Poverty and Human Development Report 2009 - UNDP in Tanzania

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POVERTY AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2009 Figure 40: Budget Allocations in the Water Sector, 2004 to 2010 80 Billion shillings 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 0.0% 2004/5 2005/6 2006/7 2007/8 2008/9 2009/10 Source: MoWI Budget Speeches, 2007, 2008, 2009 Water Sector Budget Allocation 2004 -10 Actual Proportion of total budget The sector’s increased allocations have not yet been able to translate into noticeable improvement in coverage figures. It may be too early to see improvements in access resulting from increased development spending under the WSDP, but the following observations may be made: 6.0% 5.0% 4.0% 3.0% 2.0% 1.0% • Independent monitoring suggests functionality rates in rural areas of only 54% (WaterAid, forthcoming) which effectively halves the impact of new investments. To secure past gains, the sector is, therefore, forced to spend a substantial amount of resources to rehabilitate existing, though non-functioning, schemes. • • Limited funding has resulted in a lack of ‘pipeline’ projects ready to be implemented (i.e., those with project designs in place and feasibility studies completed) as soon as additional funding is made available. The current development budget includes large allocations for feasibility studies and project preparation. These activities will not result in improved access to services until the projects are completed. Actual expenditure has generally lagged behind budget allocations (Figure 41). This can be partly explained by the interplay of issues in the budgeting, planning, procurement and disbursement processes. Capacity constraints and the unpredictable and slow release of funds are major factors. The timely release of funds is particularly important for the water sector because of the inherent constraint that implementation of a large part of the actual works can take place only outside the rainy seasons.
Figure 41: Water Sector Budget and Expenditure (in Tshs billion), 2000/01 to 2007/08 Source: Tanzania Public Expenditure Review of the Water Sector (World Bank, 2009b) 53 WSDP launched Given these factors, it is not surprising that improvements in water coverage are not yet evident. The upcoming TDHS 2009/10 will provide further indication on the extent to which allocations to the sector have resulted into changes in access. Sanitation CLUSTER II- GOAL 3 Household sanitation The main source of data on household sanitation is household surveys, which report what types of latrine are used by households. However, the survey category ‘traditional pit latrine’ does not distinguish between basic pit latrines and latrines with washable slabs. Latrines with washable slabs are classified as ‘improved’, and those without washable slabs as ‘unimproved’ as they do not provide effective prevention against disease (as per UNICEF and World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines). 53 Note that some of the data in this chart are not exactly the same as those in Figure 7 above. It is not uncommon for a public expenditure review to report budget data which have been the subject of revisions, supplemental budgets and include off-budget expenditures. 81
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UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA POVERTY
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COnTEnTS List of Tables ...........
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MKUKUTA Cluster II: CONteNts Improv
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CONteNts Data.for.Monitoring.......
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CONteNts HOUSEHOLD OCCUPATION AND P
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Table 25: Table 26: Percent of Adul
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Figure 21: Figure 22: Percentage of
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LisT Of AbbREViATiONs AIDS Acquired
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PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Pap
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ExECUTIvE SUMMARy The Poverty and H
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in poverty. Nonetheless, the challe
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evise allocations based on identifi
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Monitoring Implications A comprehen
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eXeCUtiVe sUMMarY Good governance a
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Chapter Progress towards the goals
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GDP Growth by Sector the principal
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Figure 2: Sectoral Contribution to
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Chapter I CLUSter 1 Box 2: The Impa
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Household Income (Consumption) Pove
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Income Poverty and GDP Growth the 2
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although global oil and food prices
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Figure 6: FDI Inflows 2000-2008 (US
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orrow from outside tanzania, where
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Infrastructure Roads the condition
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quantity but also in quality. for i
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Chapter I CLUSter 1 GOaL 4 & 5 prop
Page 57 and 58: Customers Connected to Sources of E
Page 59 and 60: Cluster I Conclusions and Policy Im
Page 61 and 62: MKUKUTA INDICATORS - SUMMARY OF DAT
Page 63 and 64: Indicator Baseline Trend Target MKU
Page 69 and 70: MKUKUTA Cluster II: Improvement of
Page 71 and 72: Regional variations in enrolment ha
Page 73 and 74: CLUSTER II- GOAL 1 and/or not compl
Page 75 and 76: Pupil/Teacher Ratio Overall, the pu
Page 77 and 78: provision of housing, funding for w
Page 79 and 80: CLUSTER II- GOAL 1 Table 11: Primar
Page 81 and 82: Table 12: Benefit Incidence Analysi
Page 83 and 84: Figure 15: Infant and Under-Five Mo
Page 85 and 86: Figure 17: Prevalence of Malaria in
Page 87 and 88: Figure 19: Percentage of Children U
Page 89 and 90: Table 13: Indicators of Malnutritio
Page 91 and 92: CLUSTER II- GOAL 2 Ghana (Edmond et
Page 93 and 94: Figure 24: Percentage of Births Tak
Page 95 and 96: Figure 26: HIV Prevalence by Age Gr
Page 97 and 98: Figure 28: Projected Number of Adul
Page 99 and 100: Projections based on the model indi
Page 101 and 102: Access to Healthcare Services On th
Page 103 and 104: Health Services Development Strateg
Page 105 and 106: Figure 34: Access to Clean and Safe
Page 112 and 113: POVERTY AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPOR
Page 128 and 129: MKUKUTA INDICATORS - SUMMARY OF DAT
Page 130 and 131: Target Indicator Baseline Trend MKU
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POVERTY AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPOR
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Indicator Baseline Trend Target MKU
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Chapter 2 An AnAlysis of household
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Composition of Consumption Consumpt
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the poverty line basket was valued
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Figure 50: Daily Caloric Intake per
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Figure 52: Poverty Incidence Curves
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Food share typically, a drop in the
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Liters per Adult Equivalent Kilogra
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Kilograms per Adult Equivalent 6 5
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Consumer Durables data from the hBs
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Additional data from the tanzania h
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Table 41: Percent of All Households
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Table 44: Percent of Males and Fema
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Table 46: Distribution of Household
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Conclusion Chapter 2 income poverty
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pOVertY aND hUMaN DeVeLOpMeNt repOr
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Chapter 2 Hoogeveen, J. & Ruhinduka
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Poverty and Human Development Report 2009 - UNDP in Tanzania

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