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In addition, it is important <strong>to</strong> ensure messages do not marginalize – exploit, stigmatize or<br />

stereotype – any disadvantaged groups.<br />

For more information on ethical considerations, see Adhering <strong>to</strong> Ethics in Campaigning<br />

under Guiding Principles in this module.<br />

6.5 CHOOSING COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES AND TOOLS<br />

OVERVIEW<br />

A wide array of communication techniques <strong>and</strong> <strong>to</strong>ols are used in campaigning.<br />

To make the most efficient use of resources, the choice of <strong>to</strong>ols must be based on a<br />

thorough analysis of the target audiences <strong>and</strong> the communication channels most<br />

likely <strong>to</strong> reach them. For example, if targets use the internet as their main <strong>to</strong>ol for<br />

gathering <strong>and</strong> exchanging information, then the message should be promoted via the<br />

internet (“e-campaigning”), <strong>and</strong> only minimal, complementary use of print materials<br />

needs <strong>to</strong> be made (e.g. posters that advertise for the campaign website).<br />

Combining a strategically planned, balanced mix of communication channels,<br />

techniques <strong>and</strong> <strong>to</strong>ols increases the chances of attracting targets’ attention <strong>and</strong><br />

prompting them <strong>to</strong> take the desired action. In a context of limited resources for<br />

campaigning, it may not be possible <strong>to</strong> produce the ultimate set of communication<br />

resources. Careful planning, pre-testing <strong>and</strong> moni<strong>to</strong>ring will help <strong>to</strong> make the most of a<br />

small budget.<br />

170<br />

<strong>Campaigns</strong> December 2011

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