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the text rendering some meaning unclear. One of these lightly edited their original words also to clarify meaning. Consequently all interviewees agreed to be named and agreed with the quotations used in the thesis. 349 349 One interviewee wanted to qualify aspects of his text, but also acknowledged that he did say what he was quoted as saying, whilst acknowledging he had been quoted in context and that to alter things now would be to devalue the original contribution. 182
CHAPTER NINETEEN. RESEARCH INTERVIEW PROCESSES Each analyst was contacted in advance with an introduction to my research, a list of possible interview questions and an ethical consent form. 350 My first PhD supervisor suggested that the initial questions were too general and could take up much valuable interview time before getting into the key focus of the research. At one level this was an accurate perception but I retained these questions for two reasons. Firstly, I realized contemporary psychoanalysis was a variegated term with limited agreement (Cooper 2006) therefore it was essential to find what each analyst meant without imposing my assumptions. It gave the time for the interviewee to find their voice, talking about their work in familiar terms before moving onto the more personal and complex issues of religion and spirituality. Secondly, it allowed opportunity for the interviewee to decide whether they trusted me, as some had not met me before. In part this reflected my experience of being interviewed for others’ research and noting of my internal processes. It also reflected my decision as an act of transparency to reveal I was a minister of religion. 351 In my initial interview with DB the questions generated a great deal of valuable information and allowed a person-to-person meeting: therefore I retained these for the remaining interviews to offer consistency, while responding with other questions as they emerged stimulated by the intersubjective processes of that particular interview. This is the subject of later analysis and discussion. 350 Examples are contained in appendix one. 351 This has potential consequences for unconscious processes, especially transference and projection that ministers of religion can elicit in others (Field 1996). 183
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“SACRED PSYCHOANALYSIS” - AN IN
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ABSTRACT From the 1970s the emergen
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CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION 1 PART A
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Chapter Fifteen. Patterns of engage
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Theme 8: Mystical/Mystic/O 289 Them
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INTRODUCTION My conscious engagemen
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to contemporary psychoanalysis and
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The first research method developed
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PART A. THE CONTEXT, DEFINITION AND
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travelled with Ferenczi to explore
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Despite this inclusive vision a cli
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exclusivity’ (Richards 1999: 1024
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signs of abating. Despite the sheer
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1933b: 158f.). Freud vigorously ref
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embraced that relate to this thesis
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The twin trees symbolized my person
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post-critical thought. These comple
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Epistemological context While I hav
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tolerate periods of “not-knowing
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engagement see little relevance for
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more like stray notes than a centra
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social and philosophical force (Bea
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One solution is to identify paramet
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The sacred was given a unique focus
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Before Lynch’s working definition
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Klein (Grotstein 1982), 79 Winnicot
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theories. 87 The prevailing ethos w
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CHAPTER FOUR. RELIGIOUS AND SPIRITU
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Molino 1997). While Coltart combine
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esponse gave Symington the impetus
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analytic theory, and clinical techn
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CHAPTER FIVE. RELIGIOUS AND SPIRITU
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produced further discussion and pub
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vision for psychoanalysis and he fo
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psychotherapist with important conn
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Winnicott is arguably the most infl
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theory includes developmental, tran
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particular significance for the nat
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decades of his life. 157 Religion f
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made a lovely missionary’ (quoted
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Bion gained encouragement for his e
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elements/function; or phenomena and
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inherent human knowing of infinity
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PART B. THE ENGAGEMENT OF RELIGION,
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The third strand was the use of Win
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psychoanalysis 187 Meissner articul
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work of Winnicott (Winnicott 1965,
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pertaining to grace, providence, an
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Gay’s work is less than convincin
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ecame Clinical Professor of Psychia
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postulated by theologians and philo
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life cycle from birth to death’ (
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Rizzuto’s major contribution was
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Thirdly both use the work of Hans L
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a form of dualism that despite thes
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experiential moments of timelessnes
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accessed in more immediate ways. Ma
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efines psychoanalytic insights. 240
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Symington recalls that he had had e
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Symington’s contribution includes
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ased on illusion. Whereas religion
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approach to psychoanalysis has mean
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penis envy, as well as the nature a
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transcend the limitations establish
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In a parallel development Chodorow
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Cohen and Gereboff provide a detail
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feature of the work of Eigen who
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CHAPTER TWELVE. PATTERNS OF ENGAGEM
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Coltart, and later, David Black. 28
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never in conflict and had the poten
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Page 145 and 146: Martino 1991; Rubin 1992; Westkott
Page 147 and 148: components of spirituality identifi
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Page 155 and 156: A third theoretical approach involv
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Page 159 and 160: Despite these recent developments o
Page 161 and 162: treatment’ (Ad-Bab'bagh 2001: 283
Page 163 and 164: oases where they find refuge, so th
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Page 167 and 168: The work of Eigen is a unique synth
Page 169 and 170: developed by Heidegger and used by
Page 171 and 172: mystical journey can be seen as an
Page 173 and 174: Grotstein uniquely sees psychoanaly
Page 175 and 176: that has multiple dimensions includ
Page 177 and 178: PART C. METHODOLOGICAL CONCERNS, IN
Page 179 and 180: 3. Relational engagement gives the
Page 181 and 182: CHAPTER SEVENTEEN. RESEARCH METHODO
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Page 187 and 188: addition of a third cultural contex
Page 189 and 190: Further reflexive exploration was u
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Page 195 and 196: The interviews were recorded using
Page 197 and 198: CHAPTER TWENTY. ANALYZING QUALITATI
Page 199 and 200: Thematic Narrative Analysis The ana
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Page 205 and 206: CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE. PSYCHOANALYTIC
Page 207 and 208: the physical and metaphysical use o
Page 209 and 210: Personal ontology JB’s ontology i
Page 211 and 212: was a high level of honesty - a gen
Page 213 and 214: allowed was JB to clarify her under
Page 215 and 216: What I noticed immediately was the
Page 217 and 218: As the interview developed I very m
Page 219 and 220: Alessandra Lemma (AL) Alessandra Le
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Page 225 and 226: unconscious that combine the spirit
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Page 229 and 230: two-way process with the researcher
Page 231 and 232: Freud’s ideas were in transition
Page 233 and 234: Conscious encounter The introductio
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Page 237 and 238: • We discover the eternal unconsc
Page 239 and 240: • Openness to the numinous and th
Page 241 and 242: stood out from this second meeting.
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aspects of their being. My engageme
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linking to the other/Other (PM, JG)
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spirituality without becoming gods.
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JG elicited an idealized, positive
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with my father, the fact of being a
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a whole range of thoughts and feeli
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CHAPTER TWENTY-THREE. A THEMATIC NA
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discovered the religious instinct w
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atheistic vision that dispenses wit
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The creativity of Winnicott Winnico
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neuroscience and the growth of reli
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y others. There are ‘resonances a
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there’ (JB 65). Eigen’s eclecti
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Coltart was a highly regarded Briti
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The term ‘zeitgeist’ was used t
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Rizzuto focuses on the internal, ps
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‘I think clearly for a lot of peo
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562). An analyst might say a little
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Lemma located her ambivalence to re
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eligious experience arising in ever
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the psyche through making space for
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Areas of dialogue include: the natu
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A critical dialogue between psychoa
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worlds. ‘We’ve probably never l
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is to study religion because religi
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makes it difficult to go beyond equ
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Rubin adds positively that spiritua
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and psychoanalysis (Galatzer-Levy a
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Theme 8: Mystical/Mystic/O 487 If a
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Theme 9: Love 490 Sayers suggests t
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CHAPTER TWENTY-FOUR. THEMATIC COMME
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their absence as much as their pres
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conversation he encouraged my work
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PART D. SACRED PSYCHOANALYSIS - AN
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CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE. ‘SACRED PSYC
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that offers a cross-over or transfe
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and psychoanalytic discourse by dev
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CHAPTER TWENTY-SIX. ‘SACRED PSYCH
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and the spiritual (Sorenson 2000, 2
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Figure 3. A dominant sacred interpr
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form of splitting reminiscent of ea
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fulfils Meissner’s vision for a
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Figure 6. Winnicott (DW1-2) Winnico
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person was Neville Symington. By co
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eflects Eigen’s experience of Bub
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elationship to others and live out
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psychoanalysis and this is the purp
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evelation, in a more challenging fa
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into his being, but the meeting wit
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CHAPTER TWENTY-EIGHT. ‘SACRED PSY
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and analyst’ (Ogden 2005: 6). How
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the transition (it is, by definitio
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Signals of transcendence It is too
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Catholic Mass, mystical encounter,
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ultimate reality and truth - the un
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self-knowledge echoing the words of
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cause it becomes pathological as se
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understood beyond the limited clini
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CHAPTER THIRTY. ‘SACRED PSYCHOANA
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clinical papers presented at confer
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encounters with Grotstein where the
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etc.? What is the place of mistakes
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enormous. In the conclusion I have
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2. Potential Interview questions Qu
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Part Two - Consent Form If you are
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65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76
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128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136
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256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264
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320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328
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383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391
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446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454
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Appendix 3. Oskar Pfister and the u
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Solms also identifies the challenge
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disciplines of reflection, meditati
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8. A total sense of self, including
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Ethical Permission for a Qualitativ
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adversarial encounter? There was re
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1. Eigen’s religious and spiritua
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experience, allied to a formidable
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(Freud 1939).’ (Eigen 1998: 12).
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the founders of intersubjectivity
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tradition. He rather adopts a Zen a
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personal lives in that sort of way.
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Alvesson, Mats, and Kaj Sköldberg.
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———. 2009. A relational psych
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———. 2007. The Freudian momen
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Casement, Ann, ed. 2004. Who owns p
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Coyte, Mary, Peter Gilbert, and Vic
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Elmhirst, Susanna Isaacs. 1996. For
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Freke, Sarah. 1999. Review of 'The
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———. 1976. Introduction. Freu
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———. 1994. Projective identif
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Hartnack, Christiane. 1990. Vishnu
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Issroff, Judith. 1999. Reflections
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———. 1994. Love in the analyt
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LaMothe, Ryan. 2005. Creating space
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———. 2005. Understanding theo
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Meissner, William. 1966. The operat
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———. 2009. Psychoanalytic con
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———. 2001. Three archaic cont
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———. 1983. The play of the im
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———. 2000. The psychological
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Safran, Jeremy. 1999. Faith, despai
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Smart, Ninian. 1996. Dimensions of
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———. 2002. A space to listen:
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Watts, Alan. 1961/1998. Psychothera
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