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goes beyond words and full comprehension. The potential for religious and spiritual engagement of such a transformational paradigm is an important focus and how contemporary psychoanalysts have engaged with issues of religion, spirituality and the sacred is the subject of the next section. 76
PART B. THE ENGAGEMENT OF RELIGION, SPIRITUALITY AND THE SACRED IN CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOANALYSIS Part A identified the personal, conceptual, methodological and reflexive contexts of the researcher. This in turn led to a discussion of issues of definition raised by the terms religious, spiritual, sacred and contemporary psychoanalysis. The recent place of religion and spirituality in psychoanalysis was then outlined, with a particular focus on the differing psychoanalytic cultures found in the UK and the USA. A final section identified the significant theoretical contributions made by Bion and Winnicott as the foundations they laid for the inter-relationship of religion, spirituality and psychoanalysis. Here in part B I take a detailed look at how religion and spirituality emerged in contemporary psychoanalysis from the 1970s, the date when two crucial writers emerged, detailed in the next chapter. The following chapters then examine creative forms of theoretical engagement understood from the following perspectives: • Christian • Natural Religion • Maternal • Jewish • Buddhist • Hindu • Muslim • Mystical • Intersubjective This history of religion, spirituality and psychoanalysis is a new narrative that offers revealing insights into the crucial developments that shaped ‘sacred psychoanalysis’. 77
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“SACRED PSYCHOANALYSIS” - AN IN
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ABSTRACT From the 1970s the emergen
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CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION 1 PART A
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Chapter Fifteen. Patterns of engage
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Theme 8: Mystical/Mystic/O 289 Them
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INTRODUCTION My conscious engagemen
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to contemporary psychoanalysis and
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The first research method developed
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PART A. THE CONTEXT, DEFINITION AND
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travelled with Ferenczi to explore
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Despite this inclusive vision a cli
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exclusivity’ (Richards 1999: 1024
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signs of abating. Despite the sheer
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1933b: 158f.). Freud vigorously ref
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embraced that relate to this thesis
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The twin trees symbolized my person
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post-critical thought. These comple
Page 35 and 36: Epistemological context While I hav
Page 37 and 38: tolerate periods of “not-knowing
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Page 41 and 42: more like stray notes than a centra
Page 43 and 44: social and philosophical force (Bea
Page 45 and 46: One solution is to identify paramet
Page 47 and 48: The sacred was given a unique focus
Page 49 and 50: Before Lynch’s working definition
Page 51 and 52: Klein (Grotstein 1982), 79 Winnicot
Page 53 and 54: theories. 87 The prevailing ethos w
Page 55 and 56: CHAPTER FOUR. RELIGIOUS AND SPIRITU
Page 57 and 58: Molino 1997). While Coltart combine
Page 59 and 60: esponse gave Symington the impetus
Page 61 and 62: analytic theory, and clinical techn
Page 63 and 64: CHAPTER FIVE. RELIGIOUS AND SPIRITU
Page 65 and 66: produced further discussion and pub
Page 67 and 68: vision for psychoanalysis and he fo
Page 69 and 70: psychotherapist with important conn
Page 71 and 72: Winnicott is arguably the most infl
Page 73 and 74: theory includes developmental, tran
Page 75 and 76: particular significance for the nat
Page 77 and 78: decades of his life. 157 Religion f
Page 79 and 80: made a lovely missionary’ (quoted
Page 81 and 82: Bion gained encouragement for his e
Page 83 and 84: elements/function; or phenomena and
Page 85: inherent human knowing of infinity
Page 89 and 90: The third strand was the use of Win
Page 91 and 92: psychoanalysis 187 Meissner articul
Page 93 and 94: work of Winnicott (Winnicott 1965,
Page 95 and 96: pertaining to grace, providence, an
Page 97 and 98: Gay’s work is less than convincin
Page 99 and 100: ecame Clinical Professor of Psychia
Page 101 and 102: postulated by theologians and philo
Page 103 and 104: life cycle from birth to death’ (
Page 105 and 106: Rizzuto’s major contribution was
Page 107 and 108: Thirdly both use the work of Hans L
Page 109 and 110: a form of dualism that despite thes
Page 111 and 112: experiential moments of timelessnes
Page 113 and 114: accessed in more immediate ways. Ma
Page 115 and 116: efines psychoanalytic insights. 240
Page 117 and 118: Symington recalls that he had had e
Page 119 and 120: Symington’s contribution includes
Page 121 and 122: ased on illusion. Whereas religion
Page 123 and 124: approach to psychoanalysis has mean
Page 125 and 126: penis envy, as well as the nature a
Page 127 and 128: transcend the limitations establish
Page 129 and 130: In a parallel development Chodorow
Page 131 and 132: Cohen and Gereboff provide a detail
Page 133 and 134: feature of the work of Eigen who
Page 135 and 136: CHAPTER TWELVE. PATTERNS OF ENGAGEM
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Coltart, and later, David Black. 28
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never in conflict and had the poten
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sense of who we are and what we do.
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consciousness. Some would describe
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Martino 1991; Rubin 1992; Westkott
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components of spirituality identifi
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engagement, unfolding dialogue and
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Rabindrath Tagore’s move from a s
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in its own right, and modify modes
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A third theoretical approach involv
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transference and multiple gods; and
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Despite these recent developments o
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treatment’ (Ad-Bab'bagh 2001: 283
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oases where they find refuge, so th
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searching; isolation and involvemen
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The work of Eigen is a unique synth
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developed by Heidegger and used by
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mystical journey can be seen as an
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Grotstein uniquely sees psychoanaly
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that has multiple dimensions includ
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PART C. METHODOLOGICAL CONCERNS, IN
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3. Relational engagement gives the
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CHAPTER SEVENTEEN. RESEARCH METHODO
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conscious that offers the opportuni
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European perspectives. The disadvan
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addition of a third cultural contex
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Further reflexive exploration was u
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especting and valuing of the other
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CHAPTER NINETEEN. RESEARCH INTERVIE
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The interviews were recorded using
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CHAPTER TWENTY. ANALYZING QUALITATI
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Thematic Narrative Analysis The ana
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group facilitator and CBT trainer;
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identified similar themes to those
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CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE. PSYCHOANALYTIC
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the physical and metaphysical use o
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Personal ontology JB’s ontology i
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was a high level of honesty - a gen
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allowed was JB to clarify her under
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What I noticed immediately was the
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As the interview developed I very m
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Alessandra Lemma (AL) Alessandra Le
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esources that people have within th
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central therapeutic task (Ulanov 20
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unconscious that combine the spirit
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the species or the desire to create
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two-way process with the researcher
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Freud’s ideas were in transition
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Conscious encounter The introductio
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session found within a British Klei
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• We discover the eternal unconsc
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• Openness to the numinous and th
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stood out from this second meeting.
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aspects of their being. My engageme
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linking to the other/Other (PM, JG)
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spirituality without becoming gods.
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JG elicited an idealized, positive
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with my father, the fact of being a
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a whole range of thoughts and feeli
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CHAPTER TWENTY-THREE. A THEMATIC NA
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discovered the religious instinct w
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atheistic vision that dispenses wit
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The creativity of Winnicott Winnico
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neuroscience and the growth of reli
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y others. There are ‘resonances a
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there’ (JB 65). Eigen’s eclecti
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Coltart was a highly regarded Briti
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The term ‘zeitgeist’ was used t
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Rizzuto focuses on the internal, ps
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‘I think clearly for a lot of peo
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562). An analyst might say a little
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Lemma located her ambivalence to re
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eligious experience arising in ever
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the psyche through making space for
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Areas of dialogue include: the natu
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A critical dialogue between psychoa
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worlds. ‘We’ve probably never l
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is to study religion because religi
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makes it difficult to go beyond equ
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Rubin adds positively that spiritua
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and psychoanalysis (Galatzer-Levy a
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Theme 8: Mystical/Mystic/O 487 If a
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Theme 9: Love 490 Sayers suggests t
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CHAPTER TWENTY-FOUR. THEMATIC COMME
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their absence as much as their pres
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conversation he encouraged my work
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PART D. SACRED PSYCHOANALYSIS - AN
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CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE. ‘SACRED PSYC
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that offers a cross-over or transfe
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and psychoanalytic discourse by dev
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CHAPTER TWENTY-SIX. ‘SACRED PSYCH
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and the spiritual (Sorenson 2000, 2
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Figure 3. A dominant sacred interpr
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form of splitting reminiscent of ea
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fulfils Meissner’s vision for a
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Figure 6. Winnicott (DW1-2) Winnico
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person was Neville Symington. By co
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eflects Eigen’s experience of Bub
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elationship to others and live out
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psychoanalysis and this is the purp
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evelation, in a more challenging fa
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into his being, but the meeting wit
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CHAPTER TWENTY-EIGHT. ‘SACRED PSY
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and analyst’ (Ogden 2005: 6). How
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the transition (it is, by definitio
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Signals of transcendence It is too
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Catholic Mass, mystical encounter,
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ultimate reality and truth - the un
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self-knowledge echoing the words of
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cause it becomes pathological as se
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understood beyond the limited clini
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CHAPTER THIRTY. ‘SACRED PSYCHOANA
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clinical papers presented at confer
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encounters with Grotstein where the
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etc.? What is the place of mistakes
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enormous. In the conclusion I have
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2. Potential Interview questions Qu
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Part Two - Consent Form If you are
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76
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256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264
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320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328
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446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454
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509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517
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Appendix 3. Oskar Pfister and the u
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Solms also identifies the challenge
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disciplines of reflection, meditati
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8. A total sense of self, including
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Ethical Permission for a Qualitativ
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adversarial encounter? There was re
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1. Eigen’s religious and spiritua
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experience, allied to a formidable
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(Freud 1939).’ (Eigen 1998: 12).
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the founders of intersubjectivity
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tradition. He rather adopts a Zen a
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personal lives in that sort of way.
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Alvesson, Mats, and Kaj Sköldberg.
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———. 2009. A relational psych
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———. 2007. The Freudian momen
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Casement, Ann, ed. 2004. Who owns p
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Coyte, Mary, Peter Gilbert, and Vic
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Elmhirst, Susanna Isaacs. 1996. For
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Freke, Sarah. 1999. Review of 'The
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———. 1976. Introduction. Freu
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———. 1994. Projective identif
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Hartnack, Christiane. 1990. Vishnu
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Issroff, Judith. 1999. Reflections
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———. 1994. Love in the analyt
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LaMothe, Ryan. 2005. Creating space
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———. 2005. Understanding theo
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Meissner, William. 1966. The operat
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———. 2009. Psychoanalytic con
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———. 2001. Three archaic cont
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———. 1983. The play of the im
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———. 2000. The psychological
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Safran, Jeremy. 1999. Faith, despai
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Smart, Ninian. 1996. Dimensions of
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———. 2002. A space to listen:
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Watts, Alan. 1961/1998. Psychothera
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