INTERACTION DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOR INTERACTIVE ...

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5.5.2 New Technologies For relatively new technological entrants into the iTV realm such as mobile devices, very little has been done to study effective interface design on these platforms, where new design issues arise. The screen on most cellular phones and PDAs, for example, is relatively square compared to that of a television screen or computer monitor, comprising of a different aspect ratio to design for. Screen resolution is also relatively poor, and very few words can be displayed on the screen at once. Because of this, excessive scrolling is perhaps even more irritating on a mobile device than it is on a television monitor. Finally, mobile devices do not yet have ubiquitous support for applications developed in Java or Flash, for example, and platforms in which content can be developed for mobile devices are still very limited. Together, these factors make it difficult for designers to effectively repackage iTV materials for mobile technologies. Donald Norman notes that “Each time a new technology comes along, new designers make the same horrible mistakes as their predecessors. Technologists are not noted for learning from the errors of the past. They look forward, not behind, so they repeat the same problems over and over again. Today’s wireless devices are appalling” (2002). The array of mobile interfaces in Figure 5.46 demonstrates that there are many ways to design for this medium. A key challenge to designing for the relatively small screens of mobile devices is the display of Web content and text legibility. Human-computer interaction specialists are currently working on zooming techniques to address this problem. Patrick Baudisch, an HCI research scientist at the Visualization and Interaction Research Group at Microsoft Research, has been working on two of these projects. 173
Figure 5.46 Examples of Mobile Interfaces (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e) “Summary thumbnails” is a mobile browser that renders pages as thumbnails, but keeps the text large enough to read using text truncation. Another solution, “collapse-to- zoom,” allows users to use a stylus to draw lines across areas on a thumbnail display of a Web page to either zoom into desired content or collapse unwanted content. Frauenfelder notes that if such techniques become standard in mobile browsers, designers will come to rely on these when they create mobile content in the future (2005). Another research team, Robertson, et al, whose team prototyped a PDA-ITV application, offers the following guidelines for designing for use in multiple-device situations: Distribute information across the appropriate devices Combine devices so that the ensemble provides more than each independent device (d) Information content strongly determines display format, which should be mapped to the appropriate device(s) (a) (b) (c) 174 (e)
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INTERACTION DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOR I
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This thesis would n
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2.3.3 Constraints 2.4 Electronic /
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4.2 Designing for Television 4.2.1
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Table 1.1 Table 1.2 Table 1.3 Table
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Figure 2.6 Figure 2.7 Figure 2.8 Fi
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Figure 5.4 Figure 5.5 Figure 5.6 Fi
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Figure 5.36 Figure 5.37 Figure 5.38
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SUMMARY Interactive television (iTV
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However, it is clear that televisio
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looking closely at existing designs
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For viewers with analog television
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Figure 1.3 Percent of Households wi
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interact with television shows by u
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New Media usage is dominated by 18
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Figure 1.6 Winky Dink and You The o
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1.4.1 BBC Interactive Figure 1.7 In
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1.4.2 Additional Examples Many othe
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Table 1.6 (continued). Greece Local
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Table 1.6 (continued). New Zealand
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using a combination of visual cultu
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CHAPTER 2 BROAD CATEGORIES OF ITV P
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Table 2.1 Categorization of iTV by
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capable of storing an enormous amou
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(c) Figure 2.2 Examples of Comcast
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(c) (d) Figure 2.3 Examples of Gems
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users to send email, chat, and surf
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2.6 WEB-BASED SYNCHRONOUS (TWO-SCRE
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interactive or enhanced content on
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they allow for greater versatility,
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Networks have also used wireless de
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The American Film Institute’s enh
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game consoles with televisions and
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Interactivity must be tied to origi
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CHAPTER 3 BROAD CATEGORIES OF ITV P
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information about the topic at hand
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said they would do so again in the
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3.2.1 Representative Example in Spo
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(a) (b) Figure 3.3 Test the Nation
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interactive TV betting service tota
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application was also available on t
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the ABC telecast throughout the eve
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platforms. The navigation is timeli
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3.7 SHOPPING Shopping, or purchasin
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- and as close to the regular exper
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CNN Crossfire, broadcast in front o
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Dramas may need to operate under a
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The participatory aspect of many pr
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4.1.1 Grid-Based Design Grid-based
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The Law of Similarity. Elements tha
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more visually pleasing, but can hel
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Figure 4.3 TV Aspect Ratios Althoug
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and graphics-safe areas for designi
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4.2.4 Line Width The image on a tel
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shapes, to make similar letters dis
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specification. OCAP is intended to
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pages. Web applications that exceed
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Source: Human Factors International
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working on a computer is not a soli
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media, among others. Figure 4.9 pro
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MSN TV 2, which Microsoft rolled ou
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with a handheld remote control from
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Table 4.2 outlines some of the diff
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should be designed with the televis
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Pages that appear in series, one af
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CHAPTER 5 PRINCIPLES OF INTERACTION
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through… The computer’s spatial
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medium. The current state of this e
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through the different elements offe
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Page 175 and 176: 5.4 NAVIGATION Navigation pertains
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Page 197 and 198: (a) Figure 6.3 Examples of MTV Hija
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Page 203 and 204: Sheri Lamont, who has practiced and
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Page 207 and 208: REFERENCES Adams, M., Anand, P. & F
Page 209 and 210: Halle, T. (2003). Standards for int
Page 211 and 212: Norman, D. (2004) Emotional design:
Page 213 and 214: Thurrott, P. (2004, October 12). Wi
Page 215 and 216: BROADBAND A network capable of deli
Page 217 and 218: MEDIA CENTER Media centers, or PC T
Page 219: which a television and a personal c
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