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Russian Federation legislative proposals have taken place, including work on proposals for education, a very controversial fisheries bill, and Social Services Laws. These projects have attracted up to 6000 collaborators each, and represent very successful initiatives in citizen participation in legislative process. 3.1 Collaborative Improvement of the Russian Law on Education A recent case of the described strategy is the Russian Law on Education improvement implemented at http://edu.crowdexpert.ru/ The project is supervised by the Russian Ministry of Education with the support of Wikivote! and the Public Opinion Foundation. The Web site contains a complete text of the draft law, which chapters and items were split in small segments. The project participants can create their own segment versions and vote for segments created by other participants. The site contains an additional section “The Law novels” with items which the new law brings into practice. The section “Critical questions” contains sharp issues of Russian education which the new law is supposed to solve. Initially the section contained questions posed by the Ministry of Education employees. The participants could post and vote for suggestions on the issues which they consider important and which require solution by the Law. This section was very important for evaluating expectations of the society. Totally more than 5700 Russian citizens joined the project. They created more than 2 000 comments, 170 solutions of critical questions and 400 versions of the Law items. The collaboration process was maintained and supported by project facilitators. Besides it was backed up by experts in legislation who monitored the consistency of the suggestions with the law. The collaborative process is a long term activity and consists of several steps. First the Ministry of Education put together the first draft of the Law. It was decomposed into segments and introduced to the network community for evaluation and improvement. Project designers drafted the second version of the draft law based on the improvements and suggestions. The process has been repeated and the third version of the law was drafted. The mechanism reminds of relationships between a consumer community and a software product testers. Developers create the first document version and introduce it to the community, consisting of different groups of the document consumers. Its participants test items of the document and suggest their improvements and edits. The most supported versions are reviewed by the developer and included onto the new document release which is enacted till the new release. The developer publishes the new release and makes explanations of the changes that have been made. Similarities between participants and testers in the Law on Education case could be traced even in titles and wordings of documents. We did not set any limitations on the size of the community, and social status, age or position of our participants. Still the project format allowed participants to selfogranize, make decisions and defend them. 3.2 Collaborative Improvement of the Russian Law on Fisheries In July 18 – September 19 2011 we organized public consultations on the new Russian Bill on Fisheries (http://r.zakon-fom.ru/). It 451 attracted more than 5 300 Russian Citizens, who made more than 2 000 comments and created about 300 versions of the Law items. The text of the bill was not large, so we did not have to break it into very detailed pieces. Some bill chapters were represented as final blocks and participants could build their own versions, which made navigation and orientation it the participant’s personal workspace much easier. On the other hand the bill attracted a lot of public attention and some participants acted destructively. The project administration had to take additional security measures and premoderate new items versions and comments. The project was supported by the Russian agency on Fisheries, which experts drafted the first version of the bill and monitored the participants suggestions. The experts made the second draft of the bill on Fisheries based on the public consultations on the bill made on the project Web site. After the edits were made, the new draft was posted on the Web site and the project participants reviewed and revised the draft items. The second draft attracted less attention of the community and received much less comments and suggestions. We also observed formation of groups, that supported only one suggestion and voted against all the other versions. We concluded that some participants join the project just to support a suggestion proposed by a particular group and important for a part of stakeholders, such as social groups, businessmen or the Ministry officials. This type of group behavior does not affect the version rating, as it depends on the level of community support given to the version. If a participant does not create their own version but just votes for and against other participants’ versions, their influence on the final result will be insignificant. 4. CONCLUSION Described collaboration strategy, its methods and instruments can become the basis for new e-Work solutions aiming at creating structured documents. As an example the work of technical writers drafting product documentation can be totally transformed after involving in the process the product consumers. Another area of the public selection technology implication is education. 5. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The work reported here was supported by The Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. 6. REFERENCES [1] M. Lips и A. Rapson, «Exploring Public Recordkeeping Behaviors in Wiki-Supported Public Consultation Activities in the New Zealand Public Sector», in Proceedings of the 2010 43rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Washington, DC, USA, 2010, с. 1–10. [2] G. Anadiotis, K. Kafentzis, I. Pavlopoulos, и A. Westerski, «Building consensus via a semantic web collaborative space», in Proceedings of the 21st international conference companion on World Wide Web, New York, NY, USA, 2012, с. 1097–1106.
A Novel Scheme of Government Information Sharing System for Implementing Paperless Government in Korea John (Jong Uk) Choi, JooWon Cho Sangmyung University juchoi@markany.com ABSTRACT Secure integration and interoperability are key issues in implementing ‘paperless’ digital government, and PKI scheme has been recommended for secure delivery of the document between government organizations. However, when requested documents safely arrive at other organizations, there are no ways to prevent illegal modification, editing using authoring tools, or transferring to the third parties. In this paper, we suggest a novel approach to implementing a government information sharing system: PKI, access control and forgery prevention which were employed in implementing Government Information Sharing (GIS) Center in Korea. Categories and Subject Descriptors D. 2.11 [Software Engineering]: Software Architectures – Domain-specific architectures. General Terms Security Keywords DRM, Forgery prevention, Access control, Public service 1. INTRODUCTION Even if PKI scheme can provide very secure mechanism of authentication, confidentiality, and non-repudiation for sharing information between government organizations, still there remain several problems and potential risks. What PKI scheme can provide is to guarantee secure delivery of documents between two parties. However, even though the document has been delivered to the right person without any modification has been made, there remain a couple of potential risks: it can be modified at right person’s devices after delivery, or easily screen copied into a new file and transferred to the third parties. In other words, PKI scheme provides a secure delivery of a document between two parties or multi parties, but cannot guarantee secure ‘use’ of the Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. ICEGOV '12, October 22 - 25 2012, Albany, NY, USA Copyright 2012 ACM 978-1-4503-1200-4/12/10...$15.00 Dong Hwa Kim MarkAny dhkim@markny.com 452 Chang Hun Yoo MarkAny chyoo@markany.com document, protecting from misuse when it is delivered. Even though PKI procedures and certificates employed in GIS service can deliver requested documents safely to applicants, still there can be serious concerns: data leakage and illegal modification. In other words, even though PKI can provide user authentication, confidentiality, and non-repudiation in the process of document delivery, there are worries of illegal leakage to the third parties and possible forgery after it was safely received by the applicant. Because the data and documents delivered to the applicants are in digital form, they can be easily manipulated with authoring tools at applicant’s devices and copied on storage devices for transfer to third parties. In this paper, a novel approach for building an information sharing system is suggested, based on PKI infrastructure, access control technology, and forgery prevention technology. This approach was implemented in ‘Government Information Sharing Center’ in Korea. We provided this novel technology to the GIS (Government Information Sharing) center to make secure delivery and secure use of the documents. 2. GOVERNMENT INFORMATION SHARING (GIS) CENTER Government Information Sharing (GIS) center in Korea was designed to increase productivity and efficiency of public service by decreasing time spent in manual delivery of documents and also by decreasing errors caused by manual input and delivery. In designing GIS center, employed were three components: PKI for authentication and authorization, E-DRM (Enterprise DRM) for preventing illegal access and information leakage, and 2D Barcode for preventing illegal modification of the data. 2.1 e-Container When a user of GIS system sends request to the center using web application form with PKI certificates through web, an e-container is automatically generated. The request specifies the document, purpose, department and person, requested operations (‘read’, ‘print’), and expire_ date. Currently, two operations are possible: ‘read ’, and ‘print’ documents at applicant terminal. When the econtainer arrives at GIS center from applicant, validity of the request is checked with retrieval of employee (requester) information from database. Based on position, department, and job assignment, GIS system creates a ‘E-DRM right’ package which is included in the e-container. Then, the e-container is delivered to document source in which requested document resides.
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2012 ALBANY, NEW YORK UNITED STATES
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Foreword The 6 th International Con
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Table of Contents Forward .........
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Session 10: ICTs & Governance Trans
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o Revival of Farming Community with
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International Steering Committee Jo
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Jim DAVIES, Computing Laboratory, U
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Session 1 Open Government Data
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the combination of their moral sent
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involve the creation of a Network o
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approach [28] to expose indicators
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4. IMPLENTING PAR In order to come
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conclusions that might arise rom th
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6.3 Large Scale Implementation In r
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Implementation Framework for Open D
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2) Usage: Assessed by quantifying t
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Increasing Kenyan Open Data Consump
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insight into available data resourc
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New Perspectives for Electronic Gov
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Not without reason therefore that t
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Another principle adopted by this s
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access to public information, chang
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Open Government 2.0: Citizen Empowe
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As a third finding, we also found a
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Session 2 E-democracy & Participati
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two polarized (optimistic or utopia
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through aggregating, shaping, and c
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in-depth expert interviews, and wer
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government made of citizens’ cont
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[8] Putman, R.D. 1994. Making Democ
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The third stream of studies reviewe
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interests, gaining access to inform
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2. THEORETICAL FOUNDATION 2.1 The P
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epresentatives from the three main
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While letters to the editor could b
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person. Table 5: Public sphere char
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[32] Yang, S., H. Lee, and S. Kurni
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In March 2000, just a couple of mon
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society the gap will close [2]. The
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A New Roadmap for Next-Generation P
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needs and the activities of policy-
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[18] Moss, S., (2010). Policy Model
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2.1. National digital inclusion exp
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advanced initiatives specifically d
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involved later [22]. Several instit
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among lecturers and students parall
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2. COMPARATIVE E-GOVERNMENT IN LATI
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governments can innovate or be disc
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2. E-GOVERNMENT AS IS 2.1. E-Govern
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ankings on the formation of nationa
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Framework for Useful Transparency W
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are doing a good job overall in reg
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The Circular Continuum of Agencies,
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continue to rely on dial-up Interne
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this time the authors continue to w
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government agencies should consider
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The critical success factors for we
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include customers and competitors,
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Websites or columns for MFWs In thi
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According to our investigation, the
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Construction of Inter-regional Publ
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The Development of Public Smart Pho
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Stage Description 1 st stage (Simpl
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Understanding Citizens’ Perceptio
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performance compared to those provi
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Session 5 Information Sharing, Mode
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arising as a result of these two bi
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forms for the system. At the same t
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further investigation of the relati
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5.3.10 Commitment Both personal and
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law. Virginia Journal of Internatio
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available to others” [5]. Informa
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conflict around information sharing
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for understanding information polic
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primarily on the information flows
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On Public Service Provision Informa
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employs workflow management technol
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o Information. Represents any infor
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common documents repository at the
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Figure 15. Full model of Passport I
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142
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policies to prevent government agen
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ecause the majority of the shared i
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A Patent System Ontology for Facili
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uilt on top of the semantics of RDF
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dynamically derive relevancy based
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Figure 6. Cross-‐Reference betw
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Category II: After identifying some
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[8] De Nicola, A., Missikoff, M. an
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oral option, it also allows for a m
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mapping of citizens would ensure un
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Here the authors wish to extend the
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http://www.ecp.gov.pk/Reports/SPStr
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will enable to assess and confront
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The underlying DeLP process is as f
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Preparing for Digital Curation Gove
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semester hours. Nine of the forty-f
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REGNET: Regulatory Information Mana
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Search Terms/ Concepts References D
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4. COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF REGULATOR
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1105.4 [6] Content of Section 1105.
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Pollution Prevention Guide for Vehi
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From Information-Poor to Informatio
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To address the divide, specific gov
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ICT for Development and the MuNet P
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competencies and skills, contributi
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ICT Policy in Africa - A Comparativ
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essential and necessary to guide th
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Kenya it is the minister for Inform
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of existing Public Internet Access
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the policy process e.g. formulation
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Laggards or Victims of Socioeconomi
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Figure 3. Facilities & Services Enj
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Promoting user uptake of e-governme
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It was also decided that it was nec
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Session 8 Measurement 1
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technology (IT) projects by governm
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Gap = 5; The weak and unreliable In
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6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We are grateful
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aspects are hardly discussed as the
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service level agreements. The inter
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concensus of all participants, the
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Furthermore, it is understood from
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Mobile Technologies on the Internet
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of mothers. Based on this reason, w
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5.1.4 Precedence Plots Based on com
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3 indicators are similar but not th
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Latitude 10°�S 9°�S 8°�S 7
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7. CONCLUSION According to ORDIT an
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include but not limited to: payment
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Categories Only XSS (%) Table 2: Di
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From table 3, it can be deduced tha
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Session 9 Social Media in Governmen
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1. What kind of social media servic
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4.2.1 Facebook Usage Figure 3. Perc
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Government Crisis Communication on
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estoration theory. He termed it as
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Table 3. Strategies for Pre-crisis
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accounts, among which seven message
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information in the crisis event sta
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Government Official Microblogs: An
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It is worth mentioning that, while
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Managing Chinese Government Microbl
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due to their tremendous influence,
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3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This research is
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3) Established year: to specify the
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Figure 6. Language used in Hong Kon
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E-Government and Transformation of
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and domestic as well as internation
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4.6 Computerisation of Railway Tick
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abysmally low (2.25). In addition t
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Evaluating and Assessing a Typology
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Exhaustiveness indicates that all c
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Fig. 1 Spatial Unit Fig. 3. By whom
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SUPPLEMENTARY TABLE 1. RESULT OF SE
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Explaining the eGovernment Paradox:
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eGovernment services to a large ext
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policy agenda, as Heeks [10] says,
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Implementation Plan’s outcomes an
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Conference on eGovernment (pp. 90-9
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Investigating the Relationships bet
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hybrid or authoritarian regime. Bov
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Technologies, Tools and Web 2.0 in
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with resources, peers and experts w
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cluster were: Court Clerks; Court,
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(8 questions) and the third subpart
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http://ux.brookdalecc.edu/governanc
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the examination of the 311 program
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3. CASE STUDY METHOD This study use
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discuss departmental performance at
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or laptop computers. Internet conne
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[2] Anavitarte, L. and Tratz-Ryan,
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A Literature Review: IT Governance
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Interviewees Useful? Table 3. Inter
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Assessment of Success Factors of e-
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In view of different theoretical ap
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approximate figure of 60% of intern
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difference between its priority and
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Computer Supported Contractor Selec
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(2) conduction of the public auctio
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E-Government Success Factors in the
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creating different incentives and p
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American and the Caribbean Institut
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* Note: A 7-points Likert scale was
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showed to be useful, for collecting
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Public CIO, Figurehead or Decision-
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4.2 Operative CIO The Operative CIO
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Session 12 Implementation & Impact
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NYSED is responsible for collecting
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considered markers that are able to
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many of the MDGs. The direct impact
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strongly believed that local govern
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Goal Variables Measurements 2 3 Com
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Hypothesis Variables Endogenous Exo
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[16] Joreskog, K.G., and Sorbom, D.
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GoN has addressed the challenge to
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Figures 6 and 7. Computer classes a
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ICT-enabled Delivery of Maternal He
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3. E-HEALTH 3.1 ICTs and Health Com
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Chart 1 [40] GHANA - Total Telephon
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change their behaviour, improve the
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activities such as the MoTeCH partn
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If We Build it Will They Come? A Mi
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The methodology contains inherent l
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information about their broadband s
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Session 13 E-democracy & Participat
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attempt to influence future behavio
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Evidence shows that cognitive facto
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success factors for eParticipation[
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structure of the forum as well as t
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government as well as augmenting di
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Figure 1: Message content 4.3 Messa
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Figure 6: Associated levels 4.10 At
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improve the government management e
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Session 14 Information Structure
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2. HEALTHCARE IN RURAL INDIA Health
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Page 450 and 451: Reliability of data: data collected
Page 452 and 453: Information System (NHIS). A Nation
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Page 489 and 490: 3. HYPHOTESIS AND RELEVANT QUESTION
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Page 493 and 494: A strategy of evolution of the mark
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Page 512 and 513: For each case, semi-structured inte
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Page 538 and 539: noted. The list of basic e-services
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equirements. A direct communication
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Stage - 2: Here the actual software
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membership associations, recreation
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Fig 1 : Agriculture Revolution 3. P
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sector, private sector, and civil s
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System For Measuring e-Gov: A Multi
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The Digital Divide’s Devaluing of
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[3] Coursey, D., & Norris, D.F. (20
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In Brazil, electronic accessibility
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2) The areas to which mobile and wi
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2. OVERVIEW OF DISTRICT MAPPING The
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3.4 Driving License Driving License
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and socio-economic backgrounds. The
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Figure - 2: eGovernment Implementat
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Tutorial: Digital Curation for Publ
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ut also provide sufficient detail o
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ABM is known as a bottom-up simulat
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5.2 Relation to Empirics “Where d
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Larson, Elizabeth .................
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