Poverty and Human Development Report 2009 - UNDP in Tanzania

POVERTY AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2009
Figure 42: Type of Latrine Used by Households
% of Households
82
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
No latrine, 5%
Pit latrine, 85%
No latrine, 7%
Pit latrine, 85%
Pit latrine, 85%
VIP, 5%
VIP, 5%
Flush, 5% Flush, 3%
Surveys
No latrine, 6%
Unimprove, 47%
Shared, 13%
Improved, 34%
TDHS 2004 / 05 HBS 2007 JMP 2008
Sources: TAWASANET, 2008 based on data from TDHS 2004/05; HBS 2007; and Joint Monitoring
Programme (JMP) for Water and Sanitation (WHO and UNICEF, 2008).
Figure 42 shows how survey data provides an incomplete picture. Data from TDHS 2004/05 and
HBS 2007 indicate that 85% of households have a pit latrine, but do not provide any information
on how many of these latrines are improved and unimproved, or shared by more than one
household. The Joint Monitoring Programme, which uses the WHO-UNICEF categories, gives
rough estimates of what proportions of latrines are improved, unimproved and shared. Based on
HBS data, 93% of households have access to at least a basic latrine, while the JMP suggests
that only 34% of households have access to improved latrines. Positively, the TDHS 2009/10 (and
future HBS) will distinguish between improved and unimproved pit latrines, which will provide
more accurate data to inform sanitation policy and interventions.
Figure 43 shows access to household sanitation by residence. Data indicate limited improvements
in overall sanitation access, with a slight decrease in the percentage of rural households with no
latrine compared with 2004/05.