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Page 398 and 399: Goal Variables Measurements 2 3 Com
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Page 406 and 407: Figures 6 and 7. Computer classes a
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Page 418 and 419: If We Build it Will They Come? A Mi
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Page 437 and 438: Figure 1: Message content 4.3 Messa
Page 439 and 440: Figure 6: Associated levels 4.10 At
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2. HEALTHCARE IN RURAL INDIA Health
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Cloud Data Center Internet Service
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Reliability of data: data collected
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Information System (NHIS). A Nation
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charge are either not aware of the
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from this medium. Additional securi
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attacks require the adversary to ma
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actions with yet unknown recipients
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Session 15 Measurement 2
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2. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Electronic
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Among the main limitations and chal
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Furthermore, our study demonstrates
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E-Government Portals in Central Ame
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13 Guadaloupe 31.74 14.19 14 Aruba
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Evolving e-Government Benchmarking
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judgments are made about the qualit
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percentage of online availability o
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methodology, and few national gover
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integrating them worth it? Because
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Impacts of the Public Procurement R
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Not all the municipalities have the
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3. HYPHOTESIS AND RELEVANT QUESTION
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58% of the buyers believe that the
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A strategy of evolution of the mark
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Posters
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Russian Federation legislative prop
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Figure 1. Document Flow and E-DRM P
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We further assume that each key tar
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egion that is more representative o
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2.2 C-DAC C-DAC’s PARAM series of
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The Metropolitan Area Planning Coun
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expanded functionality in three are
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For each case, semi-structured inte
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Figure 1. Comparative analysis on t
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projects and their on-site images.
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key challenges of Enterprise System
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5. PART THREE: E GOVERNMENT APPLICA
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Following the research objectives,
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From Inter-Agency Information Shari
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479
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more and more valuable with the gro
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Implementation of Integrated Tax Sy
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Information Sharing in Inter-depart
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Interagency Collaboration in Provid
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489
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noted. The list of basic e-services
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the description of procedure for mo
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Opportunities for Improving eGovern
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Prioritization and Geo-Spatiotempor
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[4] R.Bruggemann and Ganapati P. Pa
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equirements. A direct communication
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Stage - 2: Here the actual software
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membership associations, recreation
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Fig 1 : Agriculture Revolution 3. P
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sector, private sector, and civil s
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System For Measuring e-Gov: A Multi
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The Digital Divide’s Devaluing of
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[3] Coursey, D., & Norris, D.F. (20
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In Brazil, electronic accessibility
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2) The areas to which mobile and wi
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2. OVERVIEW OF DISTRICT MAPPING The
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3.4 Driving License Driving License
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and socio-economic backgrounds. The
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Figure - 2: eGovernment Implementat
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Tutorial: Digital Curation for Publ
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ut also provide sufficient detail o
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ABM is known as a bottom-up simulat
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5.2 Relation to Empirics “Where d
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Larson, Elizabeth .................
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