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cluster were: Court Clerks; Court, Municipal, and License Clerks; Eligibility Interviewers, Government Programs; License Clerks; Managers, Municipal Clerks; Postal Service Clerks; Postal Service Mail Carriers; Postal Service Mail Sorters, Processors, and Processing Machine Operators; Postmasters and Mail Superintendents; Social and Community Service Managers. The investigated occupations within Governance career cluster were: Administrative Services Managers; Broadcast News Analysts; Chief Executives; Communications Teachers, Postsecondary; Eligibility Interviewers, Government Programs; Emergency Management Directors; General and Operations Managers; Legislators; Managers; Mapping Technicians; Postmasters and Mail Superintendents; Public Relations Specialists; Reporters and Correspondents; Social and Community Service Managers; Storage and Distribution Managers; Surveying and Mapping Technicians; Surveying Technicians; Transportation Managers. O*NET Bright outlook Job Zone Job family Career cluster Green economy sector Industry STEM Discipline Marketing, sales and services Education & training Architecture & construction Agriculture, food and natural resources Business, Management & Administration Art, audio/video technology & communications Health services Government & Public administration Law, public safety, corrections and security Human services Manufacturing Transportation, distribution & logistics Finance Hospitality & tourism Science, technologies, engineering and mathematics Information Technology The summarized technologies, tools and web 2.0 applications within O*NET database are as follows: o Tools: Computer/laptop; Calculators, printers; USB flash drives; Personal digital assistants PDA; Mobile phones — smartphones; Scanner; Electronic charts or maps or atlases; etc. o Technologies: Spreadsheet software: Microsoft excel; IBM lotus 1-2-3; Word processing software: Microsoft word; Electronic mail software: e-mail; Microsoft outlook; Microsoft project; Presentation software: Microsoft PowerPoint; Map creation software: mapping software; etc. Regulation National Security Public Management and Administration Governance Revenue and taxation Planning Figure 6. O*NET – Government & Public administration career cluster o Web: Web page creation and editing software: Facebook; Social media software; Blogging software; MySpace; Podcasting software; Website management software; etc. It can be concluded that even the fact that technologies and tools are in the core of e-governance and e-administration, in some governance and PA within O*NET database, there are no technologies and tools used. For example, the main activities of Municipal Clerks are: draft agendas and bylaws for town or city council; record minutes of council meetings; answer official 305 Skills Knowledge Education Abilities Interests Tools and technologies Work values Work styles Work context Work activities Tasks Wages & employment correspondence; keep fiscal records and accounts; prepare reports on civic needs, where no technologies and tools are used. The Web page creation and editing exists only in few governance and public management, and administration occupations, such as Public Relations Specialists or Reporters and Correspondents. 6. EMPIRICAL SURVEY Technologies, tools and web 2.0 used in the survey are based on O*NET investigation. The aim of the survey was to establish
whether there is a gap and what Technologies, Tools and Web 2.0 (TTW2.0) are used in workplace and how they can support workplace communications. The methodology for empirical survey was as follows: 1) The questionnaire for the survey was designed. It includes four groups of questions regarding: (a) public administration workplace communications; (b) technologies, tools and web 2.0 usages within workplace; (c) benefits from better communications on the workplace; (d) willingness to learn, to improve knowledge, skills and competencies to work with new technologies, tools & Web 2.0. The Technologies and Tools which are used in the survey are based on the O*NET investigation. Web 2.0 applications are chosen as a result of the literary research and discussions with experts in the field. Particular focus is given to respondents` willingness to learn about Technologies and Tools and Web 2.0, in order to improve their knowledge, skills and competencies. 2) Some meetings and interviews were done with representative from the Sofia Municipality Directorate “Information services and technologies” which is the main administrative and territorial unit in Sofia. Based on discussions with the representatives a decision about which directorate will best correspond to the goal of the research was made. Most of the occupations within the Directorate of “Information services and technologies” are strongly linked to the technologies and tools. 3) PA staff, who work in the Sofia Municipality Directorate “Information services and technologies”, were asked to respond to the survey and about more than half of them agreed to give their responds. This questionnaire asked each respondent question about his/her subjective impression of the technologies and tools used at the workplace. The given responses were for more than 90% of the questions. 4) The results of the study are presented into four parts: Part 1: PA workplace communications; Part 2: Technologies, tools and web 2.0 usage within workplace; Part 3: Benefits from better communications on the workplace; Part 4: Willingness to learn how to work with new technologies, tools & Web 2.0. 5) Data collection period: March 2012 – April 2012. Responding to this survey was not mandatory. Data are collected directly from survey respondents. The gathering of responses was done by a free web based surveying tool. It allowed automatically responses collection and analysis. For some of the questions five point Likert scale was used. 6) The results are discussed, summarizing the most important relations between the groups of questions. The study was conducted to find answers about: what is the usage of technologies, tools and web 2.0; are there link between communications efficiency and TTW2.0 usage; are there gap in TTW2.0 at the public administration workplace; how many public employees and professionals are ready and willing to learn for TTW2.0 for improving their knowledge, skills and competencies. Many initiatives are conducted for the e-government development on a national level in Bulgaria. In December 2011, a start was given to the electronic exchange of documents between five state administrations, Ministry of Transport, Information Technology 306 and Communications (MTITC), Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Economy, Energy and Tourism, Road Infrastructure Agency and BULATSA, by sending and receiving documents electronically until today [12]. These administrations use the same document management system. The electronic exchange of documents today saves time, increases efficiency and reduces administration costs of departments. Sofia Municipality takes an active role in e-Government development projects, and it is planned to be a pilot Lot 3 beneficiary Municipality. Currently, Sofia Municipality use Document Management Software “АКСТЪР ОФИС” and most of workplace communications are done by electronic tools and technologies [24]. 6.1 Part 1 - Better Communications at Workplace This part of the survey includes 18 questions. The starting point is to identify how each one of the staff communicates at work, what does he/she think about personal barriers and what does the information depend on. At the begging the questions are focused on indirect factors which influence workplace communications. The survey data showed that all of the respondents like their job, and about 69,3% of respondents like to be connected during working time. The data showed that the majority of the respondents (77%) agree that the communication itself depends on the Internet and the net and that two side of the communication, sender and receiver, are equally important (92,3%). Most of the respondents (84,6%) communicate more often when they are at work than when they are at home. The respondents who prefer to receive information in communication verbally are 46,2%, but those who prefers to receive information by mail are 38,5 %, no one prefers using Skype. Next question is about how do employees prefer to communicate. The responses are similar to the previous ones: 7,7% prefer to communicate online, 30,8% Face to Face (F2F), 46,2% F2F&online and 15,4% said that it doesn’t matter. This comes to the conclusion that most of the respondents prefer to receive information and to communicate by using electronic technologies. But, in regards to communication with some colleagues, 53,8% of the respondents said that they prefer to communicate more via mail than F2F, about 30,8% can`t say, 15,4% don’t prefer to communicate via mail more than via F2F. It can be concluded that the team working environment is not so good and there is a presence of bad workplace relationships concerning some of the staff. Most of the respondents (84,6%) agree that “Better communication will improve time to finish work, quality of work and his/her labor cost”. “How often do you contact someone daily?”, 72,7% of the respondents need to contact someone at least 5 to 19 times per day. About 18,2% of them need to contact someone at work more than 50 times, which leads to the conclusion that about ¼ of the respondents dependent on communicating with other colleagues at work. The survey data showed that 92,3% feel happy to take part in community events and are always ready to support someone in her/his work. 61,5% of respondents said that his/her competency of working with tool and technology is extremely important to communicate effectively and for 38,5% they are important. The result is that technologies have the potential to improve communications at the workplace. 6.2 Part 2 - Technologies, Tools and Web 2.0 This part of the survey contains three subparts. The first subpart includes technologies (7 questions), the second one includes tools
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2012 ALBANY, NEW YORK UNITED STATES
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Foreword The 6 th International Con
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Table of Contents Forward .........
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Session 10: ICTs & Governance Trans
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o Revival of Farming Community with
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International Steering Committee Jo
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Jim DAVIES, Computing Laboratory, U
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Session 1 Open Government Data
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the combination of their moral sent
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involve the creation of a Network o
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approach [28] to expose indicators
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4. IMPLENTING PAR In order to come
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conclusions that might arise rom th
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6.3 Large Scale Implementation In r
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Implementation Framework for Open D
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2) Usage: Assessed by quantifying t
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Increasing Kenyan Open Data Consump
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insight into available data resourc
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New Perspectives for Electronic Gov
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Not without reason therefore that t
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Another principle adopted by this s
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access to public information, chang
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Open Government 2.0: Citizen Empowe
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As a third finding, we also found a
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Session 2 E-democracy & Participati
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two polarized (optimistic or utopia
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through aggregating, shaping, and c
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in-depth expert interviews, and wer
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government made of citizens’ cont
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[8] Putman, R.D. 1994. Making Democ
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The third stream of studies reviewe
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interests, gaining access to inform
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2. THEORETICAL FOUNDATION 2.1 The P
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epresentatives from the three main
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While letters to the editor could b
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person. Table 5: Public sphere char
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[32] Yang, S., H. Lee, and S. Kurni
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In March 2000, just a couple of mon
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society the gap will close [2]. The
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A New Roadmap for Next-Generation P
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needs and the activities of policy-
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[18] Moss, S., (2010). Policy Model
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2.1. National digital inclusion exp
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advanced initiatives specifically d
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involved later [22]. Several instit
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among lecturers and students parall
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2. COMPARATIVE E-GOVERNMENT IN LATI
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governments can innovate or be disc
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2. E-GOVERNMENT AS IS 2.1. E-Govern
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ankings on the formation of nationa
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Framework for Useful Transparency W
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are doing a good job overall in reg
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The Circular Continuum of Agencies,
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continue to rely on dial-up Interne
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this time the authors continue to w
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government agencies should consider
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The critical success factors for we
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include customers and competitors,
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Websites or columns for MFWs In thi
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According to our investigation, the
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Construction of Inter-regional Publ
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The Development of Public Smart Pho
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Stage Description 1 st stage (Simpl
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Understanding Citizens’ Perceptio
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performance compared to those provi
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Session 5 Information Sharing, Mode
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arising as a result of these two bi
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forms for the system. At the same t
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further investigation of the relati
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5.3.10 Commitment Both personal and
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law. Virginia Journal of Internatio
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available to others” [5]. Informa
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conflict around information sharing
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for understanding information polic
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primarily on the information flows
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On Public Service Provision Informa
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employs workflow management technol
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o Information. Represents any infor
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common documents repository at the
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Figure 15. Full model of Passport I
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142
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policies to prevent government agen
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ecause the majority of the shared i
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A Patent System Ontology for Facili
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uilt on top of the semantics of RDF
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dynamically derive relevancy based
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Figure 6. Cross-‐Reference betw
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Category II: After identifying some
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[8] De Nicola, A., Missikoff, M. an
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oral option, it also allows for a m
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mapping of citizens would ensure un
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Here the authors wish to extend the
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http://www.ecp.gov.pk/Reports/SPStr
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will enable to assess and confront
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The underlying DeLP process is as f
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Preparing for Digital Curation Gove
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semester hours. Nine of the forty-f
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REGNET: Regulatory Information Mana
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Search Terms/ Concepts References D
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4. COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF REGULATOR
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1105.4 [6] Content of Section 1105.
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Pollution Prevention Guide for Vehi
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From Information-Poor to Informatio
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To address the divide, specific gov
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ICT for Development and the MuNet P
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competencies and skills, contributi
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ICT Policy in Africa - A Comparativ
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essential and necessary to guide th
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Kenya it is the minister for Inform
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of existing Public Internet Access
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the policy process e.g. formulation
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Laggards or Victims of Socioeconomi
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Figure 3. Facilities & Services Enj
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Promoting user uptake of e-governme
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It was also decided that it was nec
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Session 8 Measurement 1
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technology (IT) projects by governm
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Gap = 5; The weak and unreliable In
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6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We are grateful
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aspects are hardly discussed as the
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service level agreements. The inter
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concensus of all participants, the
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Furthermore, it is understood from
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Mobile Technologies on the Internet
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of mothers. Based on this reason, w
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5.1.4 Precedence Plots Based on com
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3 indicators are similar but not th
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Latitude 10°�S 9°�S 8°�S 7
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7. CONCLUSION According to ORDIT an
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include but not limited to: payment
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Categories Only XSS (%) Table 2: Di
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From table 3, it can be deduced tha
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Session 9 Social Media in Governmen
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1. What kind of social media servic
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4.2.1 Facebook Usage Figure 3. Perc
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Government Crisis Communication on
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estoration theory. He termed it as
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Table 3. Strategies for Pre-crisis
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accounts, among which seven message
Page 289 and 290: information in the crisis event sta
Page 291 and 292: Government Official Microblogs: An
Page 293 and 294: It is worth mentioning that, while
Page 295 and 296: Managing Chinese Government Microbl
Page 297 and 298: due to their tremendous influence,
Page 299 and 300: 3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This research is
Page 301 and 302: 3) Established year: to specify the
Page 303 and 304: Figure 6. Language used in Hong Kon
Page 306 and 307: E-Government and Transformation of
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Page 310 and 311: 4.6 Computerisation of Railway Tick
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Page 314 and 315: Evaluating and Assessing a Typology
Page 316 and 317: Exhaustiveness indicates that all c
Page 318 and 319: Fig. 1 Spatial Unit Fig. 3. By whom
Page 320 and 321: SUPPLEMENTARY TABLE 1. RESULT OF SE
Page 322 and 323: Explaining the eGovernment Paradox:
Page 324 and 325: eGovernment services to a large ext
Page 326 and 327: policy agenda, as Heeks [10] says,
Page 328 and 329: Implementation Plan’s outcomes an
Page 330 and 331: Conference on eGovernment (pp. 90-9
Page 332 and 333: Investigating the Relationships bet
Page 334 and 335: hybrid or authoritarian regime. Bov
Page 336 and 337: Technologies, Tools and Web 2.0 in
Page 338 and 339: with resources, peers and experts w
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Page 346 and 347: the examination of the 311 program
Page 348 and 349: 3. CASE STUDY METHOD This study use
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Page 352 and 353: or laptop computers. Internet conne
Page 354 and 355: [2] Anavitarte, L. and Tratz-Ryan,
Page 357 and 358: A Literature Review: IT Governance
Page 359 and 360: Interviewees Useful? Table 3. Inter
Page 361 and 362: Assessment of Success Factors of e-
Page 363 and 364: In view of different theoretical ap
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Page 369 and 370: Computer Supported Contractor Selec
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Page 373 and 374: E-Government Success Factors in the
Page 375 and 376: creating different incentives and p
Page 377 and 378: American and the Caribbean Institut
Page 379 and 380: * Note: A 7-points Likert scale was
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Page 383 and 384: Public CIO, Figurehead or Decision-
Page 385 and 386: 4.2 Operative CIO The Operative CIO
Page 387: Session 12 Implementation & Impact
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NYSED is responsible for collecting
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considered markers that are able to
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many of the MDGs. The direct impact
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strongly believed that local govern
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Goal Variables Measurements 2 3 Com
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Hypothesis Variables Endogenous Exo
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[16] Joreskog, K.G., and Sorbom, D.
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GoN has addressed the challenge to
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Figures 6 and 7. Computer classes a
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ICT-enabled Delivery of Maternal He
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3. E-HEALTH 3.1 ICTs and Health Com
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Chart 1 [40] GHANA - Total Telephon
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change their behaviour, improve the
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activities such as the MoTeCH partn
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If We Build it Will They Come? A Mi
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The methodology contains inherent l
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information about their broadband s
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Session 13 E-democracy & Participat
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attempt to influence future behavio
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Evidence shows that cognitive facto
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success factors for eParticipation[
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structure of the forum as well as t
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government as well as augmenting di
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Figure 1: Message content 4.3 Messa
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Figure 6: Associated levels 4.10 At
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improve the government management e
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Session 14 Information Structure
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2. HEALTHCARE IN RURAL INDIA Health
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Cloud Data Center Internet Service
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Reliability of data: data collected
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Information System (NHIS). A Nation
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charge are either not aware of the
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from this medium. Additional securi
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attacks require the adversary to ma
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actions with yet unknown recipients
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Session 15 Measurement 2
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2. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Electronic
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Among the main limitations and chal
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Furthermore, our study demonstrates
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E-Government Portals in Central Ame
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13 Guadaloupe 31.74 14.19 14 Aruba
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Evolving e-Government Benchmarking
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judgments are made about the qualit
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percentage of online availability o
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methodology, and few national gover
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integrating them worth it? Because
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Impacts of the Public Procurement R
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Not all the municipalities have the
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3. HYPHOTESIS AND RELEVANT QUESTION
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58% of the buyers believe that the
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A strategy of evolution of the mark
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Posters
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Russian Federation legislative prop
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Figure 1. Document Flow and E-DRM P
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We further assume that each key tar
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egion that is more representative o
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2.2 C-DAC C-DAC’s PARAM series of
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The Metropolitan Area Planning Coun
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expanded functionality in three are
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For each case, semi-structured inte
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Figure 1. Comparative analysis on t
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projects and their on-site images.
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key challenges of Enterprise System
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5. PART THREE: E GOVERNMENT APPLICA
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Following the research objectives,
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From Inter-Agency Information Shari
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479
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more and more valuable with the gro
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Implementation of Integrated Tax Sy
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Information Sharing in Inter-depart
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Interagency Collaboration in Provid
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489
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noted. The list of basic e-services
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the description of procedure for mo
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Opportunities for Improving eGovern
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Prioritization and Geo-Spatiotempor
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[4] R.Bruggemann and Ganapati P. Pa
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equirements. A direct communication
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Stage - 2: Here the actual software
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membership associations, recreation
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Fig 1 : Agriculture Revolution 3. P
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sector, private sector, and civil s
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System For Measuring e-Gov: A Multi
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The Digital Divide’s Devaluing of
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[3] Coursey, D., & Norris, D.F. (20
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In Brazil, electronic accessibility
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2) The areas to which mobile and wi
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2. OVERVIEW OF DISTRICT MAPPING The
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3.4 Driving License Driving License
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and socio-economic backgrounds. The
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Figure - 2: eGovernment Implementat
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Tutorial: Digital Curation for Publ
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ut also provide sufficient detail o
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ABM is known as a bottom-up simulat
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5.2 Relation to Empirics “Where d
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Larson, Elizabeth .................
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