Poverty and Human Development Report 2009 - UNDP in Tanzania

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POVERTY AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2009 Higher Education Enrolment in Higher Education Institutions The rapid acceleration in tertiary education continues. Enrolments in higher education institutions totalled 95,525 students in 2008/09, up from 82,428 students in 2006/07 (Figure 14). The MKUKUTA target has now been exceeded. Figure 14: Gross Enrolment in Higher Education Institutions, 2002/03 – 2008/09, with MKUKUTA Target Number of students enrolled 50 120,000 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 0 30,700 40,184 48,230 55,296 75,346 82,428 95,525 90,000 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 MKUKUTA Target 2009/10 Academic years Sources: PHDR 2005 (RAWG, 2005) and MoEVT, BEST (various years). However, the proportion of young people from the poorest two quintiles of households attending tertiary institutions is only 4%, compared with 56% from the least poor quintile (Table 12). In addition, the under-representation of girls in higher secondary continues into tertiary education; only 34% of tertiary students are women. The percentage of female students improved slightly over the previous year, suggesting that the pre-entry programme for women with lower qualifications – which was introduced to expand women’s participation – is having a positive effect. Investing in the more efficient operation of the Higher Education Loans Board will be a necessary step towards increasing equity – and ensuring that the increased budget allocations to the tertiary sub-sector support the institutions and the students who attend.
Table 12: Benefit Incidence Analysis of Education, by Wealth Quintile Wealth Quintile Percent Attending Percent of public budget Prim Sec Tertiary Primary Sec Tertiary Total Private contribution CLUSTER II- GOAL 1 Share of total spending Poorest 24% 13% 0% 13% 2% 0% 16% 6% 14% 2 nd Quintile 24% 19% 4% 13% 3% 1% 17% 10% 16% 3 rd Quintile 22% 20% 22% 12% 3% 6% 21% 12% 20% 4 th Quintile 18% 23% 18% 10% 4% 5% 19% 19% 19% Least Poor 12% 24% 56% 7% 4% 16% 27% 53% 31% Tanzania 100% 100% 100% 55% 17% 28% 100% 100% 100% Total (billion Tshs) Source: DPG, 2008 642.7 201.6 327.7 1172.0 256.6 1428.6 Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Currently no MKUKUTA indicators have been specified for technical and vocational education. However, BEST 2009 provides TVET data for the first time. Results show a decrease in the number of graduates from 126,000 to 93,000, and an increase in students dropping out from courses. The sharp drop in the proportion of overall funding allocated to TVET in 2008/09 shown in Table 9 will further impact provision. In terms of disparities, girls’ representation in technical training varies widely by course, for example, 17.6% in engineering and other science; 64.6% in health and allied science (MoEVT, 2008b). Overall, in 2008/09, girls made up 43.2% of enrolments in TVET – a decline from the previous year. By location, western Tanzania has relatively fewer TEVT institutions than other parts of the country, making it more expensive (especially in transport costs) for potential students from these regions to access courses. Plans for a national Technical and Vocational Training Development Programme are in train, but they are at a very early stage of development. Despite the lack of an overall plan, a number of vocational training centres are currently being rehabilitated and expanded, including the much needed upgrading of equipment. 51
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UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA POVERTY
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COnTEnTS List of Tables ...........
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MKUKUTA Cluster II: CONteNts Improv
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CONteNts Data.for.Monitoring.......
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CONteNts HOUSEHOLD OCCUPATION AND P
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Table 25: Table 26: Percent of Adul
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Figure 21: Figure 22: Percentage of
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LisT Of AbbREViATiONs AIDS Acquired
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PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Pap
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ExECUTIvE SUMMARy The Poverty and H
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in poverty. Nonetheless, the challe
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evise allocations based on identifi
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Monitoring Implications A comprehen
Page 29: eXeCUtiVe sUMMarY Good governance a
Page 33 and 34: Chapter Progress towards the goals
Page 35 and 36: GDP Growth by Sector the principal
Page 37 and 38: Figure 2: Sectoral Contribution to
Page 39 and 40: Chapter I CLUSter 1 Box 2: The Impa
Page 41 and 42: Household Income (Consumption) Pove
Page 43 and 44: Income Poverty and GDP Growth the 2
Page 45 and 46: although global oil and food prices
Page 47 and 48: Figure 6: FDI Inflows 2000-2008 (US
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Page 51 and 52: Infrastructure Roads the condition
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Page 55 and 56: Chapter I CLUSter 1 GOaL 4 & 5 prop
Page 57 and 58: Customers Connected to Sources of E
Page 59 and 60: Cluster I Conclusions and Policy Im
Page 61 and 62: MKUKUTA INDICATORS - SUMMARY OF DAT
Page 63 and 64: Indicator Baseline Trend Target MKU
Page 69 and 70: MKUKUTA Cluster II: Improvement of
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Page 73 and 74: CLUSTER II- GOAL 1 and/or not compl
Page 75 and 76: Pupil/Teacher Ratio Overall, the pu
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Page 85 and 86: Figure 17: Prevalence of Malaria in
Page 87 and 88: Figure 19: Percentage of Children U
Page 89 and 90: Table 13: Indicators of Malnutritio
Page 91 and 92: CLUSTER II- GOAL 2 Ghana (Edmond et
Page 93 and 94: Figure 24: Percentage of Births Tak
Page 95 and 96: Figure 26: HIV Prevalence by Age Gr
Page 97 and 98: Figure 28: Projected Number of Adul
Page 99 and 100: Projections based on the model indi
Page 101 and 102: Access to Healthcare Services On th
Page 103 and 104: Health Services Development Strateg
Page 105 and 106: Figure 34: Access to Clean and Safe
Page 110 and 111: POVERTY AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPOR
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Target Indicator Baseline Trend MKU
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Sources: a = various sources as ind
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POVERTY AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPOR
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Indicator Baseline Trend Target MKU
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Chapter 2 An AnAlysis of household
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Composition of Consumption Consumpt
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the poverty line basket was valued
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Figure 50: Daily Caloric Intake per
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Figure 52: Poverty Incidence Curves
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Food share typically, a drop in the
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Liters per Adult Equivalent Kilogra
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Kilograms per Adult Equivalent 6 5
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Consumer Durables data from the hBs
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Additional data from the tanzania h
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Table 41: Percent of All Households
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Table 44: Percent of Males and Fema
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Table 46: Distribution of Household
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Conclusion Chapter 2 income poverty
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pOVertY aND hUMaN DeVeLOpMeNt repOr
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Chapter 2 Hoogeveen, J. & Ruhinduka
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Poverty and Human Development Report 2009 - UNDP in Tanzania

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