Poverty and Human Development Report 2009 - UNDP in Tanzania

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POVERTY AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2009 Goal 5 128 Reduction of Political and Social Exclusion and Intolerance There is one indicator of progress towards this goal: • Number of cases filed for infringement of human rights The Commission for Human Rights and Good Governance (CHRGG) reports on the number of cases filed with the Commission for infringement of human rights. The rise in cases filed from 2,789 in 2004/05 to 4,948 in 2006/07 has been attributed to an outreach programme by the Commission. The number of cases has subsequently declined to 2,459 in 2008/09, but it is not clear to what extent this reduction is due to less active outreach work on the part of the Commission, or to a real decline in cases of human rights violations. Goal 6 Improve Personal and Material Security, Reduce Crime, and Eliminate Sexual Abuse and Domestic Violence Most of the MKUKUTA indicators for this goal focus on the operation of the justice system. They are: • • • • Average number of inmates per facility as a percentage of authorised capacity Number of cases of crimes reported (Court of Appeal, High Court, District Courts) Percentage of cases of sexual abuse reported that resulted in a conviction Percentage of surveyed respondents (male and female) who agree that a husband is justified in hitting or beating his wife for a specific reason. Number of Inmates in Detention Facilities The average number of inmates per facility as a percentage of authorised capacity is intended to capture the problem of overcrowding in prisons. The trend shows that overcrowding has decreased from the baseline of 196.3% set in 2004/05 to 151% in 2007/08. Crimes Reported The number of cases in the Court of Appeal and High Court has increased steadily since 2001. For the Court of Appeal, the total number of cases was just over 200 in 2004/05 and 2005/06, and rose to 306 in 2006/07. Cases in the High Court numbered around 2,000 up to 2003/04, but have risen steadily to 5,396 in 2006/07. District Court caseload data have fluctuated significantly since 2000, suggesting the figures are questionable.
Sexual Abuse Sexual abuse and harassment remain common violations of human rights in Tanzania, especially of women and children. Hard data about the extent of sexual abuse and prosecution of these offences are not yet available. Many cases of abuse are neither reported to the police, nor referred by them to the courts. Domestic Violence The MKUKUTA indicator – ‘percentage of men and women who agree that a husband is justified in hitting or beating his wife for a specific reason’ – was first reported by the THDS 2004/05. These findings on public tolerance towards domestic violence were alarming; 60% of women and 42% of men agreed that men are justified in beating their wives. New data are expected from the next TDHS in 2009/10. People’s Perceptions of Public Safety In addition to the specific indicators under this goal, the Afrobarometer surveys provide valuable data on people’s perceptions of personal and material security over time as well as trust in the police and courts, which are key institutions in maintaining public safety and order. Findings show a decline from 2003 to 2008 in the percentage of respondents who feared becoming a victim of crime in their own home from 48% in 2003 to 37% in 2008 (Table 30). Table 30: Citizens’ Level of Fear of Crime in Their Own Home (% of respondents) Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family, feared crime in your own home? 2003 2005 2008 Never 51 67 63 Just once or twice 14 12 17 Several times/many times/always 34 21 20 Source: Afrobarometer 2003, 2005 and 2008 CHAPTER 1 - CLUSTER III - GOAL 5 & 6 This trend suggests some success on the part of law enforcement agencies, relevant ministries and communities in preventing and combating crime since 2003. Citizens’ perceptions of fear of crime correlate with findings about their actual experience of theft from their homes (Table 31). 129
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UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA POVERTY
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COnTEnTS List of Tables ...........
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MKUKUTA Cluster II: CONteNts Improv
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CONteNts Data.for.Monitoring.......
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CONteNts HOUSEHOLD OCCUPATION AND P
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Table 25: Table 26: Percent of Adul
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Figure 21: Figure 22: Percentage of
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LisT Of AbbREViATiONs AIDS Acquired
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PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Pap
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ExECUTIvE SUMMARy The Poverty and H
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in poverty. Nonetheless, the challe
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evise allocations based on identifi
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Monitoring Implications A comprehen
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eXeCUtiVe sUMMarY Good governance a
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Chapter Progress towards the goals
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GDP Growth by Sector the principal
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Figure 2: Sectoral Contribution to
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Chapter I CLUSter 1 Box 2: The Impa
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Household Income (Consumption) Pove
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Income Poverty and GDP Growth the 2
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although global oil and food prices
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Figure 6: FDI Inflows 2000-2008 (US
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orrow from outside tanzania, where
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Infrastructure Roads the condition
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quantity but also in quality. for i
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Chapter I CLUSter 1 GOaL 4 & 5 prop
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Customers Connected to Sources of E
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Cluster I Conclusions and Policy Im
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MKUKUTA INDICATORS - SUMMARY OF DAT
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Indicator Baseline Trend Target MKU
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MKUKUTA Cluster II: Improvement of
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Regional variations in enrolment ha
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CLUSTER II- GOAL 1 and/or not compl
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Pupil/Teacher Ratio Overall, the pu
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provision of housing, funding for w
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CLUSTER II- GOAL 1 Table 11: Primar
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Table 12: Benefit Incidence Analysi
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Figure 15: Infant and Under-Five Mo
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Figure 17: Prevalence of Malaria in
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Figure 19: Percentage of Children U
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Table 13: Indicators of Malnutritio
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CLUSTER II- GOAL 2 Ghana (Edmond et
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Figure 24: Percentage of Births Tak
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Figure 26: HIV Prevalence by Age Gr
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Figure 28: Projected Number of Adul
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Projections based on the model indi
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Access to Healthcare Services On th
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Health Services Development Strateg
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Figure 34: Access to Clean and Safe
Page 110 and 111: POVERTY AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPOR
Page 128 and 129: MKUKUTA INDICATORS - SUMMARY OF DAT
Page 130 and 131: Target Indicator Baseline Trend MKU
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Page 164 and 165: Indicator Baseline Trend Target MKU
Page 173 and 174: Chapter 2 An AnAlysis of household
Page 175 and 176: Composition of Consumption Consumpt
Page 177 and 178: the poverty line basket was valued
Page 179 and 180: Figure 50: Daily Caloric Intake per
Page 181 and 182: Figure 52: Poverty Incidence Curves
Page 183 and 184: Food share typically, a drop in the
Page 185 and 186: Liters per Adult Equivalent Kilogra
Page 187 and 188: Kilograms per Adult Equivalent 6 5
Page 189 and 190: Consumer Durables data from the hBs
Page 191 and 192: Additional data from the tanzania h
Page 193 and 194: Table 41: Percent of All Households
Page 195 and 196: Table 44: Percent of Males and Fema
Page 197 and 198: Table 46: Distribution of Household
Page 199: Conclusion Chapter 2 income poverty
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pOVertY aND hUMaN DeVeLOpMeNt repOr
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Chapter 2 Hoogeveen, J. & Ruhinduka
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Poverty and Human Development Report 2009 - UNDP in Tanzania

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