Campaigns to End Violence against Women and Girls - Virtual ...

In these complex situations, the typical methodologies, models, or logical frameworks of
results-based management rarely are useful. They assume that you can predict a series
of cause/effect relationships in the logical chain inputs � activities � outputs �
outcomes � impact when those relationships are fundamentally unpredictable. As
noted by the United Nations: "An inherent constraint of results-based management is
that a formalistic approach to codifying how to achieve outcomes can stifle the
innovation and flexibility required to achieve those outcomes.”
Source: UN Office of Internal Oversight Services, UN A/63/268, 22 September 2008.
Review of results-based management at the United Nations.
How then to manage a campaign for results? Use a theory of change
A theory of change (ToC) presents a broad view of the desired change, describing "a
process of planned social change, from the assumptions that guide its design to the
long-term goals it seeks to achieve." It identifies the assumptions, strategies, actors and
outcomes that are expected to interact and enhance one another in the campaigning.
See the Grant Craft Guide: Mapping Change (Foundation Center and European
Foundation Center, 2006.
ASSUMPTIONS
What is the campaign logic that
explains if A, B and C happen it
will result in X, Y and Z?
STRATEGIES
What will the campaign
do to contribute to the
occurrence of A, B and C?
GOAL
What is the purpose of the campaign?
RESULTS
What changes in social actors
does the campaign aim to
influence?
TARGETED SOCIAL ACTORS
Who does the campaign intend
to influence? To whom are its
strategies targeted?
Depending on the goals and context of the campaign, its theory of change can be quite
simple or highly complex. The two broad types of campaigns to end VAW – advocacy
campaigns and campaigns for behaviour change – reflect two general theories of
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Campaigns December 2011