INTERACTION DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOR INTERACTIVE ...

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pertinent to the interface design of a system. The usability perspective is concerned with the navigation of the system. Theory will be based on well-known texts in the two fields. From visual culture, I will be referencing primarily Kevin Mullet & Darrell Sano’s Designing Visual Interfaces: Communication Oriented Techniques (1994). From the usability perspective, I will be drawing from the works of renowned usability specialists Donald Norman and Jakob Nielsen. Finally, I will also incorporate relevant techniques from existing Web and television design standards. I have separated interaction design concerns for interactive television into three areas to be explored in greater detail – interaction model, interface, and navigation – and will address common design concerns in each case respectively. Interaction Model. What is the basic model of interaction behind the iTV program or application? For example, how is the interactivity conceived? What type of interaction does it allow? How does the interaction change the audience’s viewing experience? The interaction model must take into account the content of the television program, its genre, and the context in which the interactivity is being conceived. The interaction model is derived from the TV genre and platform affordances; the principles that apply here transcend any show in particular. Interface. Interface refers to the visual look of the design on the television, computer screen, or mobile device. A visual culture approach is the best way to examine this area. For example, are the elements on the screen too cluttered? Do the colors work well together? How approachable is the design for unfamiliar users? Navigation. Navigation refers to the way users actually move through an iTV application. Is it with a remote, a mouse, or both? How easy is it to navigate 119
through the different elements offered, or to follow along a specified path? How easy is it for users to exit the program? As interface is explored from a visual culture perspective, navigation will be explored from a usability perspective. Within environments of increased functionality, maintaining usability should be a key design goal for interaction designers. The principles presented in this chapter are necessarily generalized because they must be robust enough to apply across a range of design situations. They are not strict rules or guidelines, but are rather observations gleaned from examining existing designs in abstraction, “the process by which the essential qualities of the thing being represented are separated from the actual physical object or event. By removing superficial or idiosyncratic details, the designer helps the viewer see the formal qualities that tie the representation to its object” (Mullet & Sano, 1994). Whenever possible, I will also identify some common pitfalls and suggest techniques for maximizing the effectiveness of the design. 5.1.6 The Designer’s Challenge The greatest challenge for iTV interaction designers is to design easy to use, engaging, and satisfying experiences for viewers while maximizing the affordances of the digital medium. While designers have a responsibility to keep up with evolving technology platforms, it is worthwhile to keep in mind that in the long run, “interaction is governed by our biology, psychology, society and culture… As each new technology matures, customers are no longer happy with the flashy promises of the technology but instead demand understandable and workable designs… Technology may change rapidly, but people change slowly” (Norman, 2002). The key to good iTV interaction design is to motivate the viewers and not to disappoint them when they do act: present users with an 120
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INTERACTION DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOR I
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This thesis would n
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2.3.3 Constraints 2.4 Electronic /
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4.2 Designing for Television 4.2.1
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Table 1.1 Table 1.2 Table 1.3 Table
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Figure 2.6 Figure 2.7 Figure 2.8 Fi
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Figure 5.4 Figure 5.5 Figure 5.6 Fi
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Figure 5.36 Figure 5.37 Figure 5.38
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SUMMARY Interactive television (iTV
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However, it is clear that televisio
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looking closely at existing designs
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For viewers with analog television
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Figure 1.3 Percent of Households wi
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interact with television shows by u
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New Media usage is dominated by 18
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Figure 1.6 Winky Dink and You The o
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1.4.1 BBC Interactive Figure 1.7 In
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1.4.2 Additional Examples Many othe
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Table 1.6 (continued). Greece Local
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Table 1.6 (continued). New Zealand
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using a combination of visual cultu
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CHAPTER 2 BROAD CATEGORIES OF ITV P
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Table 2.1 Categorization of iTV by
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capable of storing an enormous amou
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(c) Figure 2.2 Examples of Comcast
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(c) (d) Figure 2.3 Examples of Gems
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users to send email, chat, and surf
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2.6 WEB-BASED SYNCHRONOUS (TWO-SCRE
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interactive or enhanced content on
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they allow for greater versatility,
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Networks have also used wireless de
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The American Film Institute’s enh
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game consoles with televisions and
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Interactivity must be tied to origi
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CHAPTER 3 BROAD CATEGORIES OF ITV P
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information about the topic at hand
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said they would do so again in the
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3.2.1 Representative Example in Spo
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(a) (b) Figure 3.3 Test the Nation
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interactive TV betting service tota
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application was also available on t
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the ABC telecast throughout the eve
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Page 87 and 88: 3.7 SHOPPING Shopping, or purchasin
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Page 91 and 92: CNN Crossfire, broadcast in front o
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Page 95 and 96: The participatory aspect of many pr
Page 97 and 98: 4.1.1 Grid-Based Design Grid-based
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Page 103 and 104: Figure 4.3 TV Aspect Ratios Althoug
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Page 107 and 108: 4.2.4 Line Width The image on a tel
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Page 115 and 116: Source: Human Factors International
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Page 119 and 120: media, among others. Figure 4.9 pro
Page 121 and 122: MSN TV 2, which Microsoft rolled ou
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Page 125 and 126: Table 4.2 outlines some of the diff
Page 127 and 128: should be designed with the televis
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Page 131 and 132: CHAPTER 5 PRINCIPLES OF INTERACTION
Page 133 and 134: through… The computer’s spatial
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Page 159 and 160: In the first of a series of on-air
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Page 163 and 164: (a) (b) Figure 5.22 TV411 Interface
Page 165 and 166: Figure 5.25 Life 360 Competing Elem
Page 167 and 168: (a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 5.28 Example
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Page 175 and 176: 5.4 NAVIGATION Navigation pertains
Page 177 and 178: Figure 5.35 New Americans Orientati
Page 179 and 180: Figure 5.37 Test the Nation User In
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ecycling bin from Windows, that sta
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importance (see chapter three). In
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Figure 5.46 Examples of Mobile Inte
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CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DI
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Figure 6.2 Convergence of Entertain
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(a) Figure 6.3 Examples of MTV Hija
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television producers to create show
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user-centered design, incorporates
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Sheri Lamont, who has practiced and
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ecognition of outstanding achieveme
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REFERENCES Adams, M., Anand, P. & F
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Halle, T. (2003). Standards for int
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Norman, D. (2004) Emotional design:
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Thurrott, P. (2004, October 12). Wi
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BROADBAND A network capable of deli
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MEDIA CENTER Media centers, or PC T
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which a television and a personal c
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