INTERACTION DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOR INTERACTIVE ...

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2.5.2 Affordances MSN TV offers its users many services such as Web access, email, chat, music and video, and photos. Users can take advantage of these Web-based capabilities as well as watch television all on the same screen. MSN TV is an example of converging digital technologies. 2.5.3 Constraints There are many interface design issues with MSN TV. As we can see from Figure 2.4, the interface is visually cluttered. It is inherently difficult to surf the Web on a television screen. Multitasking is difficult, as users don’t have the option of switching back and forth between multiple “windows” as on a PC. In addition, a television has less versatility, power, and memory than an actual computer. Resolution is also poor in NTSC delivery. Another fundamental difference between PC users and TV viewers is the “lean forward” versus the “lean back experience.” That is, PC users, with a “two foot” interface, are actively engaged with activities on the screen, while television viewers, with a “ten foot” interface, are traditionally passive consumers of content. It is difficult to force the two experiences into the television interface. Navigation and typing are also particularly difficult with a remote control or virtual keyboard rather than a mouse and real keyboard. However, with the advent of HDTV and digital television, some of the design issues – particularly with poor resolution – will soon no longer be an issue. It will be interesting to see whether Web TV returns in popularity in the near future. In fact, a single screen for television and networked interactivity may well become the norm. A more detailed analysis of Web TV will be discussed in chapter four in the case study comparing Web TV to the Microsoft Media Center. 37
2.6 WEB-BASED SYNCHRONOUS (TWO-SCREEN) A Web-based synchronous iTV application is one in which interactivity is synchronized with the broadcast of the program itself. This type of programming takes advantage of a two-screen application in which a television and a personal computer are in the same room and are simultaneously utilized by the viewer. Content is “pushed” by the network to all computers that are logged in to the application. For example, a film is being shown on television while trivia, synchronized to appropriate moments in the film, is delivered over the Web to a personal computer. Other types of content that have been delivered via a two-screen platform include dynamic voting, polling, pictures, special offers, and chat. 2.6.1 Representative Example: TNT Interactive Figure 2.5 provides examples of the TNT Interactive interface. 2.6.2 Affordances (a) (b) Figure 2.5 Examples of TNT Interactive Interface (a) and (b) Web-based synchronous applications take advantage of the fact that many consumers have a personal computer and a television in the same room. Statistics do indicate that viewers are increasingly actively using the computer while watching 38
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INTERACTION DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOR I
Page 3 and 4: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This thesis would n
Page 5 and 6: 2.3.3 Constraints 2.4 Electronic /
Page 7 and 8: 4.2 Designing for Television 4.2.1
Page 9 and 10: Table 1.1 Table 1.2 Table 1.3 Table
Page 11 and 12: Figure 2.6 Figure 2.7 Figure 2.8 Fi
Page 13 and 14: Figure 5.4 Figure 5.5 Figure 5.6 Fi
Page 15 and 16: Figure 5.36 Figure 5.37 Figure 5.38
Page 17 and 18: SUMMARY Interactive television (iTV
Page 19 and 20: However, it is clear that televisio
Page 21 and 22: looking closely at existing designs
Page 23 and 24: For viewers with analog television
Page 25 and 26: Figure 1.3 Percent of Households wi
Page 27 and 28: interact with television shows by u
Page 29 and 30: New Media usage is dominated by 18
Page 31 and 32: Figure 1.6 Winky Dink and You The o
Page 33 and 34: 1.4.1 BBC Interactive Figure 1.7 In
Page 35 and 36: 1.4.2 Additional Examples Many othe
Page 37 and 38: Table 1.6 (continued). Greece Local
Page 39 and 40: Table 1.6 (continued). New Zealand
Page 41 and 42: using a combination of visual cultu
Page 43 and 44: CHAPTER 2 BROAD CATEGORIES OF ITV P
Page 45 and 46: Table 2.1 Categorization of iTV by
Page 47 and 48: capable of storing an enormous amou
Page 49 and 50: (c) Figure 2.2 Examples of Comcast
Page 51 and 52: (c) (d) Figure 2.3 Examples of Gems
Page 53: users to send email, chat, and surf
Page 57 and 58: interactive or enhanced content on
Page 59 and 60: they allow for greater versatility,
Page 61 and 62: Networks have also used wireless de
Page 63 and 64: The American Film Institute’s enh
Page 65 and 66: game consoles with televisions and
Page 67 and 68: Interactivity must be tied to origi
Page 69 and 70: CHAPTER 3 BROAD CATEGORIES OF ITV P
Page 71 and 72: information about the topic at hand
Page 73 and 74: said they would do so again in the
Page 75 and 76: 3.2.1 Representative Example in Spo
Page 77 and 78: (a) (b) Figure 3.3 Test the Nation
Page 79 and 80: interactive TV betting service tota
Page 81 and 82: application was also available on t
Page 83 and 84: the ABC telecast throughout the eve
Page 85 and 86: platforms. The navigation is timeli
Page 87 and 88: 3.7 SHOPPING Shopping, or purchasin
Page 89 and 90: - and as close to the regular exper
Page 91 and 92: CNN Crossfire, broadcast in front o
Page 93 and 94: Dramas may need to operate under a
Page 95 and 96: The participatory aspect of many pr
Page 97 and 98: 4.1.1 Grid-Based Design Grid-based
Page 99 and 100: The Law of Similarity. Elements tha
Page 101 and 102: more visually pleasing, but can hel
Page 103 and 104: Figure 4.3 TV Aspect Ratios Althoug
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and graphics-safe areas for designi
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4.2.4 Line Width The image on a tel
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shapes, to make similar letters dis
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specification. OCAP is intended to
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pages. Web applications that exceed
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Source: Human Factors International
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working on a computer is not a soli
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media, among others. Figure 4.9 pro
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MSN TV 2, which Microsoft rolled ou
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with a handheld remote control from
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Table 4.2 outlines some of the diff
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should be designed with the televis
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Pages that appear in series, one af
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CHAPTER 5 PRINCIPLES OF INTERACTION
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through… The computer’s spatial
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medium. The current state of this e
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through the different elements offe
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y the wider context of the program
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History IQ focused on keeping the i
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een programs that were still in dev
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features of a DVD immediately after
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context where the learner is consci
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viewing experiences so that each vi
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(a) (b) Figure 5.10 TiVo WishList (
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e voted off the island. In both cas
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them so conducive to iTV programmin
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own content in ways similar to this
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In the first of a series of on-air
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Jakob Nielsen notes that users are
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(a) (b) Figure 5.22 TV411 Interface
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Figure 5.25 Life 360 Competing Elem
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(a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 5.28 Example
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epresentative of the red button tha
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Lamont brings up compelling advanta
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lower right-hand areas are privileg
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5.4 NAVIGATION Navigation pertains
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Figure 5.35 New Americans Orientati
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Figure 5.37 Test the Nation User In
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applications based on the televisio
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esearchers, “In many ways, the pa
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In Robert Miller’s classic user r
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ecycling bin from Windows, that sta
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importance (see chapter three). In
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Figure 5.46 Examples of Mobile Inte
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CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DI
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Figure 6.2 Convergence of Entertain
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(a) Figure 6.3 Examples of MTV Hija
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television producers to create show
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user-centered design, incorporates
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Sheri Lamont, who has practiced and
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ecognition of outstanding achieveme
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REFERENCES Adams, M., Anand, P. & F
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Halle, T. (2003). Standards for int
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Norman, D. (2004) Emotional design:
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Thurrott, P. (2004, October 12). Wi
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BROADBAND A network capable of deli
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MEDIA CENTER Media centers, or PC T
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which a television and a personal c
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