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Schaff - History of the Christian Church Vol. 8 - Media Sabda Org

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43<br />

4) In a letter to his five bro<strong>the</strong>rs, Sept. 17, 1522, to whom he dedicated<br />

a sermon on “<strong>the</strong> ever pure Virgin Mary, mo<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> God,” Zwingli<br />

confesses that he was subject to H<strong>of</strong>fahrt, Fressen, Unlauterkeit, and<br />

o<strong>the</strong>r sins <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> flesh (Werke, I. 86). This is his latest confession; but if<br />

we read it in connection with <strong>the</strong> whole letter, it makes <strong>the</strong> impression<br />

that he must have undergone a favorable change about that time, and<br />

concluded a regular, though secret, connection with his wife. As to<br />

temperance, Bullinger (I. 305) gives him <strong>the</strong> testimony that he was<br />

“very temperate in eating and drinking.”<br />

5) Zwingli was openly married in April, 1524, to Anna Reinhart, a<br />

respectable widow, and mo<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> several children, after having lived<br />

with her about two years before in secret marriage. But this fact, which<br />

Janssen construes into a charge <strong>of</strong> “unchaste intercourse,” was known<br />

to his intimate friends; for Myconius, in a letter <strong>of</strong> July 22, 1522, sends<br />

greetings to Zwingli and his wife (“Vale cum uxore quam felicissime et<br />

tuis omnibus,” Opera, VII. 210; and again: “Vale cum uxore in<br />

Christo,” p. 253). The same is implied in a letter <strong>of</strong> Bucer, April 14,<br />

1524 (p. 335; comp. <strong>the</strong> note <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> editors). “The cases,” says<br />

Mörik<strong>of</strong>er (I. 211), “were very frequent at that time, even with persons<br />

<strong>of</strong> high position, that secret marriages were not ratified by a religious<br />

ceremony till weeks and months afterwards.” Before <strong>the</strong> Council <strong>of</strong><br />

Trent secret marriages were legitimate and valid. (Can. et Decr. Conc.<br />

Trid., Sess. XXIV., Decr. de reform. matrimonii.)<br />

Zwingli’s character was unmercifully attacked by Janssen in his<br />

Geschichte des deutschen <strong>Vol</strong>kes, Ill. 83 sq.; An meine Kritiker<br />

(1883), 127–140; Ein zweites Wort an meine Kritiker (1888), 45–<br />

48; defended as far as truth permits by Ebrard, Janssen und die<br />

Reformation (1882); Usteri, Ulrich Zwingli (1883), 34–47; Alex.<br />

Schweizer, articles in <strong>the</strong> “Protest. Kirchenzeitung,” Berlin, 1883,<br />

Nos. 23–27. Janssen answered Ebrard, but not Usteri and<br />

Schweizer. The main facts were correctly stated before this<br />

controversy by Mörik<strong>of</strong>er, I. 49–53 and 128), and briefly also by<br />

Hagenbach, and Merle (bk. VIII. ch. 6).<br />

§ 8. ZWINGLI IN EINSIEDELN.<br />

In 1516 Zwingli left Glarus on account <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> intrigues <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> French<br />

political party, which came into power after <strong>the</strong> victory <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> French at

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