INTERACTION DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOR INTERACTIVE ...

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Figure 4.2 BBCi Viewing Pattern The basic design elements discussed in this section, grids, color, and the Gestalt laws, are all relevant to the overall screen interface; each of these factors, in turn, play a role in directing the viewer’s eye movements across the screen. Understanding how these design elements function can allow interaction designers to create applications that guide the user’s attention and script their interactions appropriately. 4.2.1 Aspect Ratios 4.2 <strong>DESIGN</strong>ING <strong>FOR</strong> TELEVISION Two aspect ratios are in common use for television: 4:3 (standard) and 16:9 (widescreen). In addition to standard American television (NTSC), applications that use the 4:3 ratio include standard DVDs, console and computer video games, computer presentations, and VHS tapes. The 16:9 ratio is used for HDTV broadcasts, widescreen DVDs, and select console and computer video games with special adaptors. Figure 4.3 illustrates the difference between the two aspect ratios. 85
Figure 4.3 TV Aspect Ratios Although there have been about 14 different broadcast standards in use at different times throughout the world, the National Television Standards Committee (NTSC) is the basic system that serves the U.S. today. The 4:3 aspect ratio, which was adopted by the Society of Motion Picture Engineers as the first film industry aspect ratio standard, was also adopted by the television industry in 1941 when the NTSC proposed standards for television broadcasting (Cringely, 1998). In the 1950s Hollywood began to experiment with widescreen formats. The 16:9 ratio was developed in the 1980s using a formula that took into account all the common cinematic aspect ratios, and it is currently the most common theatre screen aspect ratio in use. The 16:9 standard was then adopted by those responsible for developing HDTV in the U.S. and worldwide. Widescreen movie formats and HDTV screens are formatted to more closely approximate the way humans see, as our field of vision is more rectangular than it is square: “when we view movies in widescreen format, the image fills more of our field of vision and has a stronger visual impact” (Cringely, 1998). 86
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INTERACTION DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOR I
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This thesis would n
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2.3.3 Constraints 2.4 Electronic /
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4.2 Designing for Television 4.2.1
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Table 1.1 Table 1.2 Table 1.3 Table
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Figure 2.6 Figure 2.7 Figure 2.8 Fi
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Figure 5.4 Figure 5.5 Figure 5.6 Fi
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Figure 5.36 Figure 5.37 Figure 5.38
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SUMMARY Interactive television (iTV
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However, it is clear that televisio
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looking closely at existing designs
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For viewers with analog television
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Figure 1.3 Percent of Households wi
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interact with television shows by u
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New Media usage is dominated by 18
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Figure 1.6 Winky Dink and You The o
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1.4.1 BBC Interactive Figure 1.7 In
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1.4.2 Additional Examples Many othe
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Table 1.6 (continued). Greece Local
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Table 1.6 (continued). New Zealand
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using a combination of visual cultu
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CHAPTER 2 BROAD CATEGORIES OF ITV P
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Table 2.1 Categorization of iTV by
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capable of storing an enormous amou
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(c) Figure 2.2 Examples of Comcast
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Page 71 and 72: information about the topic at hand
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Page 87 and 88: 3.7 SHOPPING Shopping, or purchasin
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Page 97 and 98: 4.1.1 Grid-Based Design Grid-based
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Page 107 and 108: 4.2.4 Line Width The image on a tel
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Page 115 and 116: Source: Human Factors International
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Page 119 and 120: media, among others. Figure 4.9 pro
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Page 131 and 132: CHAPTER 5 PRINCIPLES OF INTERACTION
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e voted off the island. In both cas
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them so conducive to iTV programmin
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own content in ways similar to this
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In the first of a series of on-air
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Jakob Nielsen notes that users are
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(a) (b) Figure 5.22 TV411 Interface
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Figure 5.25 Life 360 Competing Elem
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(a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 5.28 Example
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epresentative of the red button tha
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Lamont brings up compelling advanta
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lower right-hand areas are privileg
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5.4 NAVIGATION Navigation pertains
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Figure 5.35 New Americans Orientati
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Figure 5.37 Test the Nation User In
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applications based on the televisio
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esearchers, “In many ways, the pa
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In Robert Miller’s classic user r
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ecycling bin from Windows, that sta
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importance (see chapter three). In
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Figure 5.46 Examples of Mobile Inte
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CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DI
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Figure 6.2 Convergence of Entertain
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(a) Figure 6.3 Examples of MTV Hija
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television producers to create show
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user-centered design, incorporates
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Sheri Lamont, who has practiced and
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ecognition of outstanding achieveme
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REFERENCES Adams, M., Anand, P. & F
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Halle, T. (2003). Standards for int
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Norman, D. (2004) Emotional design:
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Thurrott, P. (2004, October 12). Wi
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BROADBAND A network capable of deli
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MEDIA CENTER Media centers, or PC T
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which a television and a personal c
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