Poverty and Human Development Report 2009 - UNDP in Tanzania

More documents

Recommendations

Info

pOVertY aND hUMaN DeVeLOpMeNt repOrt 2009 global market prices for hides and skins (raw and processed) plummeted since september 2008. the price of salted semi-processed leather dropped from Usd 1,500 to Usd 500 per ton by March 2009. similarly, unsalted leather fetched only Usd 350 per ton in March compared to Usd 1,100 per ton in september 2008. huge stocks piled up in warehouses as exporters were no longer able to find buyers. in turn, tanners and exporters stopped buying hides and skins from producers, and when recommenced buying, the prices they offered were very low, giving no incentive for quality improvement. fortunately, the demand for gold, which accounted for about 34.7% of the value of tanzania’s exports in 2008, increased following loss of confidence in the hard currencies of developed countries. on the import side, food prices were less affected by the crisis since food demand is less income-elastic than other commodities. on the other hand, the world market price of crude oil (nYMeX) rose rapidly to a peak of Usd 147 per barrel in July 2008, then fell precipitously to a low of Usd 32.40 per barrel in January 2009, after which the oil price began to rise. thus, while the country’s external trade balance was shaped by the collapse of commodity prices, the negative impact was in part mitigated by the drop in fuel prices. tanzania’s tourism sector has expanded rapidly in recent years, and is currently the leading source of foreign exchange earnings. however, tourist operators indicated a drop in cash flows up to 20%, with tourist cancellations of 30-50% for the season starting January 2009. growth of passenger traffic at Julius nyerere international airport (Jnia) in dar es salaam declined to only 6.4% in 2008 contrasted to 16.1% in 2007. in January 2009, aircraft movement at Jnia declined by 11.2%, international passengers by 12.3%, freight tonnage by 4.9% and mail tonnage by 34.1% when compared to January 2008. tanzania still receives considerably more aid as a percentage of gdP than most other countries in the region. to date, there has been only limited impact on aid flows, but future funding will depend on the length and depth of the economic crisis in donor countries. however, given the severity of the slowdown in growth in advanced economies, a potential reduction in aid cannot be ruled out, and this poses a serious concern, though some international organisations, notably the iMf and european Union, have provided compensatory funding. in order to mitigate the impact of the crisis on the economy, the government took measures as part of a stimulus package spelt out in the 2009/10 budget. Key elements of the package included: compensating losses incurred by cooperatives and private companies which sold cotton and coffee for export at a loss; rescheduling guarantees of outstanding loans; providing working capital at concessional terms; strengthening the export guarantee scheme and small and medium enterprises (sMes) guarantee scheme; and soliciting additional resources from development partners. a crisis of this proportion provides both lessons and opportunities with respect to the country’s development policies. it is critical to develop capacity and systems to identify and analyse the causes and impacts of such events on the domestic economy. this will aid development of policy response, including appropriate public spending, to address the downturn without sacrificing the long-term objective of sustainable growth. 10
Household Income (Consumption) Poverty and Inequality the 2007 household budget survey (hbs) provides new information to gauge progress towards MKUKUta’s poverty reduction targets. in this section, recent trends in poverty rates are highlighted. a detailed poverty analysis focusing on household consumption, income and asset ownership is provided in chapter 2 of this report. Income Poverty MKUKUta aims to reduce the incidence of basic needs poverty to 24% in rural areas and to 12.9% in urban areas 2 by 2010. the Millennium development goal (Mdg) target is a 50% reduction in the incidence of poverty between 1990 and 2015. in 1991/92, 39% of tanzanian households were living below the basic needs poverty line, so the Mdg target is to reduce this proportion to 19.5% by 2015. data from the hbs 2000/01 and 2007 show a limited decline in income poverty levels over the period in all areas (table 2). over this period, the proportion of the population below the basic needs poverty line declined slightly from 35.7% to 33.6%, and the incidence of food poverty fell from 18.7% to 16.6%. of note, the fall in poverty over the period from 1991/92 to 2000/01 was larger; basic needs and food poverty levels both declined by approximately 3 percentage points, and in dar es salaam basic needs poverty declined by over 11 percentage points. Poverty rates remain highest in rural areas: 37.6% of rural households live below the basic needs poverty line, compared with 24% of households in other urban areas and 16.4% in dar es salaam. given the large proportion of tanzanian households that rely on farming for their livelihoods and the high rate of rural poverty, the overwhelmingly majority (74%) of poor tanzanians are primarily dependent on agriculture. Table 2: Incidence of Poverty in Tanzania Poverty Line Year Dar es Salaam Other Urban Areas Rural Areas Mainland Tanzania food 1991/92 13.6 15.0 23.1 21.6 2000/01 7.5 13.2 20.4 18.7 2007 7.4 12.9 18.4 16.6 basic needs 1991/92 28.1 28.7 40.8 38.6 2000/01 17.6 25.8 38.7 35.7 2007 16.4 24.1 37.6 33.6 source: household budget survey 2007 (nbs, 2009) 2 the target for urban areas was set using hbs data for urban areas other than dar es salaam. Chapter I CLUSter 1 11
Page 1 and 2: UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA POVERTY
Page 3 and 4: COnTEnTS List of Tables ...........
Page 5 and 6: MKUKUTA Cluster II: CONteNts Improv
Page 7 and 8: CONteNts Data.for.Monitoring.......
Page 9 and 10: CONteNts HOUSEHOLD OCCUPATION AND P
Page 11 and 12: Table 25: Table 26: Percent of Adul
Page 13 and 14: Figure 21: Figure 22: Percentage of
Page 15 and 16: LisT Of AbbREViATiONs AIDS Acquired
Page 17: PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Pap
Page 21 and 22: ExECUTIvE SUMMARy The Poverty and H
Page 23 and 24: in poverty. Nonetheless, the challe
Page 25 and 26: evise allocations based on identifi
Page 27 and 28: Monitoring Implications A comprehen
Page 29: eXeCUtiVe sUMMarY Good governance a
Page 33 and 34: Chapter Progress towards the goals
Page 35 and 36: GDP Growth by Sector the principal
Page 37 and 38: Figure 2: Sectoral Contribution to
Page 39: Chapter I CLUSter 1 Box 2: The Impa
Page 43 and 44: Income Poverty and GDP Growth the 2
Page 45 and 46: although global oil and food prices
Page 47 and 48: Figure 6: FDI Inflows 2000-2008 (US
Page 49 and 50: orrow from outside tanzania, where
Page 51 and 52: Infrastructure Roads the condition
Page 53 and 54: quantity but also in quality. for i
Page 55 and 56: Chapter I CLUSter 1 GOaL 4 & 5 prop
Page 57 and 58: Customers Connected to Sources of E
Page 59 and 60: Cluster I Conclusions and Policy Im
Page 61 and 62: MKUKUTA INDICATORS - SUMMARY OF DAT
Page 63 and 64: Indicator Baseline Trend Target MKU
Page 69 and 70: MKUKUTA Cluster II: Improvement of
Page 71 and 72: Regional variations in enrolment ha
Page 73 and 74: CLUSTER II- GOAL 1 and/or not compl
Page 75 and 76: Pupil/Teacher Ratio Overall, the pu
Page 77 and 78: provision of housing, funding for w
Page 79 and 80: CLUSTER II- GOAL 1 Table 11: Primar
Page 81 and 82: Table 12: Benefit Incidence Analysi
Page 83 and 84: Figure 15: Infant and Under-Five Mo
Page 85 and 86: Figure 17: Prevalence of Malaria in
Page 87 and 88: Figure 19: Percentage of Children U
Page 89 and 90: Table 13: Indicators of Malnutritio
Page 91 and 92:
CLUSTER II- GOAL 2 Ghana (Edmond et
Page 93 and 94:
Figure 24: Percentage of Births Tak
Page 95 and 96:
Figure 26: HIV Prevalence by Age Gr
Page 97 and 98:
Figure 28: Projected Number of Adul
Page 99 and 100:
Projections based on the model indi
Page 101 and 102:
Access to Healthcare Services On th
Page 103 and 104:
Health Services Development Strateg
Page 105 and 106:
Figure 34: Access to Clean and Safe
Page 110 and 111:
POVERTY AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPOR
Page 112 and 113:
Page 114 and 115:
Page 116 and 117:
Page 118 and 119:
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
MKUKUTA INDICATORS - SUMMARY OF DAT
Page 130 and 131:
Target Indicator Baseline Trend MKU
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Sources: a = various sources as ind
Page 138 and 139:
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
Indicator Baseline Trend Target MKU
Page 166 and 167:
Page 168 and 169:
Page 170 and 171:
Page 173 and 174:
Chapter 2 An AnAlysis of household
Page 175 and 176:
Composition of Consumption Consumpt
Page 177 and 178:
the poverty line basket was valued
Page 179 and 180:
Figure 50: Daily Caloric Intake per
Page 181 and 182:
Figure 52: Poverty Incidence Curves
Page 183 and 184:
Food share typically, a drop in the
Page 185 and 186:
Liters per Adult Equivalent Kilogra
Page 187 and 188:
Kilograms per Adult Equivalent 6 5
Page 189 and 190:
Consumer Durables data from the hBs
Page 191 and 192:
Additional data from the tanzania h
Page 193 and 194:
Table 41: Percent of All Households
Page 195 and 196:
Table 44: Percent of Males and Fema
Page 197 and 198:
Table 46: Distribution of Household
Page 199:
Conclusion Chapter 2 income poverty
Page 202 and 203:
pOVertY aND hUMaN DeVeLOpMeNt repOr
Page 204 and 205:
Page 206 and 207:
Page 208 and 209:
Page 210 and 211:
Page 212 and 213:
Page 214 and 215:
Page 216 and 217:
Page 218 and 219:
Page 220:
Chapter 2 Hoogeveen, J. & Ruhinduka
show all

Poverty and Human Development Report 2009 - UNDP in Tanzania

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?