INTERACTION DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOR INTERACTIVE ...

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4.3.1 HTML Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the standard page-description language used on the World Wide Web. As previously mentioned, the ATVEF 1.0 Content Specification currently requires support for HTML 4.0, in addition to other Web elements including JavaScript 1.1, Cascading Style Sheets (CSS 1), and MIME extensions. Some resources on HTML include: HyperText Markup Language (HTML) Home Page (http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/) HTML 4.01 Specification (http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40) A Beginner’s Guide to HTML (http://archive.ncsa.uiuc.edu/General/Internet/WWW/HTMLPrimerAll.html) 4.3.2 Resolution As previously mentioned, computer monitors typically have a display resolution of 800 x 600 pixels better (whereas the maximum resolution of NTSC television sets is 720 x 486 pixels, and HDTV 1920 x 1080 pixels). Most computer monitors display about 72 to 80 pixels per inch (ppi) of the screen. Images created for the Web are always limited by the resolution of the monitor. For example, a square GIF graphic of 72 x 72 pixels will be approximately one inch square on a 72ppi display monitor. When creating graphics for the Web, designers should always use the 1:1 display ratio, where one pixel in the image equals one pixel on the screen (Lynch & Horton, 2002). 4.3.3 Graphic Safe Areas The safe area for Web page graphics is determined by two factors: the minimum screen size in common use (800 x 600 pixels) and the width of paper used to print Web 95
pages. Web applications that exceed 800 pixels will inconvenience and frustrate many users: “It’s bad enough to have to scroll in one (vertical) direction; having to scroll in two directions is intolerable” (Lynch & Horton, 2002). The graphic safe area dimensions for applications designed for an 800 x 600 screen is 760 x 410 pixels, in order to ensure visibility without scrolling. The graphic safe area dimensions for Web applications designed to print well are 560 x 410 pixels. Figure 4.8 illustrates the graphic safe areas for Web applications. 4.3.4 Color Figure 4.8 Graphic Safe Areas for Web Applications As we discussed earlier, colors appear less vividly on computer monitors than they do on television screens. When designing iTV applications that will be output onto a computer monitor, it is best to use Web-safe colors. The color management system currently used by Web browsers is based on an 8-bit, 216-color palette, which is identical in both the Macintosh and Windows system palettes (Lynch & Horton, 2002). 96
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INTERACTION DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOR I
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This thesis would n
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2.3.3 Constraints 2.4 Electronic /
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4.2 Designing for Television 4.2.1
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Table 1.1 Table 1.2 Table 1.3 Table
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Figure 2.6 Figure 2.7 Figure 2.8 Fi
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Figure 5.4 Figure 5.5 Figure 5.6 Fi
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Figure 5.36 Figure 5.37 Figure 5.38
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SUMMARY Interactive television (iTV
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However, it is clear that televisio
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looking closely at existing designs
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For viewers with analog television
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Figure 1.3 Percent of Households wi
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interact with television shows by u
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New Media usage is dominated by 18
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Figure 1.6 Winky Dink and You The o
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1.4.1 BBC Interactive Figure 1.7 In
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1.4.2 Additional Examples Many othe
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Table 1.6 (continued). Greece Local
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Table 1.6 (continued). New Zealand
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using a combination of visual cultu
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CHAPTER 2 BROAD CATEGORIES OF ITV P
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Table 2.1 Categorization of iTV by
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capable of storing an enormous amou
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(c) Figure 2.2 Examples of Comcast
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(c) (d) Figure 2.3 Examples of Gems
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users to send email, chat, and surf
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2.6 WEB-BASED SYNCHRONOUS (TWO-SCRE
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interactive or enhanced content on
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they allow for greater versatility,
Page 61 and 62: Networks have also used wireless de
Page 63 and 64: The American Film Institute’s enh
Page 65 and 66: game consoles with televisions and
Page 67 and 68: Interactivity must be tied to origi
Page 69 and 70: CHAPTER 3 BROAD CATEGORIES OF ITV P
Page 71 and 72: information about the topic at hand
Page 73 and 74: said they would do so again in the
Page 75 and 76: 3.2.1 Representative Example in Spo
Page 77 and 78: (a) (b) Figure 3.3 Test the Nation
Page 79 and 80: interactive TV betting service tota
Page 81 and 82: application was also available on t
Page 83 and 84: the ABC telecast throughout the eve
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Page 87 and 88: 3.7 SHOPPING Shopping, or purchasin
Page 89 and 90: - and as close to the regular exper
Page 91 and 92: CNN Crossfire, broadcast in front o
Page 93 and 94: Dramas may need to operate under a
Page 95 and 96: The participatory aspect of many pr
Page 97 and 98: 4.1.1 Grid-Based Design Grid-based
Page 99 and 100: The Law of Similarity. Elements tha
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Page 103 and 104: Figure 4.3 TV Aspect Ratios Althoug
Page 105 and 106: and graphics-safe areas for designi
Page 107 and 108: 4.2.4 Line Width The image on a tel
Page 109 and 110: shapes, to make similar letters dis
Page 111: specification. OCAP is intended to
Page 115 and 116: Source: Human Factors International
Page 117 and 118: working on a computer is not a soli
Page 119 and 120: media, among others. Figure 4.9 pro
Page 121 and 122: MSN TV 2, which Microsoft rolled ou
Page 123 and 124: with a handheld remote control from
Page 125 and 126: Table 4.2 outlines some of the diff
Page 127 and 128: should be designed with the televis
Page 129 and 130: Pages that appear in series, one af
Page 131 and 132: CHAPTER 5 PRINCIPLES OF INTERACTION
Page 133 and 134: through… The computer’s spatial
Page 135 and 136: medium. The current state of this e
Page 137 and 138: through the different elements offe
Page 139 and 140: y the wider context of the program
Page 141 and 142: History IQ focused on keeping the i
Page 143 and 144: een programs that were still in dev
Page 145 and 146: features of a DVD immediately after
Page 147 and 148: context where the learner is consci
Page 149 and 150: viewing experiences so that each vi
Page 151 and 152: (a) (b) Figure 5.10 TiVo WishList (
Page 153 and 154: e voted off the island. In both cas
Page 155 and 156: them so conducive to iTV programmin
Page 157 and 158: own content in ways similar to this
Page 159 and 160: In the first of a series of on-air
Page 161 and 162: Jakob Nielsen notes that users are
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(a) (b) Figure 5.22 TV411 Interface
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Figure 5.25 Life 360 Competing Elem
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(a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 5.28 Example
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epresentative of the red button tha
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Lamont brings up compelling advanta
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lower right-hand areas are privileg
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5.4 NAVIGATION Navigation pertains
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Figure 5.35 New Americans Orientati
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Figure 5.37 Test the Nation User In
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applications based on the televisio
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esearchers, “In many ways, the pa
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In Robert Miller’s classic user r
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ecycling bin from Windows, that sta
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importance (see chapter three). In
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Figure 5.46 Examples of Mobile Inte
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CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DI
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Figure 6.2 Convergence of Entertain
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(a) Figure 6.3 Examples of MTV Hija
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television producers to create show
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user-centered design, incorporates
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Sheri Lamont, who has practiced and
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ecognition of outstanding achieveme
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REFERENCES Adams, M., Anand, P. & F
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Halle, T. (2003). Standards for int
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Norman, D. (2004) Emotional design:
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Thurrott, P. (2004, October 12). Wi
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BROADBAND A network capable of deli
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MEDIA CENTER Media centers, or PC T
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which a television and a personal c
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