Poverty and Human Development Report 2009 - UNDP in Tanzania

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pOVertY aND hUMaN DeVeLOpMeNt repOrt 2009 equipment, clothes, personal effects, personal care, recreation, cleaning, domestic services, contributions, fuel, petrol, soap and cigarettes, and other non-durable items (see table 35), as well as telecommunications, medical and education expenses. Assets (such as houses and consumer durables) are not included in consumption because these items provide ‘use value’ for an extended period of time. 94 the data show that between 2000/01 and 2007 consumption per capita increased by 5%, implying an average annual growth rate of 0.8% (table 33). Table 33: Per Capita Consumption, by Wealth Quintile and Area of Residence, 2000/01 and 2007 (at 2001 TShs prices) Wealth Quintile 2000/01 2007 % change poorest Quintile 3,978 3,895 -2% 2nd 6,551 6,660 2% 3rd 9,163 9,490 4% 4th 12,972 13,635 5% least poor Quintile 26,056 27,836 7% dar es salaam 21,415 21,655 1% other urban 14,185 14,004 -1% rural 8,456 8,507 1% Tanzania Mainland 9,997 10,470 5% note: Consumption is expressed per 28 days source: hoogeveen et al., 2009 in dar es salaam and rural areas, consumption increased by 1% on average; in other urban areas it dropped by 1%. the reason why consumption for tanzania Mainland as a whole increased by more than consumption in each residence strata may in part be explained by the shift in population from (poorer) rural areas towards (less poor) urban areas; the proportion of the population living in urban areas increased from 20% in 2000/01 to 25% in 2007. the increase in consumption was not equally distributed. Consumption per capita of the least poor 20% of households increased by 7% between 2000/1 and 2007, while consumption of the poorest households dropped by 2%. 94 imputing user values for assets is possible but would be imprecise given the absence of rental markets for housing in rural areas and because the age of durable assets was not recorded in the surveys, which meant that that depreciation could not be taken into account. 144
Composition of Consumption Consumption is analysed based at constant 2001 prices which allows for an assessment of real changes in the composition of consumption. overall prices in 2007 were 1.93 times higher than in 2000/01. table 34 shows the value of consumption of major groups of items in 2000/01 and 2007. the composition of consumption remained more or less unchanged from 2000/01 to 2007. households spend a smaller fraction of their total consumption on food (from 62% down to 59%), even though, expressed in tanzanian shillings (tshs), the amount spent on food remained almost the same (from tshs 6,136 in 2000/01 to tshs 6,158 in 2007). in dar es salaam and other urban areas, households rely almost exclusively on purchased food, whereas in rural areas about 44% of all food consumed is from own production. Table 34: Composition of Consumption Per Capita, by Residence, 2000/01 and 2007 (at 2001 Tshs Prices) Mean per capita consumption by item food purchased food not purchased Dar es Salaam Other Urban Rural Areas Tanzania Mainland Tanzania Mainland 2000/01 2007 2000/01 2007 2000/01 2007 2000/01 2007 2000/01 2007 10,301 9,720 7,114 6,561 3,118 3,079 4,085 4,195 41% 40% 368 217 876 887 2,375 2,393 2,051 1,963 21% 19% durables 1,892 1,400 1,099 1,077 484 397 650 593 7% 6% Medical 569 417 338 253 190 148 232 187 2% 2% education 974 1,220 431 545 138 128 227 284 2% 3% other nondurables* 7,006 7,158 4,253 4,234 2,146 2,262 2,718 2,979 27% 28% telecom 304 1,523 74 451 6 100 33 270 0% 3% Total per capita consumption 21,415 21,655 14,185 14,004 8,456 8,507 9,997 10,470 100% 100% * see table 35 for a breakdown of other non-durables. source: hoogeveen et al., 2009 Chapter 2 the main changes observed in the pattern of consumption are with respect to telecommunications (table 34) and the amounts spent on fuel and transport (table 35). expenditure on fuel and transport went up by about 30%, while spending on telecommunication increased from close to zero in 2000/1 to 3% of overall consumption in 2007. in dar es salaam, spending on telecommunications now comprises 7% of total consumption. spending on recreation and cigarettes, on the other hand, fell substantially, while the value of contributions increased. there 145
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UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA POVERTY
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COnTEnTS List of Tables ...........
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MKUKUTA Cluster II: CONteNts Improv
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CONteNts Data.for.Monitoring.......
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CONteNts HOUSEHOLD OCCUPATION AND P
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Table 25: Table 26: Percent of Adul
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Figure 21: Figure 22: Percentage of
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LisT Of AbbREViATiONs AIDS Acquired
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PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Pap
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ExECUTIvE SUMMARy The Poverty and H
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in poverty. Nonetheless, the challe
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evise allocations based on identifi
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Monitoring Implications A comprehen
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eXeCUtiVe sUMMarY Good governance a
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Chapter Progress towards the goals
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GDP Growth by Sector the principal
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Figure 2: Sectoral Contribution to
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Chapter I CLUSter 1 Box 2: The Impa
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Household Income (Consumption) Pove
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Income Poverty and GDP Growth the 2
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although global oil and food prices
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Figure 6: FDI Inflows 2000-2008 (US
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orrow from outside tanzania, where
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Infrastructure Roads the condition
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quantity but also in quality. for i
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Chapter I CLUSter 1 GOaL 4 & 5 prop
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Customers Connected to Sources of E
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Cluster I Conclusions and Policy Im
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MKUKUTA INDICATORS - SUMMARY OF DAT
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Indicator Baseline Trend Target MKU
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MKUKUTA Cluster II: Improvement of
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Regional variations in enrolment ha
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CLUSTER II- GOAL 1 and/or not compl
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Pupil/Teacher Ratio Overall, the pu
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provision of housing, funding for w
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CLUSTER II- GOAL 1 Table 11: Primar
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Table 12: Benefit Incidence Analysi
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Figure 15: Infant and Under-Five Mo
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Figure 17: Prevalence of Malaria in
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Figure 19: Percentage of Children U
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Table 13: Indicators of Malnutritio
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CLUSTER II- GOAL 2 Ghana (Edmond et
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Figure 24: Percentage of Births Tak
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Figure 26: HIV Prevalence by Age Gr
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Figure 28: Projected Number of Adul
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Projections based on the model indi
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Access to Healthcare Services On th
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Health Services Development Strateg
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Figure 34: Access to Clean and Safe
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POVERTY AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPOR
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Page 124 and 125: POVERTY AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPOR
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Page 164 and 165: Indicator Baseline Trend Target MKU
Page 173: Chapter 2 An AnAlysis of household
Page 177 and 178: the poverty line basket was valued
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Page 181 and 182: Figure 52: Poverty Incidence Curves
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Page 185 and 186: Liters per Adult Equivalent Kilogra
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Page 189 and 190: Consumer Durables data from the hBs
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Page 193 and 194: Table 41: Percent of All Households
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Page 197 and 198: Table 46: Distribution of Household
Page 199: Conclusion Chapter 2 income poverty
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Page 220: Chapter 2 Hoogeveen, J. & Ruhinduka
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Poverty and Human Development Report 2009 - UNDP in Tanzania

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