Campaigns to End Violence against Women and Girls - Virtual ...

For a more detailed analysis, you can use differently colored cards for different types of
stakeholders, or vary the size of the cards. Relations between stakeholders can be
visualized with lines, which can be varied (e.g. straight, dotted, jagged) according to the
type of relation.
Rainbow Diagram
The diagram can be adapted by using other characteristics (instead of “affecting” and
“affected”) that describe key differences between stakeholders. For example, you can
transform the rainbow diagram into a spectrum-of-actors exercise by splitting the
diagram in five sections for ‘active allies’, ‘allies’, ‘neutral parties’, ‘opponents’ and ‘active
opponents’. This can be a useful exercise to inform your choice of tactics within the
broader campaign strategy.
For a step-by-step-guide on stakeholder analysis using rainbow diagrams see
Chevalier, J. ‘SAS2 1.0: Stakeholder Identification’ in Social Analysis Systems.
Onion diagrams use the same basic approach as rainbow diagrams, but draw a full
circle to visualize relations between different actors.
In the example below (GTZ, 2009), key stakeholders with low influence on the issue at
stake are depicted with small circles; those with high influence with larger circles. The
letter V designates “veto players”, i.e. influential actors who can stop the campaign from
reaching its goal. Rectangular cards are for secondary stakeholders. The solid lines
between stakeholders symbolize strong relationships (double lines: institutionalized
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Campaigns December 2011